scholarly journals Trans border recreational tourism complexes (TBRTC) as a result of international collaboration

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanna Buchko
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Connectivity Map ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Western Ukraine

The paper discusses the notion of a transborder recreational tourism complex (TBRTC) as a geographic and as a wider multidisciplinary concept and describes such complexes within transborder tourism regions in Western Ukraine. A TBRTC is introduced as a spatial formation that arises within tourism-specific transborder collaboration. A TBRTC combines three necessary components: the entirety of all tourism-attracting resources in a specific transborder region; the travel-enabling infrastructure, including transborder-specific features like border-crossing checkpoints; and informational and coordination resources such as tour operating services and defined tourist routes. The paper explains basic terminology and key principles for formation and existence of TBRTCs. The authors start by explaining the unique characteristics of transborder tourism in Europe and in tourism-oriented formations called Euro-zones. A principal model of TBRTC is proposed, including the list of factors necessary for its formation, the key structural modules of a complex; and the causal connectivity map between these modules applied to different types of tourism. The concept of a TBRTC is illustrated using the example of the TBRTC forming in Bukovina-Bessarabia transborder region along part of Ukraine-Romania-Moldova border. This region offers multiple types of tourism activities, which translates into the emergence of a robust transborder tourism recreation complex that started forming in the late 1990s and continues to be shaped until this time.

scholarly journals Areal Phraseololgy as a Component of the Conceptual Perception of the World by Ukrainians

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
G. Dobroliozha ◽  
A. Pryimak
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
World View ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
South West ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Western Ukraine

The article describes the role of the areal phraseology in the study of conceptual perception of the world view by Ukrainians; different types of phraseology description and fixation are presented; it is dealt with the meaning of the areal phraseologisms in an all-Ukrainian phraseological formation. Several aspects in phraseology study and, in particular, the notion of the concept, which involves the unity of the form and content of phraseology, its close connection with the realities of the cultural, domestic, spiritual and religious life of Ukrainians are examined as well. Regional phraseologisms with the pan component, which operate on the territory of three Ukrainian dialects - south-western, northern and south-eastern are proposed. The article is concerned with polysemy, etymological versions of pan lexeme; the features of traditional and contemporary use of accost pan pani; the ideographic typical models with the pan component are shown; the frequency of using pan lexeme in various regions of Ukraine is noted as well. It is specially noted the analysis of numerous phraseologisms with pan, pani, panskyi component, which fixed in ''Etnografic collection. Galician-Russian folk-sayings'' by Ivan Franko. Appellative pan has been extremely popular, as the tradition of its use has not been interrupted for centuries on the territory of Western Ukraine. Lexeme pan is used there as a polysemic word: 'host', 'title', 'article to a name or specialty'. Phraseologisms, which characterize all the defects of the person's character (greed, anger, falsehood, laziness, cruelty, indifference, betrayal, etc.) are formed depending on the semantics of the headword. Ivan Franko used different- sourced and –structured phraseologisms, made some historical intelligence to explain the reasons of some expressions. Much attention and analysis is given to phonetic spelling of phraseological units, some fixation spelling features of expressions according to the west Ukrainian grammar standards. The analysis of the actual phraseological material permits to affirm, that the pan concept is extremely active used on the south-west Ukrainian language dialect territory and steadily extends to other language spans of our country; it becomes traditional everyday accost in communication between people; it is a specific ethno-cultural image, which is active in numerous proverbs, sayings, phraseological units, comparisons, carols and fairy tales.

scholarly journals Connectivity map of bipolar cells and photoreceptors in the mouse retina

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Behrens ◽  
Timm Schubert ◽  
Silke Haverkamp ◽  
Thomas Euler ◽  
Philipp Berens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Connectivity Map ◽  
Dendritic Field ◽  
Electron Microscopy Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

