scholarly journals Perbandingan Insidensi Hipotensi Saat Induksi Intravena Propofol 2 Mg/Kg Bb Pada Posisi Supine dengan Perlakuan dan Tanpa Perlakuan Elevasi Tungkai

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beni Indra ◽  
Untung Widodo ◽  
Yunita Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
American Society ◽  
Group B

Abstrak          Penggunaan Propofol untuk induksi pada general anestesi dapat menyebabkan  hipotensi akibat vasodilatasi arteri dan vena terutama vena kapasitan ditungkai. Manuver elevasi tungkai dapat mempertahankan stabilitas hemodinamik dengan meningkatkan aliran balik vena ke jantung dan mengurangi penumpukan darah di vena kapasitan tungkai. Penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan cara Open Randomized Control Trial. Subyek penelitian adalah 184 sampel pasien dewasa ASA I-II yang menjalani operasi elektif dengan menggunakan general anestesi dengan induksi propofol. Kelompok sampel penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 92 orang. Setelah prabeban cairan RL 10 cc/kgbb dan pemberian fentanyl 2 mcg/kgbb dan midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb maka kelompok A dilakukan elevasi tungkai 45º satu menit sebelum induksi propofol dan dipertahankan sampai penelitian selesai. Sedangkan kelompok B tidak dilakukan elevasi tungkai. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisa dengan uji t tes. Untuk data proporsi dilakukan analisa dengan tes chi-square. Dari data demografi tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05) antara kedua kelompok penelitian kecuali untuk BMI (p<0,05). Insidensi hipotensi  menit pertama pasca induksi propofol pada kelompok A (elevasi tungkai) secara signifikan lebih rendah (12%) dibanding kelompok kontrol B  (27,2%) (p=0,016; p < 0,05). Pada menit ketiga pasca induksi juga didapatkan insidensi hipotensi kelompok A  (15,2%) signifikan lebih rendah dibanding kelompok B (23,9%) (p= 0,014; p < 0,05). Elevasi tungkai 45 derajat efektif dalam menurunkan insidensi hipotensi pasca induksi propofol.  Kata kunci: propofol, hipotensi, elevasi tungkai AbstractThe induction of general anaesthesia with propofol may induce of considerable degree of hypotension that has been atributed to decrease in systemic vascular resistance  caused by combination of venous and arterial vasodilatation. It will produce a shifting  of blood to venous reservoir, especially capacitance venule of legs. Leg elevation can provide hemodynamic stability by increases cardiac preload and recruits blood contained in the venous reservoir. This is Open Randomized Control Trial include 184 elective surgery patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I and II. Anesthesia  was induced with propofol. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups with 92 patients in each. All the patients received Ringer’s Lactate (10 ml/kg) and premedicated with fentanyl (2 mcg/kg) and midazolam (0,05 mg/kg) before induction of anesthesia. Group A was performed passive leg raising 45 degree 1 minute before injection of propofol until  the end of study and group B (control) did not receive any maneuver. Parametric data were analyzed with t-test and categorical data was done by using Chi-square test. A p value of less than 0,05 was consider significant. Demografic characteristics (age, sex, body weight and height) and  baseline haemodynamic parameters of the patients were similar in two groups (p > 0.05) except for BMI (p < 0.05) . The incidence of hypotension was significantly lower in group A (12 %, ) than group  B (27,2%) at the first minute after propofol  injection, p value = 0.016 (p < 0,05). In the third minute, incidence of hypotension was also significantly lower in group A (15,2%) than group B (23,9%), p value = 0,014 (p < 0,05). Leg elevation maneuver 45º significantly decrease incidence of hypotension after propofol induction. Keywords: Propofol, hypotension, leg elevation

