scholarly journals Modal sosial dan kemiskinan di Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-338
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma ◽  
Sutyastie Soemitro Remi ◽  
Adhitya Wardhana ◽  
Deni Minarso
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Data penelitian ini berasal dari hasil Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) yang dilakukan pada tahun 2014. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel modal sosial diwakili oleh empat konsep, yaitu saling percaya, toleransi, kelompok, dan jaringan. Selain itu, studi ini juga menggunakan dua variabel instrumen, yaitu lama tinggal dan lokasi tempat tinggal untuk mengoreksi masalah endogenitas dengan menggunakan model estimasi Instrumental Variable Probit (IVP). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial mempengaruhi kemiskinan secara negatif dan signifikan. Selain itu, lama pendidikan sebagai proksi modal manusia juga secara signifikan mengurangi kemungkinan suatu rumah tangga menjadi miskin. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, selain meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur dan memberikan bantuan keuangan untuk pendidikan, lembaga pemerintah di wilayah Jawa Barat juga diharapkan memfasilitasi rumah tangga miskin untuk berpartisipasi secara sosial dan mendorong pengembangan organisasi sosial untuk pengembangan modal sosial dalam upaya untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Barat.

scholarly journals An Instrumental Variable Probit Modeling of COVID-19 Vaccination Compliance in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13129
Author(s):  
Abayomi Samuel Oyekale ◽  
Thonaeng Charity Maselwa
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
The Government ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit ◽  
Preventive Methods

COVID-19 remains a pressing development concern in Malawi. The third wave of viral infection upsurge raised significant concerns on people’s compliance with preventive methods already introduced by the government, among which vaccination is notable. This study analysed the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination compliance in Malawi. The data were the ninth round of the telephone-based survey that was conducted by Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO) in 2021. The data were analysed with Instrumental Variable Probit model. The results showed that awareness of COVID-19 vaccines arrival was very high (98.19%). Additionally, 11.59% and 60.71% were already vaccinated and planning to be vaccinated, respectively. The Probit regression results showed that age of household heads, need of medical services, being worried of contracting COVID-19 and wearing of masks increased the probability of vaccination compliance, while stress indicators, being employed and not worried at all of contracting COVID-19 reduced it. It was concluded that drastic behaviour change would be needed to address corona virus pandemic in Malawi. There is the need to ensure equity across different age groups in access to vaccines. Further, interventions to ensure proper assessment of an individual’s COVID-19 risk and address psychological and emotional stress that are associated with ongoing pandemic would enhance vaccination compliance.

The impact of wealth and income on the depression of older adults across European welfare regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Kourouklis ◽  
Georgia Verropoulou ◽  
Cleon Tsimbos
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Omitted Variable Bias ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Welfare Systems ◽  
Variable Bias ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of wealth and income on the likelihood of depression among persons aged 50 or higher in four European regions characterised by differences in the standards of living and welfare systems. To address possible effects, data from Wave 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) have been used. Based on a sample of 60,864 persons resident in 16 European countries and a binary indicator of depression, probit and instrumental variable probit models were employed, the latter of which deal with issues of endogeneity and omitted variable bias. The findings show differences in the prevalence of depression across Europe, favouring the more affluent North/Western countries. Further, there is a difference in the role and the magnitude of the effect of income and wealth across different regions. First, though both measures exhibit a measurable effect, their impact is greater in the poorer Central/Eastern and Southern regions; this divide is more pronounced for wealth. Second, income seems to have a stronger effect compared to wealth in all instances: hence, it would seem that liquidity is more important among Europeans aged 50 or higher than assets. Nevertheless, neither income nor wealth are important among persons aged 65 or higher in Nordic countries which may be partly attributable to a more equitable welfare system.

scholarly journals Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccines in Ethiopia: An Instrumental Variable Probit Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8892
Author(s):  
Abayomi Samuel Oyekale
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit

This paper analyzed the factors influencing the willingness of Ethiopia’s population to take COVID-19 vaccines. The data included the COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households in Ethiopia that were collected in 2021. This paper relied on the 10th round of the survey, which was comprised of 2178 households. The Instrumental Variable Probit regression model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that majority of the respondents (92.33%) would receiveCOVID-19 vaccines, while 6.61% and 1.06% were, respectively, unwilling and unsure. Across the regions of Ethiopia, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) (99.30%), Oromia (97.54%), Tigray (97.04%) and Gambela (95.42%) had the highest proportions of respondents willing to have the vaccine. Vaccine safety concern was the topmost reason for those unwilling to receive the vaccine. The results of the Instrumental Variable Probit regression showed that currently working, age, engagement with non-farm businesses and region of residence significantly influenced the population’s willingness to take the vaccine (p < 0.05). It was concluded that although the willingness be vaccinated was impressive, without everyone being receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, infection risk can still be high; this is due to the persistent mutation of the viral strains. Thus, there is a need to intensify efforts toward addressing the safety issues of COVID-19 vaccines, while efforts to enhance acceptability should focus on the youth population and those who are unemployed.

Nonwork Trips Associated with Transit-Oriented Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 2606 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luz Laham ◽  
Robert B. Noland
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit ◽  
Coffee Shops ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit Model

An analysis of factors associated with nonwork trips was conducted. The key variable of interest was proximity to transit-oriented development areas around train stations in New Jersey. The data were derived from a questionnaire of households around eight train stations and stratified by distance from a station. The focus was on the mode used for trips to restaurants–coffee shops and grocery–food stores, two of the most common and frequent nonwork trips. The analysis focused on the choice of walking versus driving for these trips by using an instrumental variable probit model aimed at controlling for the endogeneity associated with self-selection bias (i.e., people who prefer not to drive choose more walkable neighborhoods). Results showed strong associations between proximity to transit-oriented development areas and walking trips, and these results hold when endogeneity is controlled for. Local street density and per capita vehicle ownership also had the expected effects on walking trips.

Unemployment and self-rated health in Ghana: are there gender differences?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1155-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iddisah Sulemana ◽  
Ebenezer Bugri Anarfo ◽  
Louis Doabil
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Good Health ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit ◽  
The Unemployed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pooled Sample

Purpose A large extant literature examines the association between unemployment and self-rated health. Most of these studies reveal that unemployment diminishes self-rated health. Another strand of this literature, albeit sparse, suggests that the relationship between unemployment and self-rated health is gendered. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine whether unemployment is correlated with self-rated health in Ghana; and second, to explore whether and to what extent men differ from women on the basis of this relationship. Design/methodology/approach The authors used data from the Wave 6 of World Values Survey in Ghana (n=1552) and probit and instrumental variable probit regressions to empirically examine the association between unemployment and self-rated health in Ghana. Findings The results confirm that unemployment is negatively correlated with self-rated health among Ghanaians. Specifically, the unemployed are about 6.84–7.20 percent less likely to report good health status in a pooled sample. Further, after correcting for endogeneity, unemployed men are about 26.68 percent less likely to report good health. However, the association is not statistically significant for unemployed women. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence from Ghana.

International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460
Author(s):  
Mohd Imran Khan ◽  
Valatheeswaran C.
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variable Approach

The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

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