Impact of Geological Structures on Rock Slope Stability in The NW Nose (Plunge ) of Surdash Anticline, Sulaimaniya/ NE Iraq

The road network in Surdash anticline is considered as an important road network connecting lower Dukan town with the touristic upper Dukan town. Dukan lake plays an important role in the social and economic activities of Dukan town and the surrounding areas.For assessing the stability of the rock slopes in the area, 9 stations were selected along the upper Dukan road on both sides of Surdash anticline, and their stability was evaluated by the kinematic analysis using DIPS V6.008 software. Kinematic analysis of the studied stations shows thatplanar sliding is possible in stations No. 1, 2, 3 and 8, while wedge sliding is possible in station No. 5, 6, 7 and 9b. The other stations (No. 4and 9a) are stable. Tectonic structures played an extra paradoxical role in the stability of the rock slopes and the type of failure. In most ofthe selected stations , the geological structure had a negative role, which supported or promoted the failure in the study area. However, in few stations , it had a positive role and converted the slope from unstable to stable conditions. In addition, the presence of incongruent minor syncline folds, especially in the SW-limb of themajor anticline, led to the occurring of wedge sliding instead of plane sliding.

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An algorithm for the 3D ROck Slope Kinematic Analysis (ROKA) based on RPAS digital photogrammetry data.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12323 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Niccolò Menegoni ◽

Daniele Giordan ◽

Cesare Perotti

Keyword(s):

Kinematic Analysis ◽

Rock Slope ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Digital Photogrammetry ◽

Modes Of Failure ◽

Wedge Sliding ◽

Flexural Toppling ◽

The Stability ◽

Digital Outcrop

Among the several adopted methods for the kinematic analysis of the possible modes of failure that could affect a rock slope, the Markland test is the most used. Whereas, it has the advantage of being simple and fast, it has some limits, as the impossibility to manually consider the several different slope orientations and their interaction with the discontinuity dimensions and positions.Recently, the improvements in the Remote Piloted Aerial System (RPAS) digital photogrammetry techniques for the development and mapping of Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) have given the possibility of developing new automatized digital approaches. In this study, ROKA (ROck slope Kinematic Analysis) algorithm is presented. It is an open-source algorithm, written in MATLAB language, which aims to perform the kinematic analysis of the stability of a rock slope using the discontinuity measurements collected onto 3D DOMs. Its main advantage is the possibility to identify the possible critical combination between the 3D georeferenced discontinuities and the local surface of the slope. In particular, the critical combinations that can activate the planar sliding, flexural toppling, wedge sliding and direct toppling modes of failures can be detected and highlighted directly on the DOM. Hence, the ROKA algorithm can make the traditional approach for the kinematic analysis of a rock slope more effective, allowing not only to simplify the analysis, but also to increase its detail. This can be very important, in particular, for the analysis of large and complex rock slopes.

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Assessment of Slope Instability and Risk Analysis of Road Cut Slopes in Lashotor Pass, Iran

Journal of Geological Research ◽

10.1155/2014/763598 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Hossein Taherynia ◽

Mojtaba Mohammadi ◽

Rasoul Ajalloeian

Keyword(s):

Rock Mass ◽

Risk Analysis ◽

Rock Slope ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Slope Instability ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

The Stability ◽

Cut Slopes ◽

Road Cut Slopes

Assessment of the stability of natural and artificial rock slopes is an important topic in the rock mechanics sciences. One of the most widely used methods for this purpose is the classification of the slope rock mass. In the recent decades, several rock slope classification systems are presented by many researchers. Each one of these rock mass classification systems uses different parameters and rating systems. These differences are due to the diversity of affecting parameters and the degree of influence on the rock slope stability. Another important point in rock slope stability is appraisal hazard and risk analysis. In the risk analysis, the degree of danger of rock slope instability is determined. The Lashotor pass is located in the Shiraz-Isfahan highway in Iran. Field surveys indicate that there are high potentialities of instability in the road cut slopes of the Lashotor pass. In the current paper, the stability of the rock slopes in the Lashotor pass is studied comprehensively with different classification methods. For risk analyses, we estimated dangerous area by use of the RocFall software. Furthermore, the dangers of falling rocks for the vehicles passing the Lashotor pass are estimated according to rockfall hazard rating system.