Combination Therapy Of Tadalafil And Pentoxifylline In Severe Erectile Dysfunction; A Prospective Randomized Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Roat ◽  
Swati Agrawal ◽  
Kumar Jayant ◽  
Ravimohan S. Mavuduru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstractwas to assess efficacy of Tadalafil alone versus Tadalafil plus Pentoxifylline in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by using self administered IIEF-5 questionnaire.Two hundred and thirty seven patients presenting with ED at andrology OPD were evaluated for ED by a self administered IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) questionnaire. Patients were systematically randomized by computer generated random table into two groups groups namely, group A: Tadalafil only group, group B: combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifyl-line. All the patients were re-assessed by IIEF-5 questionnaire after 8 weeks of medical therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using student’s unpaired t-test, paired t-test, chi square test. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Two hundred and thirty seven patients were included in the present study, in group A: 92 patients (78.6%) showed improvement in their IIEF score after 8 weeks of tadalafil treatment. While in group B, overall 104 patients(86.6%) showed improvement after combination of Tadalafil and Pentoxifylline. There was a statistically significant difference of percentage change in IIEF score was seen in group B (group A 90.7±15.2%, group B 95.6±13.4%; p value – 0.014). We found this difference even more statistically significant in patients with severe ED (group A 72.7±47.2%, group B 132.3±54.3%; p value – 0.000). There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regards to occur-rence of side effects.Both tadalafil and combination of Tadalafil + Pentoxifylline improve erectile function in patients of ED. Patients with severe ED showed much significant improvement in erectile function with combination therapy.

scholarly journals Open VS Closed Techniques for Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgeries

2021 ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Obaid Ul Haseeb ◽  
Haris Rashid ◽  
Afrin Ahmed ◽  
Mir Arsalan Ali ◽  
Shakil Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Closed Technique ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Classic Technique ◽  
Group B ◽  
Surgery Department

Background: Laparoscopic surgery or "minimally invasive" surgery is a type of specialist surgery. The most crucial, demanding, and risky part of the laparoscopy is the creation of pneumoperitoneum. The two most prevalent methods for creating a pneumoperitoneum are the closed and open approaches. Despite the fact that there is no universal consensus on the best approach to gain access to the peritoneal cavity in order to create a pneumoperitoneum. The aim of present study was to compare the operative time and post-operative outcome associated with closed technique and open classic technique. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out by recruiting patients presented in surgery department of Ziauddin Hospital North campus. The samples were divided into two equal groups A and B. Group A was operated for Laparascopic abdominal surgery by open technique while group B operated through closed technique. Effectiveness of procedures was measured by number of complications occurred during and after surgery. Chi-square test and independent T-test were applied for association. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age was found to be 45.5±16 years and mean weight was 68±10.5 kilograms. Mean time of operations was 84.5±18.5 minutes. 60 (69.8%) of patients included underwent the laparoscopic cholecystectomy while 15 (17.4%) patients had laparoscopic appendectomy. 13/86: 15.1% of patients had the minor complication including 12/43: 27.9% in group B and 1/43: 2.3% in group A. The comparative analysis between the two groups in terms of effectiveness of either method compared by means of development of the complications was found to be highly significant with p value 0.002. Conclusion: The open approach to laparoscopic entrance has been linked to fewer surgical problems than the closed approach.

