Three-dimensional Recording by Femtosecond Pulses in Polymer Materials

The use of (bio)degradable polymers, especially in medical applications, requires a proper understanding of their properties and behavior in various environments. Structural elements made of such polymers may be exposed to changing environmental conditions, which may cause defects. That is why it is so important to determine the effect of processing conditions on polymer properties and also their subsequent behavior during degradation. This paper presents original research on a specimen’s damage during 70 days of hydrolytic degradation. During a standard hydrolytic degradation study of polylactide and polylactide/polyhydroxyalkanoate dumbbell-shaped specimens obtained by 3D printing with two different processing build directions, exhibited unexpected shrinkage phenomena in the last degradation series, representing approximately 50% of the length of the specimens irrespective of the printing direction. Therefore, the continuation of previous ex-ante research of advanced polymer materials is presented to identify any possible defects before they arise and to minimize the potential failures of novel polymer products during their use and also during degradation. Studies on the impact of a specific processing method, i.e., processing parameters and conditions, on the properties expressed in molar mass and thermal properties changes of specimens obtained by three-dimensional printing from polyester-based filaments, and in particular on the occurrence of unexpected shrinkage phenomena after post-processing heat treatment, are presented.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Specimen Size on the Determination of Residual Stress in Polymer Pipe Wall

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.141 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 627 ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Poduška ◽

Jaroslav Kučera ◽

Pavel Hutař ◽

Martin Ševčík ◽

J. Křivánek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Residual Stress ◽

Axial Stress ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Axial Direction ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Axial Residual Stress ◽

Axial Dimension ◽

Measured Deformation ◽

Different Dimensions

As a result of the production process, there are axial and tangential residual stresses present in pressure pipes made of polymer materials such as polyethylene or polypropylene. The residual stress magnitude and distribution have a significant influence on the pipe lifetime. In this contribution the results from experiments focused on determining the tangential residual stress distribution in the walls of polypropylene pipes of different dimensions are compared. The experimental method used involves measuring the deformation of ring shaped specimens that were slit in the axial direction. Measured deformation of the ring specimen is a result of the tangential and axial stress superposition. However, the effect of the axial residual stress depends on the specimen axial dimension and tangential residual stress estimated basing on experimental data should be corrected according to axial dimension of the specimen used. The correction suggested in this article is determined based on three-dimensional FEM simulations of the experiment.

Download Full-text

In SituMeasurement of Three-Dimensional Ion Densities in Focused Femtosecond Pulses

Physical Review Letters ◽

10.1103/physrevlett.100.023002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. Strohaber ◽

C. J. G. J. Uiterwaal

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Femtosecond Pulses

Download Full-text

Three-Dimensional Observations of Polymer Materials by Electron Tomography

NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI ◽

10.2324/gomu.76.381 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 381-383

Author(s):

Hironari Sano

Keyword(s):

Electron Tomography ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymer Materials

Download Full-text

3D Printing and Shaping Polymers, Composites, and Nanocomposites: A Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14010180 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

M. N. M. Azlin ◽

R. A. Ilyas ◽

M. Y. M. Zuhri ◽

S. M. Sapuan ◽

M. M. Harussani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Historical Development ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Printing Technology ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

3D Printing Technology ◽

Sustainable Technologies ◽

Bright Future ◽

Dimensional Printing

Sustainable technologies are vital due to the efforts of researchers and investors who have allocated significant amounts of money and time to their development. Nowadays, 3D printing has been accepted by the main industry players, since its first establishment almost 30 years ago. It is obvious that almost every industry is related to technology, which proves that technology has a bright future. Many studies have shown that technologies have changed the methods for developing particular products. Three-dimensional printing has evolved tremendously, and currently, many new types of 3D printing machines have been introduced. In this paper, we describe the historical development of 3D printing technology including its process, types of printing, and applications on polymer materials.

Download Full-text

Novel Antibacterial Modification of Polycarbonate for Increment Prototyping in Medicine

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14164725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (16) ◽

pp. 4725

Author(s):

Tomasz Flak ◽

Ewa Trejnowska ◽

Szymon Skoczyński ◽

Jadwiga Gabor ◽

Beata Swinarew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Entire Volume ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Biofilm Development

In the era of modern medicine, the number of invasive treatments increases. Artificial devices used in medicine are associated with an increased risk of secondary infections. Bacterial biofilm development observed on the implanted surface is challenging to treat, primarily due to low antibiotics penetration. In our study, the preparation of a new polycarbonate composite, filled with nanosilver, nanosilica and rhodamine B derivative, suitable for three-dimensional printing, is described. Polymer materials with antimicrobial properties are known. However, in most cases, protection is limited to the outer layers only. The newly developed materials are protected in their entire volume. Moreover, the antibacterial properties are retained after multiple high-temperature processing were performed, allowing them to be used in 3D printing. Bacterial population reduction was observed, which gives an assumption for those materials to be clinically tested in the production of various medical devices and for the reduction of morbidity and mortality caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Download Full-text

Photomobile polymer materials—various three-dimensional movements

Journal of Materials Chemistry ◽

10.1039/b815289f ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 60-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 300

Author(s):

Munenori Yamada ◽

Mizuho Kondo ◽

Ryo Miyasato ◽

Yumiko Naka ◽

Jun-ichi Mamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymer Materials

Download Full-text

Cell Direct Assembly Technology Adopting Hybrid of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2986 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 189-193 ◽

pp. 2986-2992 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hai Xia Liu ◽

Sheng Jie Li ◽

Yong Nian Yan

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymer Materials ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Forming Process ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Transition Mechanism ◽

Direct Assembly ◽

Assembly Technology ◽

Sol Gel Transition

Through analyzing cell direct assembly process requirements and existing hydrogel materials properties, employing the discrete/deposit rapid prototyping technique, developed a cell direct assembly technology adopting the hybrid of gelatin-based hydrogels. The cell assembly technology skillfully combined with the sol/gel transition mechanism about chemical and physical crosslink of gelatin-based hydrogels, in consideration of the main forming factors, through controlling the extruded materials rheological properties and optimizing the forming process, thereby achieved a promising assembling process with high cell survival rate and its corresponding biological viability. The technology can form a predefined three-dimensional structure with certain shape and size, suitable for variety of natural polymer materials (the most similar with extracellular matrix, such as fibrin, sodium alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid) with gelatin coupling forming; therefore, it satisfied majority cells needs of choosing the gelatin-based composite hydrogels reasonably. With the limitative extrusion pressure, more than 90% of the cells survived through this process and performed metabolic functions during a long term culture. This technology is a front research of biotechnology manufacturing science, is an important expansion of manufacturing technology.

Download Full-text