Penggunaan Dinding Silang Pada Galian Dalam Di Tanah Sangat Lunak: Studi Kasus Proyek Apartemen DI Jalan Kebun Sirih Jakarta

Deep excavation in areas with very soft clay deposits need a good soil retaining system and excavation method. Using a diapraghm wall as a soil retaining system for deep excavation is a good choice can be done. Diapraghm wall is expected to limit the movement that occurs in the retaining walls and avoid leaks that occur in walls, this is needed to minimize damage to adjacent buildings. The top down excavation method by utilizing the basement floor as lateral resistance can be carried out to reduce the movement that occurs on the ground. In very soft soil areas with excavation distances to neighbors very close, the movement on the ground must be limited to minimize damage to adjacent buildings. Cross walls can be used to reduce the movement that occurs on the ground. Analysis of finite element with using the Plaxis program was carried out to investigate the performance of the retaining wall. From the results of the analysis conducted shows that using a cross wall at a location below the raft pile can be reduced the movement that occurs in the retaining wall and the excavation stages can be reduced. Keywords: cross wall; deep excavation; diapraghm wall; very soft soil ABSTRAKGalian dalam pada daerah dengan endapan tanah liat sangat lunak yang cukup dalam diperlukan sistem penahan tanah dan metode galian yang direncanakan dengan baik. Menggunakan dinding dipraghm sebagai sistem penahan tanah untuk galian dalam merupakan pilihan yang dapat dilakukan. Penggunaan dinding diapraghm diharapkan dapat membatasi pergerakan yang terjadi pada dinding dan menghindari kebocoran yang yang terjadi pada dinding penahan tanah karena sistem pengecoran yang saling mengunci dan pertemuan antara panel dinding dapat dipasang waterstop, hal ini diperlukan untuk menghindari kerusakan pada bangunan yang berdekatan dengan daerah galian. Metode galian top down yaitu galian bertahap dengan memanfaatkan lantai besmen sebagai tahanan lateral dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi pergerakan yang terjadi pada tanah. Pada daerah tanah sangat lunak dengan jarak galian dengan tetangga sangat berdekatan pergerakan pada tanah harus dibatasi untuk meminimalkan kerusakan pada bangunan yang berdekatan. Dinding silang merupakan sistem tahanan lateral yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengurangi pergerakan yang terjadi pada tanah. Analisis elemen hingga menggunakan program Plaxis 2D dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja dinding penahan tanah dan pergerakan yang terjadi. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan menggunakan dinding silang yang terletak pada di bawah raft pile dapat menurunkan pergerakan yang terjadi pada dinding penahan tanah dan tahapan galian dapat dikurangi.

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Analysis on Deep Excavation in Soft Soil Located on Sloped Bedrock

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.13 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 170-173 ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Shong Loong Chen ◽

Cheng Tao Ho

Keyword(s):

Lateral Displacement ◽

Retaining Wall ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Observation Data ◽

Clay Layer ◽

Deep Excavation ◽

Element Analysis ◽

2D Strain ◽

Significant Difference

Deep excavations in soft-clay layer on sloped bedrock often leads to lateral displacement on retaining structures and uneven settlement due to unbalanced pressure generated from excavation. A construction project for which an excavation was complete in soft clay layer on sloped bedrock in Taipei City was adopted in the study. It is learned from the observation logs of the studied case that a significant difference exists in the lateral displacement of diaphragm wall and settlement between up and down-slope sides of sloped bedrock. Deep excavation is in fact profoundly complicated interaction between excavation strutting and soil. In general practice, the design of excavation is frequently simplified as a 2D strain behavior. However, the actual excavation on sloped bedrock is quite different from 1D or 2D simulation in a symmetric manner. Therefore, 2D finite element analysis program, PLAXIS, is introduced for the analysis on the behaviors of soil clay layer on sloped bedrock in excavation. The result is compared with onsite observation data, including displacement of retaining wall, settlement, axial loads of struts and others. The result of retaining wall displacement analysis is found consistent with the trend derived from onsite observation, which is possible for reference of similar engineering analyses and designs in the future.

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Case study on the influence of soft clay addressing continuously retaining wall in deep excavation

Soft Soil Engineering ◽

10.1201/9780203739501-60 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 419-422

Author(s):

M.T. Liang ◽

C.F. Hsiao ◽

K.Y. Chang ◽

L.C. Chuang ◽

J.C. Chang

Keyword(s):

Retaining Wall ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Deep Excavation

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Deep Excavation in Very Soft Soil Using Cross Wall as Lateral Support

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1007/1/012052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1007 ◽

pp. 012052

Author(s):

Oktaffian Widjaja ◽

Chaidir Anwar Makarim

Keyword(s):

Soft Soil ◽

Cross Wall ◽

Deep Excavation

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The Deformation Analysis of a Deep Frame Top-Down Excavation in Downtown Shanghai Based on the 3D FEM

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/2947544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ting Bai ◽

