scholarly journals Water quality and emission rates of greenhouse gases in a treatment reedbed

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Soosaar ◽  
M. Maddison ◽  
Ü. Mander
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Emission Rates

scholarly journals Impact of Methane Oxidation in Tropical Reservoirs on Greenhouse Gases Fluxes and Water Quality

2005 ◽  
pp. 529-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Richard ◽  
Philippe Gosse ◽  
Alain Grégoire ◽  
Robert Delmas ◽  
Corinne Galy-Lacaux
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Tropical Reservoirs

Study on Life-Cycle Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gases Emission of Battery Electric Passenger Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Qiang Lu ◽  
Zheng Shen ◽  
Yaokun Yang ◽  
Yunlin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Production Stage ◽  
Vehicle Production

Based on the localized data of environmental load, this study has established the life cycle assessment (LCA) model of battery electric passenger vehicle (BEPV) that be produced and used in China, and has evaluated the energy consumption and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission during vehicle production and operation. The results show that the total energy consumption and GHG emissions are 438GJ and 37,100kg (in terms of CO2 equivalent) respectively. The share of GHG emissions in total emissions at the production stage is 24.6%, and 75.4% GHG emissions are contributed by the operational stage. The main source of energy consumption and GHG emissions at vehicle production stage is the extraction and processing of raw materials. The GHG emissions of raw materials production accounts for 75.0% in the GHG emissions of vehicle production and 18.0% in the GHG emissions of full life cycle. The scenario analysis shows that the application of recyclable materials, power grid GHG emission rates and vehicle energy consumption rates have significant influence on the carbon emissions in the life cycle of vehicle. Replacing primary metals with recycled metals can reduce GHG emissions of vehicle production by about 7.3%, and total GHG emissions can be reduced by about 1.8%. For every 1% decrease in GHG emissions per unit of electricity, the GHG emissions of operation stage will decrease by about 0.9%; for every 1.0% decrease in vehicle energy consumption rate, the total GHG emissions decrease by about 0.8%. Therefore, developing clean energy, reducing the proportion of coal power, optimizing the production of raw materials and increasing the application of recyclable materials are effective ways to improve the environmental performance of BEPV.

scholarly journals Uncertainties in the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emission inventory of greenhouse gases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 5655-5683
Author(s):  
Efisio Solazzo ◽  
Monica Crippa ◽  
Diego Guizzardi ◽  
Marilena Muntean ◽  
Margarita Choulga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) estimates the human-induced emission rates on Earth. EDGAR collaborates with atmospheric modelling activities and aids policy in the design of mitigation strategies and in evaluating their effectiveness. In these applications, the uncertainty estimate is an essential component, as it quantifies the accuracy and qualifies the level of confidence in the emission. This study complements the EDGAR emissions inventory by providing an estimation of the structural uncertainty stemming from its base components (activity data, AD, statistics and emission factors, EFs) by (i) associating uncertainty to each AD and EF characterizing the emissions of the three main greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O); (ii) combining them; and (iii) making assumptions regarding the cross-country uncertainty aggregation of source categories. It was deemed a natural choice to obtain the uncertainties in EFs and AD statistics from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines issued in 2006 (with a few exceptions), as the EF and AD sources and methodological aspects used by EDGAR have been built over the years based on the IPCC recommendations, which assured consistency in time and comparability across countries. On the one hand, the homogeneity of the method is one of the key strengths of EDGAR, on the other hand, it facilitates the propagation of uncertainties when similar emission sources are aggregated. For this reason, this study aims primarily at addressing the aggregation of uncertainties' sectorial emissions across GHGs and countries. Globally, we find that the anthropogenic emissions covered by EDGAR for the combined three main GHGs for the year 2015 are accurate within an interval of −15 % to +20 % (defining the 95 % confidence of a log-normal distribution). The most uncertain emissions are those related to N2O from waste and agriculture, while CO2 emissions, although responsible for 74 % of the total GHG emissions, account for approximately 11 % of global uncertainty share. The sensitivity to methodological choices is also discussed.

