Underestimated risks for bacterial keratitis in contact lens usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 2626-2630
Author(s):  
EVELINA MILCHEVA MARINOVA ◽  
◽  
DIMITAR STOIMENOV DABOV ◽  
YANI TODOROV ZDRAVKOV ◽  
EMILIA KRASIMIROVA NASEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

Objective: The purpose of our research is to emphasize the role of underestimated predisposing conditions for microbial keratitis in contact lens users, to draw attention to the complications of wearing contact lenses without ophthalmic examination, and to offer a short questionnaire for fast and easy estimation of the risk factors for bacterial keratitis. Methods: A series of 23 cases of healthy young individuals, treated for bacterial keratitis, provoked а research on the predisposing factors for its development. Results: 55% of the patients had started to wear contact lenses without specific examination. 75% had made mistakes in the hygiene and storage of the lenses. We identified risk factors for development of bacterial keratitis in all cases. Conclusions: A thorough anamnesis and ophthalmic examination are crucial in decision making about contact lens wearing because they could reveal some of the predisposing conditions for the occurrence of ocular complications. The usage of contact lenses without a prescription poses health risks and could have a negative impact on the social and healthcare system.

Energy Markets and Trading

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mares
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact Risk

This chapter discusses the role of energy in economic development, the transformation of energy markets, trade in energy resources themselves, and the geopolitical dynamics that result. The transformation of energy markets and their expansion via trade can help or hinder development, depending on the processes behind them and how stakeholders interact. The availability of renewable, climate-friendly sources of energy, domestically and internationally, means that there is no inherent trade-off between economic growth and the use of fossil fuels. The existence of economic, political, social, and geopolitical adjustment costs means that the expansion of international energy markets to incorporate alternatives to oil and coal is a complex balance of environmental trade-offs with no solutions completely free of negative impact risk. An understanding of the supply of and demand for energy must incorporate the institutional context within which they occur, as well as the social and political dynamics of their setting.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL PROVISION OF THE PENSION SYSTEM IN THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE UNDER GLOBALIZATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ivashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Impact

The most contradictions arise today over the pension system reforming. Each year the states spent significant resources to finance social and economic needs of the population. The positive effect of the nominal growth of the social and economic guarantees in Ukraine leveled nowadays in terms of financial, economic and political instability. Also the processes of depopulation have a very negative impact on the financial viability of the PAYG pension system. Given this, the research aim was to study and discuss tendencies in financial provision of the pension systems in the European countries and Ukraine under globalization. As a result in the process of research the main features of functioning and providing of the pension insurance systems in European countries and Ukraine were examined; the impact of the depopulation processes on the financial provision of the pension systems was determined; problems, related to introduction of the funded system of pension insurance were analyzed; the role of the minimum pension institute in provision of the effective pension system functioning was disclosed and recommendations in relation to optimization of pension insurance and providing сo-operation under globalization were developed.

scholarly journals Implicit Bias Reflects the Personal and the Social

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Rivers ◽  
Heather Rees ◽  
Jimmy Calanchini ◽  
Jeff Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Biases ◽  
And Storage

This issue’s target article by Payne, Vuletich, and Lundberg (PV&L) does exactly what one should, presenting an argument that is thought-provoking and that challenges current orthodoxy. It also addresses an issue that has increasingly confounded attitudes researchers in recent years. The construct of “implicit bias” was initially conceptualized as a latent construct that exists within persons, relatively resistant to situational influences. A plethora of theoretical models converge on the notion that implicit biases, including intergroup biases, are representations that are stored in memory (e.g., Devine,1989; Fazio, Jackson, Dunton, & Williams, 1995; Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006; Greenwald et al., 2002; Wilson, Lindsay, & Schooler, 2000). Although some perspectives emphasize the role of culture in contributing to implicit measures of bias, even these perspectives rely on the learning and storage of mental representations (Olson & Fazio, 2004).

Awareness of Contact Lens Related Ocular Complications among Opticians of Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sohail ◽  
Zain Ul Abideen ◽  
Fatima Zahid ◽  
Wahid Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Acanthamoeba Keratitis ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Ocular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year

Purpose:  To determine the awareness regarding contact lens related ocular complications among opticians of Lahore and to find out the relationship between the awareness and their educational qualification. Study Design:  Cross sectional survey. Place and duration of Study: University of Lahore from April 2020- December 2020. Methods:  This survey included opticians of different areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Two hundred and eleven opticians responded to a pre-tested, structured close ended questionnaire. Data comprised of demographics and contact lens selling experience. Information regarding awareness about contact lens related complications was also sought. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results:  A total of 211 opticians participated in the survey. All subjects were males. Fifty four (25.6%) subjects were from the age group of 15 to 30 years, 122 (57.8%) were from the age group of 31 to 45 and 35 (16.6%) were from the age group of 46 to 60 years. Only 4.7% had contact lens dispensing diploma. Thirty seven percent patients had contact lens selling experience of 2 to 10 years. Similar percentage had more than 10 years of experience. Ten percent had less than one year of experience. Only 54 participants out of 211 had knowledge about dry eye, 9 knew about Acanthamoeba keratitis and Bacterial keratitis and only 2 were aware of corneal opacity. Conclusion:  Majority of the opticians of Lahore are unaware of the contact lenses related complications. Sale of cosmetic lenses for fashion purpose should be discouraged and banned if not prescribed by optometrist/ ophthalmologist. Key Words:  Opticians, Contact lenses, Bacterial Keratitis.

