Ground movements due to pile driving in an excavation in soft soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Wong ◽  
T S Chua
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Concrete Piles ◽  
Recent Project ◽  
Story Building

An excavation in soft clay for the construction of a deep basement frequently is accompanied by large ground movements that may damage piles preinstalled at the base of the excavation. In a recent project involving the construction of a 10 m wide, 3.7 m deep drain, the construction method adopted entailed excavating the site soils and then driving precast concrete piles. The excavation was supported by steel sheet piles braced by one level of struts. Large settlements and horizontal movements of the ground were observed during pile driving. These movements exceeded those occurring during the excavation phase. Concrete aprons outside a one-story building adjacent to the excavation were badly damaged during excavation and pile driving. However, the building supported on steel piles was undamaged.Key words: deep excavation, sheet piles, pile driving, ground movement, basement construction.

Distributions of ground movements parallel to deep excavations in clay

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Roboski ◽  
Richard J Finno
Keyword(s):  
Error Function ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Empirical Procedure ◽  
Complementary Error Function ◽  
Excavation Support ◽  
Support Wall

An empirical procedure for fitting a complementary error function (erfc) to settlement and lateral ground movement data in a direction parallel to an excavation support wall is proposed based on extensive optical survey data obtained around a 12.8 m deep excavation in Chicago. The maximum ground movement and the height and length of an excavation wall define the erfc fitting function. The erfc fit is shown to apply to three other excavation projects where substantial ground movement data were reported.Key words: excavations, clays, ground movements, performance data.

Analysis on Deep Excavation in Soft Soil Located on Sloped Bedrock

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Shong Loong Chen ◽  
Cheng Tao Ho
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
2D Strain ◽  
Significant Difference

Deep excavations in soft-clay layer on sloped bedrock often leads to lateral displacement on retaining structures and uneven settlement due to unbalanced pressure generated from excavation. A construction project for which an excavation was complete in soft clay layer on sloped bedrock in Taipei City was adopted in the study. It is learned from the observation logs of the studied case that a significant difference exists in the lateral displacement of diaphragm wall and settlement between up and down-slope sides of sloped bedrock. Deep excavation is in fact profoundly complicated interaction between excavation strutting and soil. In general practice, the design of excavation is frequently simplified as a 2D strain behavior. However, the actual excavation on sloped bedrock is quite different from 1D or 2D simulation in a symmetric manner. Therefore, 2D finite element analysis program, PLAXIS, is introduced for the analysis on the behaviors of soil clay layer on sloped bedrock in excavation. The result is compared with onsite observation data, including displacement of retaining wall, settlement, axial loads of struts and others. The result of retaining wall displacement analysis is found consistent with the trend derived from onsite observation, which is possible for reference of similar engineering analyses and designs in the future.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Dinding Silang Pada Galian Dalam Di Tanah Sangat Lunak: Studi Kasus Proyek Apartemen DI Jalan Kebun Sirih Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Oktaffian Widjaja ◽  
Chaidir Anwar Makarim
Keyword(s):  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Cross Wall ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Adjacent Buildings ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Lateral Resistance