scholarly journals 2ND TRIMESTER PREGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Sobia Tabassum ◽  
Arshia Sabir ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Anwar ul Haq ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Ejaz ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Prostaglandin F2a ◽  
Oxytocin Infusion ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Test Of Significance ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of prostaglandin F2á by extra amnioticroute and I/V oxytocin infusion for induction of labor in 24 hours. Study Design: This wasa randomized control study. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conductedat the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur from March 2017to October 2017. Materials and Methods: A total number of 104 patients (52 given PGF2áand 52 increasing infusion rate of I/V oxytocin) between 13 to 26 weeks of gestation wereenrolled using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Two groups ‘A’ and ‘B’ wereformed having patients of comparable age, parity and gestational age to minimize the effectof confounders. Both the groups were compared for induction delivery interval (hours), andcomplications. Chi square test was used as test of significance and any value <0.05 was takenas statistically significant. Results: The ages of patients ranged from 16-45 years (28.93 + 8years). Gestational ages were between 13-26 weeks (mean 16.48 + 6.43 weeks). The parityranged from 0-9 (mean 3.9 + 2.87). Missed abortion was the major reason for TOP, seen in 71(68.3%). In Gorup-A, all patients aborted / delivered within 28 hours from the start of the infusionso got successful induction in 100% patients whereas 5 (9.6%) patients failed in Group B. InGroup A, successful induction of delivery was done in significantly less interval (11.27+6.2hours) as compared to Group B (18.4+10.8 hours) with a statistically significant p value of0.016.There were 3 (5.8%) patients in Group A and 10 (19.2%) in Group B who developed oneor more complications and this difference turned out to be statistically significant (p=0.038).No major complications developed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Extra amniotic PGF2á ismore effective than I/V Oxytocin for termination of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Role of l-arginine in the prevention of pre eclampsia in high-risk pregnancies.

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Nadia Taj ◽  
Asma Sajid ◽  
Tehreem Rasheed ◽  
Anam Naz ◽  
Saba Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of L-Arginine versus placebo in the prevention of pre eclampsia in high-risk pregnancies. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: November 2019 to February 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 130 women were included in the study. 65 patients were in L-arginine group or Group A while 65 patients were in placebo group or Group B. In group A, women were prescribed L-arginine 300 grams (Amino Whey Sachet) once a day until delivery and in group B; women were given homologated placebo (starch) once a day until delivery. Efficacy (no preeclampsia occurs during pregnancy) was noted from both groups and recorded. Mean ±SD was presented for quantitative variables like age, gestational age, parity, duration of chronic hypertension, weight, height and BMI. Variables such as age, parity, hypertension, body mass index, gestational age and duration of hypertension were stratified to assess their effect on efficacy. Chi square test was used to make comparison of the efficacy in both groups as well as for post-stratification for both groups. A p value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: In L-arginine group efficacy was 92.3% as compared to 69.2% in placebo group (p< 0.000) Table-IV. Conclusion: It can be concluded that L-arginine when given orally at the dose of 300g daily has a considerable role in prevention of pre-eclampsia in pregnant patients with high risk and also has a role in reduction of severity of pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ovulation Induction with Letrozole with Metformin Versus Letrozole Alone in Females Presenting with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4 (oct 2020 - dec 2020)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubda Aiman ◽  
Amna Khanam ◽  
Mahliqa Maqsood ◽  
Mehwish ayyaz ◽  
Miss Alia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Induction Rate ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

Objective: To compare the frequency of Ovulation Induction after administration of Letrozole with metformin versus Letrozole alone in females presenting with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Methods: This Randomized Controlled Trial was done in unit 5 of Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore for 6 months. Total 200 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited from OPD. Lottery method was used for randomization of study subjects. Females in group A were given Letrozole 2.5mg once a day for five days (from third to seventh day)of the cycle for three consecutive months and metformin 1500mg (500mg 3 times a day) daily for three months, while females in group B were given Letrozole 2.5mg once a day for five days (from third to seventh day) le for three consecutive months. Then they were followed up in OPD for 3 cycles. In all 3 cycles TVS was done on day 12 to access the number of follicles and to measure the size of largest follicle, and on day 21 of cycle progesterone level will be assessed for confirmation of ovulation induction. The data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 20. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age and BMI. Frequency and percentage was calculated for Ovulation induction. Both groups were compared by using chi-square test taking p-value<0.05 as significant. Data was stratified for BMI (Normal, overweight and Obese).After stratification chi-square test was applied keeping a p value < 0.05 as significant. Results: In Group-A mean age of women was 28.18±6.58 years. In Group-B mean age of women was 27.08±5.15 years. In Group-A ovulation induction rate was much higher as compared to that of Group-B women. i.e. (89% vs. 60%). p-value=0.000. Ovulation induction rate was significantly higher with Letrozole+ Metformin in women who were having normal BMI, overweight & obese as compared to that of Letrozole alone. Conclusion: Letrozole with metformin is more effective for the ovulation Induction females presenting with polycystic ovarian Syndrome as compared to letrozole alone.() Key Words: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Management, Ovulation Induction, Letrozole, Metformin How to Cite: Aiman Z, Khanam A, Maqsood M, Ayyaz M, Alia, Kanwal K. Comparison of ovulation induction with letrozole with metformin versus letrozole alone in females presenting with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Esculapio.2020;16(04):54-58.

