scholarly journals A Multi-player Game for Studying Federated Learning Incentive Schemes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Loon Ng ◽  
Zichen Chen ◽  
Zelei Liu ◽  
Han Yu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Data ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Local Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Incentive Mechanism Design

Federated Learning (FL) enables participants to "share'' their sensitive local data in a privacy preserving manner and collaboratively build machine learning models. In order to sustain long-term participation by high quality data owners (especially if they are businesses), FL systems need to provide suitable incentives. To design an effective incentive scheme, it is important to understand how FL participants respond under such schemes. This paper proposes FedGame, a multi-player game to study how FL participants make action selection decisions under different incentive schemes. It allows human players to role-play under various conditions. The decision-making processes can be analyzed and visualized to inform FL incentive mechanism design in the future.

scholarly journals Population of Puerto Rico not displaced by Hurricanes (for now): It’s the economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kaneshiro ◽  
Collin McCarter ◽  
Mario Marazzi ◽  
Alexis R Santos-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Employment Trends

In September 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall on Puerto Rico and caused 102 billion worth of damages, demolishing the electric grid and severely affecting essential daily services that continued as of the second half of 2019. Amidst the chaos, analysts were expected to provide stakeholders with impact estimates immediately following the hurricane. Unfortunately, this strong need for fast information after the disaster coincided with limited options for high-quality data sources to help stakeholders address challenges such as resource allocation and bond-pricing. Given the stabilization of data sources since the hurricanes, this paper examines historical demographic and economic data to give a long-term view of population change in Puerto Rico. First, we juxtapose population, employment, hurricanes and significant economic events to make the argument that the clearest driver of population decline in Puerto Rico is simply the economic health of the island (i.e. employment). Second, we focus on Pre- and Post-Hurricane Irma/Maria migration estimates to highlight the spike in outmigration following the hurricanes, as well as the, return immigration in the first half of the first half of 2018. Finally, we study historical net outmigration and employment trends to illustrate the short-lived outmigration impacts of hurricanes while also highlighting the long-term outmigration impacts of economic downturns. In short, we argue that the primary reason people are leaving Puerto Rico is the struggling economy and not hurricane-related destruction. The hurricanes simply exacerbated the economic-related outmigration trends and we believe that any serious plans for Puerto Rico’s restoration must include special attention to stimulate the economy.

scholarly journals The Morrison Formation sauropod consensus: A freely accessible online spreadsheet of collected sauropod specimens, their housing institutions, contents, references, localities, and other potentially useful information

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Tschopp ◽  
John A. Whitlock ◽  
D. Cary Woodruff ◽  
John R. Foster ◽  
Roberto Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Sheer Number

The Morrison Formation has been explored for dinosaurs for more than 150 years, in particular for large sauropod skeletons to be mounted in museum exhibits around the world. Several long-term campaigns to the Jurassic West of the United States produced hundreds of specimens, ranging from isolated, fragmentary bones to nearly complete skeletons of these enormous herbivorous animals. Given the sheer number of specimens, keeping track of what is housed in which institution is paramount to study variability, taxonomy, and consequently geographic and temporal distribution of the various species and genera recognized from the Morrison Formation. In an attempt to facilitate these studies, we have compiled an online spreadsheet intended to combine all the available information on sauropod specimens from collection databases, published literature, and personal observations. These include lists of contents of the specimens, in what institution the material is housed, references mentioning, describing, figuring, providing measurements and/or 3D scans, locality data and stratigraphy, as well as other potentially useful data for research purposes. The spreadsheet is openly accessible, but editing is currently restricted to the authors of this study, in order to ensure high-quality data curation to keep the file as useful as possible.

Understanding Actinides through the Role of 5f Electrons

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gouder ◽  
F. Wastin ◽  
J. Rebizant ◽  
G.H. Lander
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
5F Electrons ◽  
Term Storage

Studies of the actinide elements and compounds were (and are) motivated by the need to characterize their structural and thermodynamic properties for the development of nuclear fuels and the treatment of waste, whether it be for long-term storage or ideas involving transmutation in high-powered accelerators. For the most part, tables giving these data exist, although the data for transuranium compounds are rather sparse. A much more difficult task is to understand the data and develop theories that have predictive power in this part of the periodic table. In doing this, however, we are confronted with the extremely complicated electronic structure of the 5f shell and the great paucity of high-quality data on materials containing transuranium isotopes.

Continuity between pre- and post-demographic transition populations with respect to grandparental investment

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad R. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Grandparental Investment

AbstractThis commentary suggests that there is more continuity in pre- and post-demographic transition populations with respect to grandparental investments than is assumed by Coall & Hertwig (C&H). Recent research employing high-quality data supports the claim that sex-biased grandparental investments are likely to exist in industrialized societies, and that the economic status of grandparents is related to their long-term fitness.

scholarly journals The Morrison Formation Sauropod Consensus: A freely accessible online spreadsheet of collected sauropod specimens, their housing institutions, contents, references, localities, and other potentially useful information

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Tschopp ◽  
John A. Whitlock ◽  
D. Cary Woodruff ◽  
John R. Foster ◽  
Roberto Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Morrison Formation ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
3D Scans ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Sheer Number

The Morrison Formation has been explored for dinosaurs for more than 150 years, often specifically for large sauropod skeletons curators wanted to mount as attractions in their museum exhibits around the world. Several long-term campaigns to the Jurassic West of the United States produced hundreds of specimens, ranging from isolated, fragmentary bones to nearly complete skeletons of these enormous herbivorous animals. Given the sheer number of specimens, keeping track of what is housed in which institution is paramount to study variability, taxonomy, and consequently geographic and temporal distribution of the various species and genera recognized from the Morrison Formation. In an attempt to facilitate these studies, we have compiled an online spreadsheet intended to combine all the available information on sauropod specimens from collection databases, published literature, and personal observations. These include lists of contents of the specimens, in what institution the material is housed, references mentioning, describing, figuring, providing measurements and/or 3D scans, locality data and stratigraphy, as well as other potentially useful data for research purposes. The spreadsheet is openly accessible, but editing is currently restricted to the authors of this study, in order to ensure high-quality data curation to keep the file as useful as possible.

