scholarly journals Monitoring the Change of Water Level and Its Effect on Water Quality in Sawa Lake, Southwest Iraq

2019 ◽  
pp. 2177-2185
Author(s):  
Muhand. K. Al-Tememi ◽  
Walaa. M. Al-Mosawi ◽  
Zuhair Ali Abdulnabi
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Dammam Aquifer ◽  
Closed Water ◽  
Salinity Water

Sawa Lake is considered one of the distinct closed water systems located in the southwestern part of Iraq. In last years, the lake has suffered from a significant decrease in the water depth reached 1.5 m, thus the current study aims to monitor and analyse the change in water level, and identify causes and effect of this change on the lake hydrochemical properties by using analyzing cations and anions with the assistance of sub bottom profilers technique as well as obtained information from scientific diving.      The results revealed that the lake had an equilibrium state between feed up and withdrawal water as well as evaporation during history.  In spite of the high evaporation rates in the region, this equilibrium state made the lake doesn't dry up completely or become as a high salinity water system as brine lakes or as the Dead sea system. The equilibrium state is due to recycling and washing process of salt water by filtration and leakage under the bottom of the lake through the recharge site, so, there is a replacement of water,  the decreasing  in the lake level is not only attributed to evaporation factor, the main reason for this decreasing resulted in reducing the supply of  Dammam aquifer, which is considered the main water supply effecting of the lake.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Geovana Ferreira Goes ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Samuel de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Francisco Barroso da Silva Júnior ◽  
Emanuel D'Araújo Ribeiro de Ceita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
E Mail

PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO AMENDOIM SOB DIFERENTES SUPRESSÕES DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA     GEOVANA FERREIRA GOES1; GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2; SAMUEL DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS1; FRANCISCO BARROSO DA SILVA JUNIOR3; EMANUEL D’ ARAÚJO RIBEIRO DE CEITA4 E KELLY NASCIMENTO LEITE5   1 Graduandos no curso de Agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2 Prof. Doutor, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail:[email protected]. 3Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Avenida Mister Hull, 2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil) Email: [email protected]. 4Mestrando pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (Rua: Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, SN, 14.004-900, Jaboticabal/SP, Brasil)  E-mail: [email protected]. 5Prof. Doutora, Centro Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta (Rua Estrada da Canela Fina, KM 12 Gleba Formoso - São Francisco, 69.895-000, Cruzeiro do Sul/AC). E-mail: [email protected].     1 RESUMO   O déficit hídrico associada ao estresse salino afetam a produtividade das culturas agrícolas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade da cultura de amendoim irrigado com água de baixa e alta salinidade submetida a diferentes intervalos de supressão. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, no período de agosto a outubro de 2019 na Fazenda Experimental de Piroás, Redenção-CE. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial, sendo o primeiro fator a salinidade das águas de irrigação (1,0 e 4,0 dS m-¹) e o segundo fator, quatro intervalos de supressões (IS1= 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 a 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 a 85 DAS e IS4 = sem intervalos de supressão), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número, massa, comprimento e diâmetro de vagem e a produtividade. O tratamento sem intervalo de supressão hídrica associado a água de menor salinidade proporcionam maior número e diâmetro de vagem.  A água de maior salinidade afeta a massa e comprimento de vagem. A utilização da água de maior ou menor salinidade sem intervalo de supressão da irrigação proporciona maior produtividade da cultura do amendoim.   PALAVRAS CHAVES: Arachis hypogaea L., déficit hídrico, estresse salino     GOES, G. F.; SOUSA, G. G.; SANTOS, S. O.; SILVA JUNIOR, F. B.; CEITA, E. A. R.; LEITE, K. N.PEANUT CULTURE YIELD UNDER DIFFERENT SALT WATER IRRIGATION SUPPRESSIONS    2 ABSTRACT  The water deficit associated with salt stress affects the productivity of agricultural crops. The objective was to evaluate the productivity of peanut culture irrigated with low and high salinity water submitted to different suppression intervals. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, from August to October 2019 at the Experimental Farm of Piroás, Redenção-CE. The experimental design used for the randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement, with the first factor is the salinity of the irrigation water (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-¹) and the second factor, four suppression intervals (IS1 = 40 a 55 DAS; IS2 = 55 to 70 DAS; IS3 = 70 to 85 DAS and IS4 = without suppression intervals), with four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: number, mass, pod length and diameter and yield. Treatment without water suppression interval associated with less saline water provides a greater number and diameter of pods. Higher salinity water affects pod mass and length. The use of water of greater or lesser salinity without interval of suppression of irrigation offers the highest yield of the peanut culture.  Keywords: Arachis hypogaea L., water déficit, saline stress.