EFFICACY OF INTRAVENOUS LIGNOCAINE VERSUS TOPICAL LIGNOCAINE IN ATTENUATION OF HAEMODYNAMIC SURGE DURING LARYNGOSCOPY AND INTUBATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY UNDER GENERALANAESTHESIA - A SINGLE BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Gautam Piplai ◽  
Amrita Roy ◽  
Dipanjan Dutta ◽  
Sayantan Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Haemodynamic Response ◽  
Randomized Control Study ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
American Society ◽  
Group B ◽  
American Society Of Anesthesiologists ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Control Study

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efcacy of intravenous lignocaine versus topical lignocaine for attenuating haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia. This single blind randomized control study was done on sixty patients of either sex aged between 18 to 55 years, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status class I undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups (group A and group B). Group A and Group B received intravenous preservative free lignocaine hydrochloride 2% 2 mg/kg and topical (nebulized) lignocaine hydrochloride 4% at 2mg/kg. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was documented before administering premedication (T0), at time of intubation (TI) and 1 min (T-1), 2 min (T-2) & 5 min (T- 5) after intubation. Attenuation in the HR , SBP, DBP, MBPwere found statistically signicant (P<0.05) in group B in comparison to the group A. So, to conclude, topical lignocaine 4% blunts haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation better than intravenous lignocaine 2% when other confounding factors are eliminated.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaimal Shahan ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain ◽  
Jawwad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group A ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Chronic Rhino Sinusitis ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group B

Objective: To compare ciprofloxacin with amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in terms of frequency of improvement in symptom score.Patients and Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Capital Hospital Islamabad, from March 2015 to March 2016. Study population included 190 cases of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis (CRS) of either gender, aged 18 to 50 years and excluding confounders, divided in two groups. Group A received Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BD and Group B received Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid 625 mg TDS for 10 days. Symptom score was recorded at start of treatment and finally at 16th week. Data analysis was done by SPSS 17.0. Chi Square was used to compare improvement of two groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

scholarly journals PARA UMBILICAL HERNIAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kalim ◽  
Saeed Khan ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Mazhar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mesh Repair ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Repair Group

Background: Para-umbilical hernias are the common hernias among ventralabdominal hernias constituting about 85% of the overall abdominal wall hernias. Due to theirhigh risk of complications, adult paraumbilical hernias needs surgical repair. Objectives: Tocompare effectiveness of mesh versus mayo’s repair of para umbilical hernias in terms of postoperativepain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Surgical Department,Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: 12 months. Materials and Methods: A totalof 162 patients with paraumblical hernia were repaired. They were equally divided into 2 groupswith mesh repair (group A) and Mayo’s repair (Group B). The intervention effectiveness of meshversus mayo’s repair of para umbilical hernias was measured in terms of post-operative painby Visual Analogue Scale at the end of 3rd month. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version17. Chi Square Test was used p Value < 0.05 was significant. All the results were presentedin the form of tables and charts. Results: Mean age in (Mesh repair) was 30 years ± 2.1SDwhereas mean age in (Mayos repair) was 28 years ± 1.71SD. In Group A (Mesh repair), 73(90%)patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 8(10%) patients had moderate pain (VAS 4-6). In Group B(Mayos repair), 63(78%) patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 16(20%) patients had moderate painscore (VAS 4-6), 2(2%) patients had severe pain score (VAS 7-10). Mesh repair was effective in73(90%) patients whereas Mayos repair was effective in 63 (78%) patients. Conclusion: Meshrepair is more effective in terms of post-operative pain than Mayos repair.