scholarly journals Trends in indices for extremes in daily air temperature over Utah, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antonio Costa dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
United State ◽  
The World ◽  
Extreme Indices

The main objective of this study was to obtain analysis of the trends in eleven annual extreme indices of temperature for Utah, United State of America (USA). The analyses have been obtained for 28 meteorological stations, in general, for the period of 1930 to 2006, characterizing a long-term period and with high quality data. The software used to process the data was the RClimdex 1.0. The analysis has identified that the temperature increased in Utah during the last century, evidencing the importance of the ongoing research on climate change in many parts of the world.

scholarly journals An Initial Framework for Understanding the Resilience of Aquifers to Groundwater Pumping

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
África de la Hera-Portillo ◽  
Julio López-Gutiérrez ◽  
Beatriz Mayor ◽  
Elena López-Gunn ◽  
Hans Jørgen Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Qualitative Responses ◽  
Management Alternatives

Groundwater stored in aquifers experiences a wide variety of natural, induced and/or anthropogenic disturbances. Among them, groundwater extraction is the main disturbance that affects most of the aquifers in the world. Aquifer’s resilience, understood as the potential of the aquifer to sustain disturbances on the long term and to guarantee essential qualities and functions, provides a key tool when assessing sustainable groundwater management alternatives. The aim of this work is to illustrate an aquifer resilience framework that can support groundwater sustainable management. A theoretical framework is based on the identification of the key variables that parameterize the quantitative and qualitative responses of the groundwater flow system to pumping. An example from the literature based in Denmark is provided as an illustration of the proposed framework. The results show that long-term high quality data are essential to make a step further in aquifers dynamic responses. The quantitative understanding of the aquifer’s behavior before, during and after groundwater extraction provides a valuable source of information in order to identify thresholds of change (tipping points, transitions or regime shifts) which could permit pro-active groundwater management decisions. Moreover, a deeper understanding on the aquifer’s dynamics provides useful information in order to avert threats that may put the sustainability of the system at risk.

Is It Really Mandatory to Harvest the Contralateral Saphenous Vein for Use in Repair of Traumatic Injuries?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P. Reddy ◽  
Vincent L. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Vascular Reconstruction ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Traumatic Injuries

Since the transition time in surgical technique of vascular repair to current civilian practice, the great saphenous vein (GSV) remains unarguably the preferred conduit for surgical reconstruction in the lower extremity. With qualities such as accessibility, expendability, and long-term durability, it is easy to understand the enthusiasm with using the GSV in arterial or venous vascular injuries. However, the question does arise whether these detailed benefits of the GSV warrant harvest from an uninjured limb for vascular reconstruction on an injured limb. For those ardent followers of surgical dogma, harvest of contralateral vein from the uninjured lower extremity traumatic vascular repair is mandated. Unfortunately, this principle is not supported by high-quality data and remains folklore at best.

Anti-Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) therapy for Crohn’s disease: an overview and update

2020 ◽  
pp. flgastro-2020-101471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailish Honap ◽  
Emma Johnston ◽  
Gaurav Agrawal ◽  
Bahij Al-Hakim ◽  
John Hermon-Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Quality Data

The role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD) has been strongly debated for many years. MAP is the known aetiological agent of Johne’s disease, a chronic enteritis affecting livestock. At present, due to the paucity of high-quality data, anti-MAP therapy (AMT) is not featured in international guidelines as a treatment for CD. Although the much-quoted randomised trial of AMT did not show sustained benefits over placebo, questions have been raised regarding trial design, antibiotic dosing and the formulation used. There are several lines of evidence supporting the CD and MAP association with uncontrolled and controlled trials demonstrating effectiveness, including a retrospective review of cases treated at our own institution. Here, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting and refuting AMT in CD before focussing on updates of the current research in the field, including the ongoing trials with the novel RHB-104 formulation and the MAP vaccine trial. While controversial, gastroenterologists are often asked about long-term combination antibiotic therapy for CD. There has been broadcast and social media coverage surrounding this, particularly with regard to current trials. Although patients should not be deterred from treatments of proven effectiveness, this review aims to help with commonly asked questions and highlights our own approach for the use of anti-MAP in specific circumstances.

scholarly journals Data flow of spectral UV measurements at Sodankylä and Jokioinen

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakke Sakari Mäkelä ◽  
Kaisa Lakkala ◽  
Tapani Koskela ◽  
Tomi Karppinen ◽  
Juha Matti Karhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Flow ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Solar Uv

Abstract. The data flow involved in a long-term continuous solar spectral UV irradiance monitoring program is investigated and structured to provide an overall view on the multiphase process from data acquisition to the final products. The program employing Brewer spectrophotometers as measuring instruments is maintained by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) ever since the 1990s at two sites in Finland: Sodankylä (67° N) and Jokioinen (61° N). It is built upon rigorous operation routines, processing procedures, and tools for quality control (QC) and quality analysis (QA) under continuous development and evaluation. Three distinct levels of data emerge, each after certain phase in the data flow: Level 0 denoting raw data, Level 1 meaning calibrated data processed in near-real time, and Level 2 comprising of postprocessed data corrected for all distinguishable errors and known inaccuracies. The final products disseminated to the users are demonstrated to result from a process with a multitude of separate steps, each required in the production of high-quality data on solar UV radiation at the Earth's surface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document