Dong Xie

Keyword(s):

Environmental Influence ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Fem Simulation ◽

Fem Analysis ◽

Deformation Analysis ◽

Deep Excavation ◽

Top Down ◽

3D Fem ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Construction Methods

The deformation and environmental influence of the pit excavation in downtown is very important. A 3D FEM analysis is conducted to understand the deformation of a 13.9 to 15.2 m deep excavation with an in-plane dimension of about 189 m width and 251 m length constructed by the frame top-down method (FTDM) in the soft clay region in the Shanghai metropolitan area. The field monitoring results indicate that the magnitudes of wall deflections and ground settlements, along with the column’s uplift difference, are relatively small, which are below the specified protection levels, and that the FTDM is feasible as one of the extralarge excavation construction methods. It is reasonable to predict wall deflection by 3D FEM simulation with qualitative comparison between the simulated column uplifts and the measured data, yet the prediction of the settlement distribution is of no satisfaction. This project studied in this paper not only serves as a special case study calibrated and verified by numerical tools but also provides insights into the design and construction of an extralarge deep excavation using the frame top-down method in soft soils and metropolitan environment.

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Design and construction of a deep excavation in soft soils adjacent to the Shanghai Metro tunnels

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t03-041 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 933-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Z F Hu ◽

Z Q Yue ◽

J Zhou ◽

L G Tham

Keyword(s):

Ground Improvement ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Theoretical Method ◽

Horizontal Displacement ◽

Deep Excavation ◽

Construction Methods ◽

Diaphragm Walls ◽

Shanghai Metro ◽

Design And Construction

This paper presents the design and construction of a deep excavation for building foundations in saturated soil. This deep excavation was of particular interest because it was located above and beside the Shanghai Metro tunnels. The twin Shanghai Metro tunnels had to be in full operation during the deep excavation. Potential large deformation of the twin tunnels was one of the main concerns during the design and construction for the deep excavation. The paper discusses in detail the criteria and measures for controlling the soil and tunnel deformation. The measures included cast-in-place concrete diaphragm walls with bracing structural members, pumping consolidation, cementsoil mix pile systems, and rational excavation procedures. A simplified theoretical method was proposed to estimate the increment in undrained shear strength in a soft clay layer due to pumping consolidation. Furthermore, conventional finite element methods were used to predict the soil vertical and horizontal displacements induced by the excavation. Using the design and construction methods discussed in the paper, the settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnels were successfully controlled within 5.0 mm and 9.0 mm, respectively. The curvature of longitudinal deformation curve of the tunnels was less than 1/15 000. The horizontal displacement of the braced diaphragm walls was less than 0.12% of the total excavation depth. Key words: Metro tunnels, saturated soft soil, deep excavation, design, construction, ground improvement, case studies.

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Predicting the Displacement of Diaphragm Wall for Deep Excavation Problem on the Basing Thickly Soft Soil in an Urban Area Using Semi-Top-Down Construction Method

10.1007/978-981-16-7216-3_5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 49-56

Author(s):

Thanh Sang-To ◽

Minh Hoang-Le ◽

Magd Abdel Wahab ◽

Thanh Cuong-Le

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Construction Method ◽

Diaphragm Wall ◽

Deep Excavation ◽

Top Down

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Ground movements due to pile driving in an excavation in soft soil

Canadian Geotechnical Journal ◽

10.1139/t98-071 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 152-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I H Wong ◽

T S Chua

Keyword(s):

Precast Concrete ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Soft Clay ◽

Ground Movement ◽

Pile Driving ◽

Deep Excavation ◽

Ground Movements ◽

Concrete Piles ◽

Recent Project ◽

Story Building

An excavation in soft clay for the construction of a deep basement frequently is accompanied by large ground movements that may damage piles preinstalled at the base of the excavation. In a recent project involving the construction of a 10 m wide, 3.7 m deep drain, the construction method adopted entailed excavating the site soils and then driving precast concrete piles. The excavation was supported by steel sheet piles braced by one level of struts. Large settlements and horizontal movements of the ground were observed during pile driving. These movements exceeded those occurring during the excavation phase. Concrete aprons outside a one-story building adjacent to the excavation were badly damaged during excavation and pile driving. However, the building supported on steel piles was undamaged.Key words: deep excavation, sheet piles, pile driving, ground movement, basement construction.

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Top-down Excavation of a Metro Station in Soft Clay

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2866 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 368-373 ◽

pp. 2866-2869

Author(s):

Ye Lu ◽

Yong Tan

Keyword(s):

Soft Clay ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Top Down ◽

Metro Station ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Steel Columns ◽

Axial Forces ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Diaphragm Walls

This study examines the performance of a deep metro excavation constructed by top-down technique in Shanghai clay deposits. The monitoring items included deflections of diaphragm walls, vertical movements of steel columns, and axial forces of the struts. Based on analysis of the field measurements, some interesting findings were obtained, which will be useful for both practitioners and researchers.

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