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AN EVALUATION OF ROCK SLOPE STABILITY USING LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSES

Journal of Applied Geology ◽

10.22146/jag.7220 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Faridha Aprilia ◽

I Gde Budi Indrawan

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slope ◽

Limit Equilibrium ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Plane Failure ◽

General Limit ◽

The Stability ◽

Equilibrium Analyses ◽

Limit Equilibrium Analyses

The stability of rock slopes is controlled by several factors, such as the intact rock strength, discontinuity characteristics, groundwater condition, and slope geometry. Limit equilibrium (LE) analyses have been commonly used in geotechnical practice to evaluate the stability of rock slopes. A number of methods of LE analyses, ranging from simple to sophisticated methods, have been developed. This paper presents stability analyses of rock slopes at the Batu Hijau open mine in Sumbawa Barat using various methods of LE analyses. The LE analyses were conducted at three cross sections of the northern wall of the open mine using the Bishop Simplified, Janbu Simplified, Janbu Generalised, and General Limit Equilibrium (GLE) methods in Slide slope stability package. In addition, a Plane Failure (PF) analysis was performed manually. Shear strength data of the discontinuity planes used in the LE analyses were obtained from back analyses of previous rock slope failures. The LE analysis results showed that the rock slopes were likely to have shallow non-circular critical failure surfaces. The factor of safety (Fs) values obtained from the Bishop Simplified, Janbu Simplified, Janbu Generalised, and GLE methods were found to be similar, while the Fs values obtained from the PF method were higher than those obtained from the more rigorous methods. Keywords: Batu Hijau mine, Bishop Simplified, Janbu Simplified, Janbu Generalised, limit equilibrium analyses, general limit equilibrium, rock slope stability, plane failure.

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LARGE VERIFICATION TESTS ON ROCK SLOPE STABILITY

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v21.157 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1 (21) ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

J.W. Van der Meer ◽

K.W. Pilarczyk

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Scale Effects ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Small Scale ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Ripple Formation ◽

Scale Test ◽

Gravel Beaches ◽

The Stability ◽

Large Scale Tests

A number of large scale tests on stability of rock slopes and gravel beaches is described and compared with small scale test results. The following topics are treated: the stability of a rock armour layer, the profile formation of a berm breakwater, the profile formation of gravel beaches, including ripple formation, and reflection and overtopping on rock slopes. The general conclusion is that scale effects could not be found.

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Stability Assessment of High and Steep Cutting Rock Slopes with the SSPC Method

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/8889526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hongliang Tao ◽

Guangli Xu ◽

Jingwen Meng ◽

Ronghe Ma ◽

Jiaxing Dong

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slope ◽

Equilibrium Analysis ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Evaluation Indexes ◽

Weathering Degree ◽

Slope Rock ◽

The Stability

The stability of high rock slopes has become a key engineering geological problem in the construction of important projects in mountainous areas. The original slope stability probability classification (SSPC) system, presented by Hack, has made obvious progress and been widely used in rock slope stability analysis. However, the selection and determination of some evaluation indexes in the original SSPC method are usually subjective, such as intact rock strength and weathering degree. In this study, the SSPC method based on geological data obtained in the prospecting tunnels was presented and applied. According to the field survey and exploration of the prospecting tunnels, the weathering degree of the slope rock mass was evaluated. The empirical equation for the maximum stable height of the slope was applied to the slope stability evaluation in the presented SSPC method. Then, the slope stability probability of numerous cutting slopes in the sandstone unit was evaluated using the presented system. Results of the Geostudio software based on the limited equilibrium analysis of the investigated slopes were compared with the results obtained by the SSPC method. The results indicate that the SSPC method is a useful tool for the stability prediction of high and steep rock slopes.

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STABILITY OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS WITH A BERM

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v33.structures.10 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (33) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Marcel Van Gent ◽

Gregory M. Smith ◽

Ivo Van der Werf

Keyword(s):

Rock Slope ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Test Results ◽

Physical Model Tests ◽

Rubble Mound ◽

The Stability ◽

Rubble Mound Breakwaters ◽

Rock Size

The stability of rock slopes with a horizontal berm has been studied by means of physical model tests. This paper is focussed on the rock slope stability of the slopes above and below the berm. By applying a berm the rock size can be reduced compared to the required rock size for a straight slope without a berm. This reduction can be significant for the slope above the berm. The influence of the slope angle (1:2 and 1:4), the width of the berm, the level of the berm, and the wave steepness have been investigated. Based on the test results prediction formulae have been derived to quantify the required rock size for rubble mound breakwaters with a berm.

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Application of a Probabilistic Method Based on Neutrosophic Number in Rock Slope Stability Assessment

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9112309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2309 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Kaifeng Zhou ◽

Jun Ye ◽

Peng Sha

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Probabilistic Method ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Stability Assessment ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Good Efficiency ◽

Natural Rock ◽

The Stability ◽

Neutrosophic Number

The stability of natural rock slopes is influenced by a wide spectrum of factors, such as mechanical properties of bedrocks and spatial distribution of discontinuities. Their specific values are typically incomplete, due mainly to the lack of effective and comprehensive methods to accurately characterize these factors, especially those inside of the slopes. The neutrosophic number is a useful tool to solve problems in indeterminate environment. This study introduces the neutrosophic theory into slope stability assessment. A vector similarity measure developed under neutrosophic environment was employed to establish a stability assessment method considering multilevel attributes of slopes. Using this method, the level of stability for studied slopes, i.e., stable, mostly stable, less stable, and instable, was determined by computing the relation indices. The method was applied to a group of rock slopes located in Zhejiang province, China, and the calculated results were compared with the reality of in situ survey. The field application showed that the developed method has a good efficiency and precision in assessing the stability of rock slopes. The obtained weight vector can reveal the key influential parameters that inherently control the stability of rock slopes.