Deep excavation in areas with very soft clay deposits need a good soil retaining system and excavation method. Using a diapraghm wall as a soil retaining system for deep excavation is a good choice can be done. Diapraghm wall is expected to limit the movement that occurs in the retaining walls and avoid leaks that occur in walls, this is needed to minimize damage to adjacent buildings. The top down excavation method by utilizing the basement floor as lateral resistance can be carried out to reduce the movement that occurs on the ground. In very soft soil areas with excavation distances to neighbors very close, the movement on the ground must be limited to minimize damage to adjacent buildings. Cross walls can be used to reduce the movement that occurs on the ground. Analysis of finite element with using the Plaxis program was carried out to investigate the performance of the retaining wall. From the results of the analysis conducted shows that using a cross wall at a location below the raft pile can be reduced the movement that occurs in the retaining wall and the excavation stages can be reduced. Keywords: cross wall; deep excavation; diapraghm wall; very soft soil ABSTRAKGalian dalam pada daerah dengan endapan tanah liat sangat lunak yang cukup dalam diperlukan sistem penahan tanah dan metode galian yang direncanakan dengan baik. Menggunakan dinding dipraghm sebagai sistem penahan tanah untuk galian dalam merupakan pilihan yang dapat dilakukan. Penggunaan dinding diapraghm diharapkan dapat membatasi pergerakan yang terjadi pada dinding dan menghindari kebocoran yang yang terjadi pada dinding penahan tanah karena sistem pengecoran yang saling mengunci dan pertemuan antara panel dinding dapat dipasang waterstop, hal ini diperlukan untuk menghindari kerusakan pada bangunan yang berdekatan dengan daerah galian. Metode galian top down yaitu galian bertahap dengan memanfaatkan lantai besmen sebagai tahanan lateral dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi pergerakan yang terjadi pada tanah. Pada daerah tanah sangat lunak dengan jarak galian dengan tetangga sangat berdekatan pergerakan pada tanah harus dibatasi untuk meminimalkan kerusakan pada bangunan yang berdekatan. Dinding silang merupakan sistem tahanan lateral yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengurangi pergerakan yang terjadi pada tanah. Analisis elemen hingga menggunakan program Plaxis 2D dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja dinding penahan tanah dan pergerakan yang terjadi. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan menggunakan dinding silang yang terletak pada di bawah raft pile dapat menurunkan pergerakan yang terjadi pada dinding penahan tanah dan tahapan galian dapat dikurangi. 

scholarly journals Design and construction of a deep excavation in soft soils adjacent to the Shanghai Metro tunnels

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z F Hu ◽  
Z Q Yue ◽  
J Zhou ◽  
L G Tham
Keyword(s):  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Diaphragm Walls ◽  
Shanghai Metro ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper presents the design and construction of a deep excavation for building foundations in saturated soil. This deep excavation was of particular interest because it was located above and beside the Shanghai Metro tunnels. The twin Shanghai Metro tunnels had to be in full operation during the deep excavation. Potential large deformation of the twin tunnels was one of the main concerns during the design and construction for the deep excavation. The paper discusses in detail the criteria and measures for controlling the soil and tunnel deformation. The measures included cast-in-place concrete diaphragm walls with bracing structural members, pumping consolidation, cement–soil mix pile systems, and rational excavation procedures. A simplified theoretical method was proposed to estimate the increment in undrained shear strength in a soft clay layer due to pumping consolidation. Furthermore, conventional finite element methods were used to predict the soil vertical and horizontal displacements induced by the excavation. Using the design and construction methods discussed in the paper, the settlement and horizontal displacement of the tunnels were successfully controlled within 5.0 mm and 9.0 mm, respectively. The curvature of longitudinal deformation curve of the tunnels was less than 1/15 000. The horizontal displacement of the braced diaphragm walls was less than 0.12% of the total excavation depth. Key words: Metro tunnels, saturated soft soil, deep excavation, design, construction, ground improvement, case studies.

scholarly journals Laboratory Model Tests on Consolidation Performance of Soil Column with Drained-Timber Rod

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
X. J. Chai ◽  
K. Deng ◽  
C. F. He ◽  
Y. F. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Timber Piles

