scholarly journals Evaluation of harvesting time and standardization of distillation duration for higher essential oil content and quality in German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
P. Suryavanshi ◽  
R. C. Padalia ◽  
A. Chauhan ◽  
K. T. Venkatesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Oil Flowers ◽  
Chamomile Flowers ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Clear Information

Essential oil yield and composition in aromatic crops might be affected by genetic, agronomical and environmental factors but till date there is no clear information about the harvesting time and distillation for higher essential oil content without affecting quality. The current study was carried out to evaluate harvesting of chamomile flowers without herb and with herb part at three different times (6 A.M., 12 P.M. and 6 P.M.) and four distillation treatments (3 h, 4 h, 5 h & 6 h) for dried chamomile flowers. Results indicated that essential oil content was more in chamomile flowers without herb (0.15-0.18%) as compared to flowers with herb (0.06-0.09%). Essential oil content in chamomile flowers without herb was found statistically at par at harvest time of 12 P.M. (0.18%) and 6 P.M. (0.18%) and significantly higher than harvesting time of 6 A.M. (0.15%). Essential oil of chamomile flowers without herb contained maximum α-bisabolol oxide-B, (Z)-spiroether, and chamazulene at 12 P.M. and 6 P.M. while, α-bisabolone oxide-A and α-bisabolol oxide-A were maximum at 6 A.M. and (E)-β-farnesene was more at 12 P.M. Similarly, in distillation experiment, higher oil content was observed in chamomile dried flowers which were hydro-distilled for 6 h (1.20%) compared to other hydro-distillation durations. Marker compounds i.e. α-bisabolol oxide-A, α-bisabolone oxide-A, α-bisabolol oxide-B, (E)-β-farnesene and chamazulene were more at 5 h and 6 h distillation duration while (Z)-spiroether was more at 3 h distillation duration. The present study showed that in order to obtain higher essential oil, flowers without herb harvested at 12 P.M or 6 P.M. should be subjected to 5-6 h hydro-distillation.

scholarly journals Effects of γCo-60 radiation on the growth and development of peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Le Minh Tran Thi ◽  
Truong Giang Nguyen ◽  
Hong Gam Bui Thi ◽  
Quang Luan Le
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

In this study, mints were regenerated from calluses irradiated by γ - rays (Co-60) at doses from 0 to 70 Gy. After 4 times of propagation, the M1V4 mints were transferred in a greenhouse for assessments of growth, development and essential oil content. Mint regenerated from calluses irradiated at low doses (0, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy) showed no morphological difference compared to the control plants. However, low-dose irradiated mints showed better effect on growth and development, and mints regenerated from 6Gy-irradiated sample had essential oil content with 1.3 times higher than that of control group. In case of plants irradiated at higher dose (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy), there were morphological variations such as stem become bigger and color of stem become purple. Especially, samples irradiated at 60 Gy showed better in growth, development and essential oil content (1.34 times higher than the control plants) and these characters were stable in M1V4. Among the irradiated mints, purple stem variations had the highest essential oil yield with 1.7 times higher than that of the original plants.

IMPACT OF SEASON AND HARVEST FREQUENCY ON BIOMASS AND ESSENTIAL OIL YIELDS OF ARTEMISIA HERBA-ALBA CULTIVATED IN SOUTHERN TUNISIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEDI MIGHRI ◽  
AHMED AKROUT ◽  
JOSEPH CASANOVA ◽  
FELIX TOMI ◽  
MOHAMED NEFFATI
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Harvest Frequency ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

SUMMARYArtemisia herba-alba Asso has been successfully cultivated in the Tunisian arid zone. However, information regarding the effects of the harvest frequency on its biomass and essential oil yields is very limited. In this study, the effects of three different frequencies of harvesting the upper half of the A. herba-alba plant tuft were compared. The harvest treatments were: harvesting the same individual plants at the flowering stage annually; harvesting the same individual plants at the full vegetative growth stage annually and harvesting the same individual plants every six months. Statistical analyses indicated that all properties studied were affected by the harvest frequency. Essential oil yield, depended both on the dry biomass and its essential oil content, and was significantly higher from plants harvested annually at the flowering stage than the other two treatments. The composition of the β- and α-thujone-rich oils did not vary throughout the experimental period.

scholarly journals Essential oil yield and yield components of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as affected by genotype and intrarow spacing at Jimma, SW Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Ambi Alemu ◽  
Weyessa Garedew ◽  
Aynalem Gebre
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Jimma University ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Different Parts