In the mouse retina, three different types of photoreceptors provide input to 14 bipolar cell (BC) types. Classically, most BC types are thought to contact all cones within their dendritic field; ON-BCs would contact cones exclusively via so-called invaginating synapses, while OFF-BCs would form basal synapses. By mining publically available electron microscopy data, we discovered interesting violations of these rules of outer retinal connectivity: ON-BC type X contacted only ~20% of the cones in its dendritic field and made mostly atypical non-invaginating contacts. Types 5T, 5O and 8 also contacted fewer cones than expected. In addition, we found that rod BCs received input from cones, providing anatomical evidence that rod and cone pathways are interconnected in both directions. This suggests that the organization of the outer plexiform layer is more complex than classically thought.

scholarly journals Connectivity map of bipolar cells and photoreceptors in the mouse retina

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Behrens ◽  
Timm Schubert ◽  
Silke Haverkamp ◽  
Thomas Euler ◽  
Philipp Berens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Connectivity Map ◽  
Dendritic Field ◽  
Electron Microscopy Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Data ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

AbstractVisual processing begins at the first synapse of the visual system. In the mouse retina, three different types of photoreceptors provide input to 14 bipolar cell (BC) types. Classically, most BC types are thought to contact all cones within their dendritic field; ON BCs would contact cones exclusively via so-called invaginating synapses, while OFF BCs would form basal synapses. By mining publically available electron microscopy data, we discovered interesting violations of these rules of outer retinal connectivity: ON BC type X contacted only ~20% of the cones in its dendritic field and made mostly atypical non-invaginating contacts. Types 5T, 5O and 8 also contacted fewer cones than expected. In addition, we found that rod BCs received input from cones, providing anatomical evidence that rod and cone pathways are interconnected in both directions. This suggests that the organization of the outer plexiform layer is more complex than classically thought.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

A New Defect in Polyethylene Single Crystals

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
E. L. Thomas ◽  
S. L. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Screw Dislocation ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Dipole Model ◽  
Dislocation Dipole ◽  
Chain Folding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Polymer Crystal ◽  
Different Types

In polyethylene single crystals pairs of black and white lines spaced 700-3,000Å apart, parallel to the [100] and [010] directions, have been identified as microsector boundaries. A microsector is formed when the plane of chain folding changes over a small distance within a polymer crystal. In order for the different types of folds to accommodate at the boundary between the 2 fold domains, a staggering along the chain direction and a rotation of the chains in the plane of the boundary occurs. The black-white contrast from a microsector boundary can be explained in terms of these chain rotations. We demonstrate that microsectors can terminate within the crystal and interpret the observed terminal strain contrast in terms of a screw dislocation dipole model.

Methionine-Specific Staining of Collagen

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
E.M. Kuhn ◽  
K.D. Marenus ◽  
M. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Fibers composed of different types of collagen cannot be differentiated by conventional electron microscopic stains. We are developing staining procedures aimed at identifying collagen fibers of different types.Pt(Gly-L-Met)Cl binds specifically to sulfur-containing amino acids. Different collagens have methionine (met) residues at somewhat different positions. A good correspondence has been reported between known met positions and Pt(GLM) bands in rat Type I SLS (collagen aggregates in which molecules lie adjacent to each other in exact register). We have confirmed this relationship in Type III collagen SLS (Fig. 1).

Identification of Asbestos Fibres in a Water Sample by X-Ray Microanalysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 274-275
Author(s):  
K. A. Brookes ◽  
D. Finbow ◽  
Madeleine Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Normal Specimen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling ◽  
Normal Transmission ◽  
Additional Port

Investigation of the particulate matter contained in the water sample, revealed the presence of a number of different types and certain of these were selected for analysis.An A.E.I. Corinth electron microscope was modified to accept a Kevex Si (Li) detector. To allow for existing instruments to be readily modified, this was kept to a minimum. An additional port is machined in the specimen region to accept the detector, with the liquid nitrogen cooling dewar conveniently housed in the left hand cupboard adjacent to the microscope column. Since background radiation leads to loss in the sensitivity of the instrument, great care has been taken to reduce this effect by screening and manufacturing components that are near the specimen from material of low atomic number. To change from normal transmission imaging to X-ray analysis, the special 4-position specimen rod is inserted through the normal specimen airlock.

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