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Influences of Joint Persistence and Groundwater on Wedge Failure Potential of Jointed Rock Slope

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-7303 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yu-Hsuan Chang ◽

Cheng-Han Lin ◽

Ming-Lang Lin

Keyword(s):

Rock Slope ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Jointed Rock ◽

Slope Instability ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Wedge Failure ◽

Large Landslide ◽

Potential Failure ◽

The Stability

Joint persistence and groundwater are critical factors that influence the stability of rock slope. Persistence dominates the extent of pre-existing potential failure surfaces. Under certain conditions, slope instability may vary with time, as the propagation of existing joints leads to the development of fully persistence failure surfaces. At the same time, groundwater may travel through the fracture network and provides an external force to unstable rock masses, resulting in the damage of rock slope failure hard to predict. In general, when a rock slope consists of two or more sets of joints, the wedge failure often becomes the initial structurally controlled failure of a progressive large landslide. A classic case, which was occurred at a steep cut rock slope on 32.5k, Provincial Highway 7, Taiwan, had been completely recorded with UAV-surveys, field investigations and witness. The landslide first occurred on 13th May 2019 as a wedge failure with the magnitude of the volume of 892 m3 and resulted in a large landslide on 29th July 2019 with the magnitude of the volume of 37234 m3, destroyed the protection measures and roads. According to the field investigation, groundwater was discovered flowing out from the line of intersection of persistence joints, which could be the main reason leads to the wedge failure and the progressive large rockslide. Hence, the couple mechanics-hydraulic behavior in a rock slope should be studied in more detail to mitigate such hazards.In this study, sandbox model was applied to clarify the effects of the groundwater and joint friction on failures of single rock wedge. In addition, the software 3DEC, which is based on Distinct Element method, was carried out to extent the analysis conditions. The results of sandbox simulations were used to calibrate the performance of the numerical model, especially the coupled hydro-mechanical analysis. The stability of jointed rock slopes under different persistence and various water pressure conditions has been studied. It is believed that the study can enhance the way for stability analysis and monitoring of the potential failure of jointed rock slopes.Keywords: Wedge failure; Joint persistence; Groundwater; Rock slope stability.&#160;

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Stability Charts for Pseudostatic Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes Using the Nonlinear Hoek–Brown Strength Reduction Technique

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/8841090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Chaowei Sun ◽

Junrui Chai ◽

Tao Luo ◽

Zengguang Xu ◽

Yuan Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stability Analysis ◽

Slope Angle ◽

Weighting Factor ◽

Strength Reduction ◽

Reduction Technique ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Strength Reduction Technique ◽

Mass Properties ◽

The Stability

This paper presents a set of stability charts for the stability assessment of rock slopes that satisfy the Hoek–Brown (HB) criterion under various seismic loading conditions. The nonlinear Hoek–Brown strength reduction technique is used to conduct pseudostatic stability analysis of rock slopes subjected to horizontal seismic excitation. Based on an extensive parametric study, first, a set of stability charts with a slope angle of β = 45° under static and pseudostatic conditions are proposed by using ABAQUS 6.10 software. Second, the slope angle weighting factor (fβ) and the seismic weighting factor (fkh) are adopted to characterize the influence of slope angle (β) and horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient (kh) on the rock slope stability. Finally, the reliability of the proposed charts was validated by three typical examples and two case studies, and the results show that the values of the factor of safety (FOS) obtained from the proposed charts are consistent with the values from other methods. The proposed charts provide an efficient and convenient way to determine the FOS of rock slopes directly from the rock mass properties (γ and σci), the HB parameters (mi and GSI), the slope geometry (H and β), and the horizontal seismic coefficients (kh).

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Determination of Rock Slope Stability Using Stereographic Projection between Sulav and Amadiyah Resorts

The Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] ◽

10.53540/tjer.vol18iss1pp36-43 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Hadeer Ghazi Adeeb ◽

Ibrahim S. I. AL-JUMAILY

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Rock Slope ◽

Bedding Plane ◽

Rock Slope Stability ◽

Geological Discontinuities ◽

Wedge Sliding ◽

The Stability ◽

Steep Slopes ◽

Rock Slides

Geological discontinuities play a significant role in the assessment of rock slope stability. Rock slope stability has been studied on the main road between Sulav and Amadiya resorts in Duhok governorate on the southern limb of Mateen anticline, to determine the expected rock slides on this road. Five (5) stations were chosen to study these rock slides that may occur on these steep slopes. All these stations within Pila Spi Formation that consists of hard dolomitic limestone and covering the areas from Sulav resort towards Amadiya district with a length of up to 2.5 Kms. The Stereographic analysis was used to study and classify the stability of these slopes. The analysis showed in all stations the possibility of plane sliding to happen on the bedding plane, and the wedge sliding between the bedding plane and planes of all joint sets, as well as the occurrence of rockfall on some stations.

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