Cold-season nitrous oxide dynamics in a drained boreal peatland differ depending on land-use practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Maljanen ◽  
Jyrki Hytönen ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Top Soil

Drained peat soils are important sources of greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases are produced in soil and they can be emitted year-round. We measured N2O and CH4 flux rates and total respiration (RTOT) over a year from a drained peatland with one subsite as a grass field and another forested. The field acted annually as a small source (0.36 ± 0.73 kg C·ha–1) and the forest as a sink (–1.93 ± 0.50 kg C·ha–1) for CH4. Mean annual RTOT rates were 660 and 297 mg·m–2·h–1 in the field and in the forest, respectively. Annual N2O emission rates were 34.8 ± 2.4 kg N·ha–1 from the field and 25.5 ± 5.5 kg N·ha–1 from the forest. More than 80% of the annual N2O emissions took place during winter. In the field, high emissions were detected during thawing in April when N2O accumulated in soil during the winter was released. In the forest, N2O emissions peaked when the top soil was freezing in January and accumulation of N2O in soil was less than in the field. The timing of the episodic high N2O emissions thus differed depending on the land use.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Development of Equations for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emisions from the Son La Hydropower Reservoir

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Thế Nguyên ◽  
Phạm Văn Hoàng ◽  
Nguyễn Mạnh Khải
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir

: Emissions of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and CH4 from artificial reservoirs, especially wide lakes in the tropics as the Son La hydropower reservoir, are leading to global warming. CO2 and CH4 gases in hydropower reservoirs are caused by the decomposition of organic matter in the lakes. In this study, regression analysis was used for estimating the relationships among water quality parameters measured at the Son La hydropower reservoir and the fluxes of greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir. The regression analysis was also applied to develop regression equations predicting emissions of greenhouse gases from the lake. Results of study showed that the CO2 emission from the Son La hydropower reservoir could be predictable from several water quality parameters of which 4 main factors are temperature, DO, alkalinity andpH. The amount of CH4 emission from the Son La hydropower reservoir has solid relationships with 3 main factors, including temperature, COD and pH. The regression equations predicting CO2 and CH4 with the correlation coefficient of 0.93 and 0.92 have been tested with real data and gave the good results. Since, they could be introduced in reality.

scholarly journals Quantification of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from waste disposal sites near the city of Madrid using ground- and space-based observations of COCCON, TROPOMI and IASI

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-317
Author(s):  
Qiansi Tu ◽  
Frank Hase ◽  
Matthias Schneider ◽  
Omaira García ◽  
Thomas Blumenstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Ch4 Emission ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Wind Regimes ◽  
The One ◽  
Emission Strength

Abstract. The objective of this study is to derive methane (CH4) emissions from three landfills, which are found to be the most significant CH4 sources in the metropolitan area of Madrid in Spain. We derive CH4 emissions from the CH4 enhancements observed by spaceborne and ground-based instruments. We apply satellite-based measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) together with measurements from the ground-based COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) instruments. In 2018, a 2-week field campaign for measuring the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases was performed in Madrid in the framework of Monitoring of the Greenhouse Gases Concentrations in Madrid (MEGEI-MAD) project. Five COCCON instruments were deployed at different locations around the Madrid city center, enabling the observation of total column-averaged CH4 mixing ratios (XCH4). Considering the prevalent wind regimes, we calculate the wind-assigned XCH4 anomalies for two opposite wind directions. Pronounced bipolar plumes are found when applying the method to NO2, which implies that our method of wind-assigned anomaly is suitable to estimate enhancements of trace gases at the urban level from satellite-based measurements. For quantifying the CH4 emissions, the wind-assigned plume method is applied to the TROPOMI XCH4 and to the lower tropospheric CH4 / dry-air column ratio (TXCH4) of the combined TROPOMI+IASI product. As CH4 emission strength we estimate 7.4 × 1025 ± 6.4 × 1024 molec. s−1 from the TROPOMI XCH4 data and 7.1 × 1025 ± 1.0 × 1025 molec. s−1 from the TROPOMI+IASI merged TXCH4 data. We use COCCON observations to estimate the local source strength as an independent method. COCCON observations indicate a weaker CH4 emission strength of 3.7 × 1025 molec. s−1 from a local source (the Valdemingómez waste plant) based on observations from a single day. This strength is lower than the one derived from the satellite observations, and it is a plausible result. This is because the analysis of the satellite data refers to a larger area, covering further emission sources in the study region, whereas the signal observed by COCCON is generated by a nearby local source. All emission rates estimated from the different observations are significantly larger than the emission rates provided via the official Spanish Register of Emissions and Pollutant Sources.

Multi-location measurements of greenhouse gases and emission rates of methane and ammonia from a naturally-ventilated barn for dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Ngwabie ◽  
K.-H. Jeppsson ◽  
S. Nimmermark ◽  
C. Swensson ◽  
G. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Emission Rates
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