Basil is an aromatic, medicinal, culinary, and multifunctional herb which is grown in different parts of Ethiopia. Although the oil distilled from the herb, as well as its herbal yields, are a crucial input in the pharmaceutical industry and for culinary purposes, the yield obtained is below its potential due to various challenges. Genotype and plant spacing are two of the factors which contribute to the low production of the crop. A field trial was conducted at Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) in 2016 and 2017 to assess the effect of genotype and plant spacing on essential oil yield and other yield-related traits of this important herb. Four promising genotypes (BO-1, BO-3, BO-4, and BO-5) and three plant spacings (20, 30, and 40 cm) were studied in a 4 × 3 factorial design arranged as randomized complete blocks (RCBD) with three replications. Data on plant height, leaf area, number of primary branches, essential oil content and oil yield were collected and analyzed. The analysis of variance revealed that there were highly significant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) interaction effect of genotype with plant spacing for all parameters tested. The maximum essential oil yield (7.88 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was obtained from genotype BO-5 at 30 cm spacing, whilst the least (2.68 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) was recorded from BO-1 at 40 cm spacing. The maximum oil content (101 mL g<sup>−1</sup>) was gained from BO-1 at 20 cm, but BO-3 at 30 cm spacing recorded the least oil content though there were no significant differences between the three treatment combinations. Further studies at different locations and seasons will be important to for future local recommendations.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HARVESTING TIME ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ABIES KOREANA TWIGS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Min Seo ◽  
Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽  
Songmun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Abies Koreana ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of <em>Abies koreana</em> twigs from Korea was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The essential oil from the twigs of <em>A. koreana</em> was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%).<strong> </strong>Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of <em>A. koreana</em>. Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.</p>

scholarly journals Growing Medium and Fertilization Regime Influence Growth and Essential Oil Content of Rosemary

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Boyle ◽  
Lyle E. Craker ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Liquid Fertilization ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Plants of rosemary [Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)] were grown in pots containing a soilless (1 sphagnum peat:1 perlite) or soil-based (1 sphagnum peat: 1 perlite:1 field soil) growing medium and fertilized with either 12N-5.2P-12.5K controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) at 9.0 g/pot; constant liquid fertilization (LF) with 20N4.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter; constant LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot; weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter; or weekly LF at 150 mg N/liter, plus CRF at 4.5 g/pot. Constant LF plus CRF generally reduced plant height and depressed shoot fresh weight relative to other fertilizer regimes. Essential oil content was highest in plants receiving weekly LF. Plants grown in the soil-based mix were shorter, shoot fresh and dry weight tended to be lower, and essential oil yield was higher when compared to plants grown in the soilless mix. Satisfactory growth was obtained in both media when rosemary plants were fertilized with 12N-5.2P-12.5K CRF at 9.0 g/pot or weekly LF with 20N<.3P-16.7K at 150 mg N/liter.

scholarly journals Light intensities alter growth and essential oil of patchouli under shade nets

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurislaine Santos Ribeiro ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Wesley Naves Tostes ◽  
Adriane Duarte Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Aromatic Species ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

ABSTRACT: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. is an aromatic species popularly known as patchouli. The essential oil rich in patchoulol extracted from leaves is used by the pharmaceutical industries. The objective was to investigate the effects of shade nets and shading intensities on P. cablin growth, anatomy, chemical composition and essential oil content. The experiment was conducted with two types of shade nets (black and Aluminet), three light intensities (30, 50, and 70% shading) and full sun. The different light intensities influenced the growth and the essential oil yield, and chemical composition. Patchouli plants grown in an environment with shading showed higher values for the leaf, stem, root ant total dry weights compared to full sun. At 50% of shading, Aluminet provided gain in stem and total dry weights. Aluminet and black net at 50 and 70% of shading enhance essential oil yield. Patchoulol and pogostol contents were higher under full sun, and, black net and Aluminet at 50% shading. The environment for patchouli cultivation can be improved by use shade nets, especially with Aluminet at 50% of shading.

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Time and Iron Application on Moldavian balm

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508
Author(s):  
Prshang KHALILI ◽  
Reza AMIRNIA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Study Results

Dracocephalum moldavica L. of the Labiatae family is an annual herbaceous plant. In Iran it is known as Badrashbi and Badrashboo. Recent publications have reported antibacterial and antimicrobial properties of its essential oil, which have a wide usage in industry. In this research, the effects of iron foliar application and different yields’ harvest times on the essential oil content and some morphological treats (plant height, branch number, fresh and dry weights, essential oil content and leaf Iron content) were investigated under experimental study in faculty of Agriculture of Urmia University during 2012. A factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the present study. Results showed that foliar application of iron had a significant effect on branch number, fresh and dry weight, biomass and oil percentage. Similarly, harvest time had a significant influence on fresh and dry weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield and leaf iron content, but its effect was not significant on stem diameter and branch number. The best harvest time for Dracocephalum moldavica L. was at 100% of flowering and 6 ml/l of iron application showed the best results in all characters measured.

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