scholarly journals Immigration and Child Mortality: Lessons from the United States at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
J. David Hacker ◽  
Francesco Scalone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
White Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Integration ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTThe societal integration of immigrants is a great concern in many of today’s Western societies, and has been so for a long time. Whether we look at Europe in 2015 or the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, large flows of immigrants pose challenges to receiving societies. While much research has focused on the socioeconomic integration of immigrants there has been less interest in their demographic integration, even though this can tell us as much about the way immigrants fare in their new home country. In this article we study the disparities in infant and child mortality across nativity groups and generations, using new, high-density census data. In addition to describing differentials and trends in child mortality among 14 immigrant groups relative to the native-born white population of native parentage, we focus special attention on the association between child mortality, immigrant assimilation, and the community-level context of where immigrants lived. Our findings indicate substantial nativity differences in child mortality, but also that factors related to the societal integration of immigrants explains a substantial part of these differentials. Our results also point to the importance of spatial patterns and contextual variables in understanding nativity differentials in child mortality.

The Scale of Production in Western Economic Development: A Comparison of Official Industry Statistics in the United States, Britain, France, and Germany, 1905–1913

1996 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Rye Kinghorn ◽  
John Vincent Nye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Concentration Levels

We use census data and information on large firms to generate descriptions of structural features of Western industry around 1906. We find that although the United States conforms to existing stereotypes, most other nations do not. German industry stands out as having the smallest plants and firms and the lowest concentration levels both in the aggregate and when grouped by industrial classifications. Equally startling, French levels of plant size and concentration are comparable to those of the United States. We speculate on the importance of these results for rethinking the traditional analysis of industrial development in the early twentieth century.

Humanism and Class

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikivu Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
White Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
The Us ◽  
Changing Demographics

Although early twentieth century humanist discourse was informed by an explicit emphasis on class and socioeconomic redress, contemporary iterations within “organized humanism” have been less definitive. In the post–World War II era, humanist scholars and activists have taken diverse approaches to connecting organized humanism and humanist discourse with class politics and class analyses. Changing demographics in the United States, including the rise of “Religious Nones” and the US shift from a majority white population, may play a prominent role in clarifying the nexus between humanism and class analysis.

Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Keir B. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
East African ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Field Naturalist

This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian–Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and financing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.

Early twentieth-century mammal collecting in Africa: The Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir B. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
East African ◽  
Theodore Roosevelt ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Field Naturalist

This paper deals with the scientific contributions made by Colonel Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and the three mammalogists attached to the Smithsonian-Roosevelt East African Expedition of 1909–1910. These individuals included Lieutenant-Colonel (retired) Edgar Alexander Mearns (1856–1916), an old friend of Roosevelt's and a retired Army surgeon-naturalist; Edmund Heller (1875–1947), long-time field naturalist with previous experience in Africa, and J. Alden Loring (1871–1947), a veteran field collector in the United States. They joined Roosevelt and his son Kermit (1889–1943), in the senior Roosevelt's efforts to collect large game mammal specimens for the United States National Museum, Washington, DC. The group also observed and collected more than 160 species of carnivores, ungulates, rodents, insectivores, and bats. Departing New York shortly after Roosevelt's tenure as President of the United States ended in March 1909, the party debarked at Mombasa in April, and spent most of the next year in Kenya and Uganda. They also visited Sudan before the expedition ended at Khartoum in March 1910. Other subjects discussed include the expedition's objectives and fi nancing, the information gathered by expedition members and the publications which resulted.

Personal Recollections of James H. Cone

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Moltmann ◽  
Steffen Lösel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wolfhart Pannenberg ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
The Many ◽  
Initial Meeting

On the occasion of James H. Cone’s death in April 2018, his long-time colleague Jürgen Moltmann reflects on the many decades of their theological and personal friendship, from their initial meeting in 1970 to their last get-together in 2015. With deep personal gratitude, Moltmann speaks about the counseling role, which Cone assumed for him in the United States context for many years, and shares important moments in their common effort to develop a liberating theology for all humankind. After Moltmann’s “Personal Recollections of Wolfhart Pannenberg,” published in Theology Today 72:1 (2015): 11–14, this is another valuable testimony of twentieth-century theological history.

scholarly journals The Inflexible Nature of Federalism

Federalism-E ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Geoff Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Over Time

The twentieth century has generally been a time of prosperity and it has brought to light the strength and dominance of liberal democracy into our political culture. In particular, it has lead to the success of the engine of liberal democracy, federalism. However, like all engines there are inherent weaknesses within the structure that exist from conception and perpetuate over time. Australia, Canada and the United States are federations who share a common weakness: inflexibility. The weaknesses of an engine can sometimes be invisible for a long time, and it usually requires a catalyst to be seen. In these three federations, one such catalyst has been the federal system’s relationship with Aboriginals. A fundamental weakness of federalism is that it is inflexible. Nowhere is this clearer than in federal-aboriginal relationships in Canada, Australia and the United States.[...]

New Estimates of Census Coverage in the United States, 1850–1930

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Hacker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Projection Methods ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
White Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
White Males

Despite growing reliance on census data for historical research in the United States, there has been little systematic evaluation of census quality. This article relies on back-projection methods, new estimates of nineteenth-century mortality, and the 1850–1940 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) samples to estimate age- and sex-specific net census underenumeration of the native-born white population in the United States in the 1850–1930 censuses. National and section of birth estimates are constructed. In general, the results suggest slightly higher net undercounts for native-born white males relative to native-born white females, slightly higher net undercounts in the South, and a modest trend toward greater census coverage over time. A few censuses stand out as anomalous. The 1870 census suffered a higher net rate of omission than any other census. The net undercount was especially high in the South, probably reflecting the unsettled conditions in the aftermath of the American Civil War. The net undercount was not nearly as great as nineteenth-century observers speculated and subsequent historians have long believed, however. The 1880 census appears to have achieved the most complete coverage of the native-born white population before 1940.

The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Zimring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
American Life ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Or Practice

The phenomenal growth of penal confinement in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century is still a public policy mystery. Why did it happen when it happened? What explains the unprecedented magnitude of prison and jail expansion? Why are the current levels of penal confinement so very close to the all-time peak rate reached in 2007? What is the likely course of levels of penal confinement in the next generation of American life? Are there changes in government or policy that can avoid the prospect of mass incarceration as a chronic element of governance in the United States? This study is organized around four major concerns: What happened in the 33 years after 1973? Why did these extraordinary changes happen in that single generation? What is likely to happen to levels of penal confinement in the next three decades? What changes in law or practice might reduce this likely penal future?

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