Timber pile is an ancient technology applied in soft ground improvement for more than 1000 years. With the rise of many high-rise buildings, many types of modern mechanized-construction piles are widely developed and applied; for example, steel pile, precast concrete pile, sand pile, and gravel pile are widely used instead of timber piles. Yet, in some special conditions, timber piles have certain advantages due to their environment-friendly characteristics, which result in obvious economic benefits and suitability. To overcome the weakness of the traditional timber pile technology and expand its application in engineering practice, a drained-timber pile technique was put forward. This technology is to wrap the permeable filter-type drainage geotextile around the timber pile, so that the timber pile not only has the replacement function to strengthen the foundation but also has the drainage function, can accelerate the pore water discharge, and speeds up the soft soil foundation consolidation. The reduced scale soil-column consolidation model was designed to perform the consolidation tests for the soil column with a drained-timber rod. In total, eight types of soil-column consolidation tests were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the drained-timber pile technique. The results revealed that, under the same loading and consolidation time, the drained-timber rod can obviously increase the degree of consolidation when compared with traditional timber rod. It can be expected that the drained-timber pile technique has a good application prospect for the construction of medium-small hydraulic structures and for the treatment of super soft clay.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Ground Movements Caused by Grouting during Shield Tunnelling in Clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhi-Feng Wang ◽  
Wen-Chieh Cheng ◽  
Ya-Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Cavity ◽  
Radial Stress ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Ground Movements ◽  
Tunnel Boring ◽  
Shield Tunnelling ◽  
London Clay

Grouting has been deemed as one of the most effective measures for mitigation of ground movements during tunnel construction in soft soil. Notwithstanding that, a reliable measure to quantitatively evaluate the grouting-induced ground movements during shield tunnelling in soft soil has not yet been developed. This paper presents a simple method capable of quantitatively estimating the ground movements associated with grouting for tunnel-boring operations where the grouting parameters and soil properties are taken into consideration. The grouting process is simplified as the expansion of a cylindrical cavity with a uniform radial stress applied at soil-grout interface in a half plane, and the analytical solution proposed by Verruijt is introduced for determining the ground movements by the expansion of the cylindrical cavity. The proposed method is verified with a case history undertaken in London Clay. The results obtained suggest that this procedure would be helpful in managing the grouting parameters adopted in upcoming soft ground tunnelling project and mitigating the environmental impacts on nearby properties.

Uplift and Settlement Prediction Model of Marine Clay Soil e Integrated with Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
D.C. Lat ◽  
I.B.M. Jais ◽  
N. Ali ◽  
B. Baharom ◽  
N.Z. Mohd Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Effective Thickness ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Uplift Pressure ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Improvement Method

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) foam is a lightweight material that can be used efficiently as a ground improvement method in solving excessive and differential settlement of soil foundation mainly for infrastructures such as road, highway and parking spaces. The ground improvement method is done by excavation and removal of soft soil at shallow depth and replacement with lightweight PU foam slab. This study is done to simulate the model of marine clay soil integrated with polyurethane foam using finite element method (FEM) PLAXIS 2D for prediction of settlement behavior and uplift effect due to polyurethane foam mitigation method. Model of soft clay foundation stabilized with PU foam slab with variation in thickness and overburden loads were analyzed. Results from FEM exhibited the same trend as the results of the analytical method whereby PU foam has successfully reduced the amount of settlement significantly. With the increase in PU foam thickness, the settlement is reduced, nonetheless the uplift pressure starts to increase beyond the line of effective thickness. PU foam design chart has been produced for practical application in order to adopt the effective thickness of PU foam within tolerable settlement value and uplift pressure with respect to different overburden loads for ground improvement works.

scholarly journals Ground Movement Analysis Based on Stochastic Medium Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Meng Fei ◽  
Wu Li-chun ◽  
Zhang Jia-sheng ◽  
Deng Guo-dong ◽  
Ni Zhi-hui
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Back Analysis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Normal Distribution Function ◽  
Stochastic Medium ◽  
Medium Theory ◽  
Vertical Ground

In order to calculate the ground movement induced by displacement piles driven into horizontal layered strata, an axisymmetric model was built and then the vertical and horizontal ground movement functions were deduced using stochastic medium theory. Results show that the vertical ground movement obeys normal distribution function, while the horizontal ground movement is an exponential function. Utilizing field measured data, parameters of these functions can be obtained by back analysis, and an example was employed to verify this model. Result shows that stochastic medium theory is suitable for calculating the ground movement in pile driving, and there is no need to consider the constitutive model of soil or contact between pile and soil. This method is applicable in practice.

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