scholarly journals Irrigative assessment of Sasyk water quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
S.M. Urasov ◽  
V.A. Kuzmyna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Mineralized Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The One ◽  
The Village ◽  
Water Assessment

The transformation of the salt-water liman Sasyk into a fresh water reservoir through its separation from the sea by a dam and connection with the Danube by a canal caused certain ecological problems. One of them was that during the first decades the expected water irrigation conditions were not achieved because of salt infiltration from the bottom sediments. Use of high-salinity water led to soil salinization. As a result, Sasyk ceased to be considered as an object for irrigation purposes. At present, the process of Sasyk water quality formation stabilized and the need for land irrigation is still of great importance. The authors of the researches devoted to solving the environmental problems of Sasyk classify the irrigation properties of water as average and maximum values of mineralization. However, these properties can change significantly over the year and therefore the water may belong to different irrigation categories (classes). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the irrigation properties of Sasyk water and their variability based on the hydrochemical observations conducted near the village of Trapivka, at base pumping station GNS-2 during warm periods of a year from 2007 to 2017. The article presents an overview of different methods of irrigative water assessment and a detailed typification of the irrigative water using the water typification suggested by Aliokin O.A. The research includes the evaluation of the Sasyk water quality as per the studied methods. The authors discovered the fact that mineralization of Sasyk water during a warm period is within the 1-3 g/dm3 range in 90-95% of cases under study and only in 5-10% of those its value is less than 1 g/dm3. The ratio of main ions in Sasyk water may be of the following subtypes: IIa (30%), IIb (50%), ІІIb (10%) and ІІIc (10%). The mineral composition is mainly represented by the toxic salts such as NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4. Their content in the water does not exceed 2.0 g/dm3. Among the toxic salts NaCl is the one that prevails. Under normal conditions the mineralization of the water and the content of sodium and magnesium ions in Sasyk contribute to salinization and soil alkalinization. To provide safe irrigation of all types of soil using the water from Sasyk its chemical melioration and dilution with low-mineralized water is required. At present, the irrigative properties of Sasyk water (mineralization, composition of toxic salts and their concentration) allow its use of for irrigation of light, permeant and drained soils.

Monthly Water Exchange through the Ryukyu Islands Revealed by Salinity Structural Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2335-2339
Author(s):  
Ya Pan Liu ◽  
Jian Cheng Kang ◽  
Jiong Zhu ◽  
Qin Chen Han
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
World Ocean Atlas

Using salinity database of World Ocean Atlas 2009 (WOA09) issued by NOAA in 2010, refer the range of high-salinity tongue to indicate the strength about high-salinity water, from the perspective of structural changes of salinity; the water exchange through Ryukyu Islands upper 500 m have been analyzed, the results show that: due to Ryukyu Trough, currents on both sides of Ryukyu Islands occur exchange, for upper 500 m, high-salinity water in east of the Ryukyu Islands mainly invade the west waterthe Kuroshio in East China Sea; the intrusion strength is powerful from the depth of 100 m to 200 m, and the 150 m layer is the core layer of high-salinity water intrusion; the high-salinity water at the east of Ryukyu Islands invades the Kuroshio are stronger in March, May, June, September, October and November, are weaker in April and December.

scholarly journals Quaternary Diffusion Coefficients in a Protein−Polymer−Salt−Water System Determined by Rayleigh Interferometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (40) ◽  
pp. 13446-13453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onofrio Annunziata ◽  
Alessandro Vergara ◽  
Luigi Paduano ◽  
Roberto Sartorio ◽  
Donald G. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Protein Polymer ◽  
Rayleigh Interferometry

Regeneration and Reuse of Salt-tolerant Zwitterionic Polymer Fluids by Simple Salt/water System

2022 ◽  
pp. 128203
Author(s):  
Yinuo Li ◽  
Tingting Wei ◽  
Long Chen ◽  
Kaixiang Wang ◽  
Yulin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Polymer Fluids ◽  
Zwitterionic Polymer

An assessment of the Dead Sea level change using remotely sensed data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musab Mbideen ◽  
Balázs Székely
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
The Dead