scholarly journals Personal hygiene risk factors for contact lens-related microbial keratitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000476
Author(s):  
Anna Stellwagen ◽  
Cheryl MacGregor ◽  
Roger Kung ◽  
Aristides Konstantopoulos ◽  
Parwez Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Contact Lens ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Lens Wear

ObjectiveMicrobial keratitis is a sight-threatening complication of contact lens wear, which affects thousands of patients and causes a significant burden on healthcare services. This study aims to identify compliance with contact lens care recommendations and identify personal hygiene risk factors in patients who develop contact lens-related microbial keratitis.Methods and analysisA case–control study was conducted at the University Hospital Southampton Eye Casualty from October to December 2015. Two participant groups were recruited: cases were contact lens wearers presenting with microbial keratitis and controls were contact lens wearers without infection. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews to identify lens wear practices, including lens type, hours of wear, personal hygiene and sleeping and showering in lenses. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to compare groups.Results37 cases and 41 controls were identified. Showering in contact lenses was identified as the greatest risk factor (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.5; p=0.03), with showering daily in lenses compared with never, increasing the risk of microbial keratitis by over seven times (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.1 to 24.6; p=0.002). Other risks included sleeping in lenses (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 8.6; p=0.026), and being aged 25–39 (OR, 6.38; 95% CI, 1.56 to 26.10; p=0.010) and 40–54 (OR, 4.00; 95% CI 0.96 to 16.61; p=0.056).ConclusionThe greatest personal hygiene risk factor for contact lens-related microbial keratitis was showering while wearing lenses, with an OR of 3.1, which increased to 7.1 if patients showered daily in lenses. The OR for sleeping in lenses was 3.1, and the most at-risk age group was 25–54.

scholarly journals Pornography: Human right or human rights violation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Human Rights Violation

The article investigates the availability of pornographic media to under-aged users, specifically the already marginalised under-aged sector of the South African population. It argues that the availability of pornography is just another illustration of the systemic discrimination against this section of the population. Theoretical, non-experimental and clinical evidence illustrating the negative impact that the exposure to pornography has on children is presented against the background of the social reality of South Africa. The article finds that exposure to pornography leaves children even more vulnerable than they already are. The investigation of relevant legislation indicates that those who broadcast and/or sell pornography contravene South African law. The article concludes that the effects of pornography on children are far-reaching and potentially harmful. Children should be more effectively protected against exposure to pornography. Lastly, the role of faith-based organisations (FBOs) and the possibilities of their effective involvement, is explored.

Modern Means of Communication and Their Impact on the Social, Cultural and Intellectual Development of a Child

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Хосе Колома ◽  
Hose Koloma ◽  
Дебора Гарсия ◽  
Debora Garsiya
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Development Of Students

The article of American colleagues reveals the role of modern means of communication in the process of training and education of children of primary school and adolescence. Primary attention is paid to video games, the characteristics of their different types, including educational orientation. With concrete examples, the possible positive effect of the use of video games by teachers for the intellectual development of students, as well as the risks of uncontrolled use by children, are considered. Recommendations are given to teachers and parents to control the play activities of younger schoolchildren and adolescents in order to prevent the negative impact of video games on the health and mental state of a child.

“Gay? Prove it”: The politics of queer anti-deportation activism

Sexualities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
The Political ◽  
Credibility Assessment ◽  
Political Asylum ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
The Social

This article examines how gender, sexuality, race and class intersect in queer asylum claims to influence the perceived credibility of gay and lesbian asylum applicants. Building on recent scholarship in queer migration studies that considers the role of gender and sexuality in the social construction of migrant illegality, this article explores how practices of credibility assessment in the political asylum process produce women and sexual minorities as deportable subjects. As I argue, the tactics utilized by gay male asylum applicants to resist deportation show how practices of credibility assessment in the political asylum process are linked to the state’s reproduction of sexual citizenship narratives, narratives that have a disproportionately negative impact upon queer female migrants of color. Accounting for the intersections among gender, sexuality, race and class in influencing the perceived credibility of gay and lesbian asylum applicants is thus crucial for conceptualizing alternative forms of queer anti-deportation activism.

Epidemiology and pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism: similarities with atherothrombosis and the role of inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (06) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Riva ◽  
Marco P. Donadini ◽  
Walter Ageno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Prothrombotic State ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Predisposing Conditions

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease. Major provoking factors (e. g. surgery, cancer, major trauma, and immobilisation) are identified in 50–60 % of patients, while the remaining cases are classified as unprovoked. However, minor predisposing conditions may be detectable in these patients, possibly concurring to the pathophysiology of the disease, especially when co-existing. In recent years, the role of chronic inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases and traditional cardiovascular risk factors has been extensively investigated. Inflammation, with its underlying prothrombotic state, could be the potential link between these risk factors, as well as the explanation for the reported association between arterial and venous thromboembolic events.

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