scholarly journals Role of Dermaroller and Prp In Post-Traumatic Facial Scar Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4061-4067
Author(s):  
Alpesh ◽  
Jumale V P
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Group B

In the present study follow up kept on immediate post-operative day and at one week to evaluate pain, bleeding and inflammation. Final follow up at two months for assessment of aesthetic score by three independent personnel. Pain and inflammation were more associated with Group B compared to Group A, but there are no statistical significance differences among this groups (P value- 0.074 and 0.136 for pain and inflammation respectively on immediate post-operative day. Chi-square test). Final follow up assessment of aesthetic scores at two months calculated by Chi- square test and comparisons of two groups for aesthetic scores done by Independent t-Test. All three personnel gave higher aesthetic score to Group B but statistically this was not significant (P-value 0.287, 0.129 and 0.400 by Observer 1, 2 and patients respectively. Chi-square test). The mean aesthetic score given by Observer 1, 2 and patient was higher associated to Group B but statistically this was not significant (P=0.526, 0.055 and 0.232 independent t-Test).

scholarly journals Post-Operative Outcomes of Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion on Major Abdominal Surgery in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Control Trial in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Nirupama Saha ◽  
Nadiuzzaman Khan ◽  
Mirza Kamrul Zahid ◽  
Shah Alam Talukder ◽  
ASM Meftahuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Major Abdominal Surgery ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Intravenous Lidocaine ◽  
Operative Outcomes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Group B

Background: Post-operative outcomes of a major abdominal surgery depend on careful & effective post-operative management. But it is a critical job especially in children. Obtaining adequate analgesia after major surgery is a problematic issue and postoperative pain still imposes a major burden of suffering in surgical patients.Objectives: The principle objectives of the study is to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine infusion in pain management of pediatric population undergone in major abdominal surgery; to reduce post-operative morbidity & enhance better surgical outcome in children.Methodology: This is a randomized control trial carried out from January 2015-June2015,in a tertiary care hospital among 60 cases of 4 to 14 years children with major abdominal surgery without having any pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic or renal insufficiency. Grouping of patients that is lidocaine infusion group (Group A) and control group (Group B) was made among admitted cases for elective abdominal surgery by simple random technique by means of lottery. For assessment of postoperative pain FLACC Scale was used in both groups. Clinical examination findings & specifically designed data collection sheet with a set questionnaire were used as research instruments. Formulated data was analyzed by SPSS version 17, taking p value <0.05 as significant.Results: It is noted that, after 24 hours of operation most of the patients 56.7% of group A had mild pain whereas 90% patients of group B had moderate pain (p<0.001)& during that time there was no patient with severe pain in group A whereas in group B 10% patients were with severe pain. At 48 hours, pain was absent in 13.3% children of group A and 6.7% in group B. In group A most of the children 76.7%had mild pain compared to moderate pain 18 (60%) in group B children at that hours (P<0.001). Again, regarding required amount of analgesics, patients received I/V lidocaine required less amount of analgesics than its counterpart. In present study, complications was noted only 3.3% patien in group A, where as in the opposite group it was found in 23.3% & p was <0.05. In group A, in 50% patients post operative bowel sound was returned within 72 hours, compared to 73.3% patients in group B. The p value was 0.001. About post-operative hospital stay, 83.3% children of the group A were released from hospital after 5th P.O.D whereas, in group B, only 50% children were released after 7th P.O.D of operation. The P value was 0.03 that is also significant.Conclusion: Intravenous lidocaine could improve immediate and late post-operative pain with early recovery after major abdominal surgery in children & it can contribute to rapid postoperative rehabilitation programs.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2018, Vol.10(1); 23-27

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