<p>Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) instruments have spread rapidly in recent years to manage natural resources and monitor environmental changes. Remote sensing has a vast range of applications; one of them is lakes monitoring. The Dead Sea (DS) is subjected to very strong evaporation processes, leading to a remarkable shrinkage of its water level. The DS is being dried out due to a negative balance in its hydrological cycle during the last five decades. This research aims to study the spatial changes in the DS throughout the previous 48 years. Change detection technique has been performed to detect this change over the research period (1972-2020). 73 Landsat imageries have been used from four digital sensors; Landsat 1-5 MSS C1 Level-1, Landsat 4-5 TM C1 Level-1, Land sat 7 ETM+ C1  Level-1, and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS C1 Level. After following certain selection criteria , the number of studied images decreased. Furthermore, the Digital Surface Model of the Space Shuttle Radar Topography Mission and a bathymetric map of the Dead Sea were used. The collected satellite imageries were pre-processed and normalized using ENVI 5.3 software by converting the Digital Number (DN) to spectral radiance, the spectral radiance was converted to apparent reflectance, atmospheric effects were removed, and finally, the black gaps were removed. It was important to distinguish between the DS lake and the surrounding area in order to have accurate results, this was done by performing classification techniques. The digital terrain model of the DS was used in ArcGIS (3D) to reconstruct the elevation of the shore lines. This model generated equations to detect the water level, surface area, and water volume of the DS. The results were compared to the bathymetric data as well. The research shows that the DS water level declined 65 m (1.35 m/a) in the studied period. The surface area and the water volume declined by 363.56 km<sup>2 </sup>(7.57 km<sup>2</sup>/a) and 53.56 km<sup>3</sup> (1.11 km<sup>3</sup>/a), respectively. The research also concluded that due to the bathymetry of the DS, the direction of this shrinkage is from the south to the north. We hypothesize that anthropogenic effects have contributed in the shrinkage of the DS more than the climate. The use of the DS water by both Israel and Jordan for industrial purposes is the main factor impacting the DS, another factor is the diversion of the Jordan and Yarmouk rivers. Our results also allow to give a prediction for the near future of the DS: the water level is expected to reach –445 m in 2050, while the surface area and the water volume is expected to be 455 km<sup>2</sup> and 142 km<sup>3</sup>, respectively. </p>

scholarly journals Mesoscale eddies and submesoscale structures of Persian Gulf Water off the Omani coast in spring 2011

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre L'Hégaret ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Stephanie Louazel ◽  
Guillaume Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Strait Of Hormuz ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Of Oman

Abstract. The Persian Gulf produces high-salinity water (Persian Gulf Water, PGW hereafter), which flows into the Sea of Oman via the Strait of Hormuz. Beyond the Strait of Hormuz, the PGW cascades down the continental slope and spreads in the Sea of Oman under the influence of the energetic mesoscale eddies. The PGW outflow has different thermohaline characteristics and pathways, depending on the season. In spring 2011, the Phys-Indien experiment was carried out in the Arabian Sea and in the Sea of Oman. The Phys-Indien 2011 measurements, as well as satellite observations, are used here to characterize the circulation induced by the eddy field and its impact on the PGW pathway and evolution. During the spring intermonsoon, an anticyclonic eddy is often observed at the mouth of the Sea of Oman. It creates a front between the eastern and western parts of the basin. This structure was observed in 2011 during the Phys-Indien experiment. Two energetic eddies were also present along the southern Omani coast in the Arabian Sea. At their peripheries, ribbons of freshwater and cold water were found due to the stirring created by the eddies. The PGW characteristics are strongly influenced by these eddies. In the western Sea of Oman, in 2011, the PGW was fragmented into filaments and submesoscale eddies. It also recirculated locally, thus creating salty layers with different densities. In the Arabian Sea, a highly saline submesoscale lens was recorded offshore. Its characteristics are analyzed here and possible origins are proposed. The recurrence of such lenses in the Arabian Sea is also briefly examined.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the potential for mangrove oyster cultivation in Piraquê-açu river estuary (Aracruz, ES)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Alvarenga ◽  
Rosebel Cunha Nalesso
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Shell Height ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
High Predation ◽  
Fouling Organisms ◽  
Oyster Cultivation

At Piraquê-açu river estuary, Aracruz, ES, the technical viability of Crassostrea rhizophorae cultivation was determined through monthly measures in shell length and weight. Seeds of C. rhizophorae were put in cages and suspended in rafts. Increase in height and weight (flesh and dry) of the oysters was measured. During ten months (July/98 to May/99), oyster shell reached an average of 37.6 mm in shell height and 3.0 g in flesh weight (the whole animal). High mortality rates were registered and could be related to the high salinity water and to high predation observed, especially by flatworms Stylochophana divae and snails Cymatium parthenopeum, as well as fouling organisms such as barnacles, Serpulidae polychaetes and seed of the same species.

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