scholarly journals Inequities in the emergence, manifestations and consequences of COVID19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Méndez Paz
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Vicious Circle ◽  
Social Inequity ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

The Inequality Virus is the name given to SARS-COV2 by an OXFAM publication, highlighting that during the pandemic, the ten richest men on the planet have earned 540 billion dollars, a figure that would serve to finance a universal vaccine for COVID19. This fact is an exemplary demonstration of the inequities of the pandemic, analyzed below in three different dimensions: 1) The origins of the pandemic, in the context of inequitable socio-ecological systems where the relationship amongst humans and between humans and nature has been broken; 2) Its manifestations, in conditions of social inequity, with its patterns of occurrence and a painful trace of disease and death; and 3) The consequences, in a vicious circle with the complex systems that gave rise to it, causing a profound situation of inequity, in other words, the pandemic as a source of more unjust differences.

Prevalence of imaginary companions among Chinese children aged 4 to 6 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiyi Lin ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Hong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Imaginary Companions ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Imaginary Play ◽  
Relationship Qualities ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the prevalence of Chinese children's imaginary companions (ICs) and the internal variables of IC types (personified object or invisible friend) and child–IC relationship qualities (egalitarian or hierarchical child–IC relationship). Participants were 266 children aged 4 to 6 years. Only in the 5-year-old group was the proportion of children with ICs significantly higher among girls than among boys, implying that the relationship between gender and IC was not consistent across age groups. Children from families in the highest annual income group engaged in more IC play than did children from families in the lowest annual income group, indicating a relationship between family socioeconomic environment and children's imaginary play. IC types were not associated with child–IC relationship qualities in any of the age groups, implying that these qualities may represent different dimensions of IC play as early as 4 years old.

scholarly journals The covid-19 Infodemic and Online Platforms as Intermediary Fiduciaries under International Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347
Author(s):  
Barrie Sander ◽  
Nicholas Tsagourias
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
International Law ◽  
Online Platform ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Fiduciary Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

Reflecting on the covid-19 infodemic, this paper identifies different dimensions of information disorder associated with the pandemic, examines how online platform governance has been evolving in response, and reflects on what the crisis reveals about the relationship between online platforms, international law, and the prospect of regulation. The paper argues that online platforms are intermediary fiduciaries of the international public good, and for this reason regulation should be informed by relevant standards that apply to fiduciary relationships.

scholarly journals On the complexity of assimilation in urban communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renita Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures ◽  
Urban Complex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractCities are microcosms representing a diversity of human experience. The complexity of urban systems arises from this diversity, where the services that cities offer to their inhabitants have to be tailored for their unique requirements. This paper studies the complexity of urban environments in terms of the assimilation of its communities. We examine the urban assimilation complexity with respect to the foreignness between communities and formalize the level of complexity using information-theoretic measures. Our findings contribute to a sociological perspective of the relationship between urban complex systems and the diversity of communities that make up urban systems.

Effects of Compression on Language Evolution

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K. Teal ◽  
Charles E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Minimum Description Length ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Look Up Table ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract For many adaptive complex systems information about the environment is not simply recorded in a look-up table, but is rather encoded in a theory, schema, or model, which compresses information. The grammar of a language can be viewed as such a schema or theory. In a prior study [Teal et al., 1999] we proposed several conjectures about the learning and evolution of language that should follow from these observations: (C1) compression aids in generalization; (C2) compression occurs more easily in a “smooth”, as opposed to a “rugged”, problem space; and (C3) constraints from compression make it likely that natural languages evolve towards smooth string spaces. This previous work found general, if not complete support for these three conjectures. Here we build on that study to clarify the relationship between Minimum Description Length (MDL) and error in our model and examine evolution of certain languages in more detail. Our results suggest a fourth conjecture: that all else being equal, (C4) more complex languages change more rapidly during evolution.

Transactional leadership and dynamic capabilities: the mediating effect of regulatory focus

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 2284-2306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Xiaohong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Promotion Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The mechanism of leadership’s impact on dynamic capabilities has aroused widespread interest, but few studies focus on transactional leadership, especially empirical research by micro foundations in the R&D departments from collaborative innovation alliances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the mechanism of transactional leadership affects dynamic capabilities based on the mediating effect of regulatory focus. Design/methodology/approach In order to better illustrate the role of transactional leadership on dynamic capabilities, the authors introduced regulatory focus as a mediator based on previous research. A sample of 245 dyads comprised of full-time employees and their immediate supervisors was collected from the innovation teams of industry-university alliances through questionnaires in China and analyzed via hierarchical regression method. Non-response bias and endogeneity testing were also conducted to confirm the validity of the findings. Findings Contingency-reward behavior promotes the development of employee sensing and seizing capability. Management-by-exception promotes the development of employee reconfiguration capability. Promotion focus positively mediates the relationship between contingency-reward and sensing-seizing capability. Prevention focus positively mediates the relationship between management-by-exception and sensing-seizing capability. In addition, management-by-exception is also positively related to sensing capability and promotion focus is positively related to reconfiguration capability. Originality/value This paper confirmed different dimensions of transactional leadership favor different dimensions of dynamic capabilities based on different dimensions of regulatory focus, which enriches the theory of strategic leadership and dynamic capabilities, and is conducive to the management of collaborative innovation in technological innovation alliances.

scholarly journals Social Capital Household Welfare and Poverty: Evidence from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4I-II) ◽  
pp. 467-482
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Ahmad ◽  
Mahpara Sadaqa
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Heterogeneity Index ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Welfare And Poverty ◽  
The Relationship

The research addresses the missing link between social capital and analyses of household welfare and poverty. First the relationship between social capital and household welfare is analysed using a social capital index and a heterogeneity index. The social capital index is calculated using different dimensions: density of membership, attendance at meetings, cash and kind contributions and decision making in local organisations/associations. Heterogeneity index is based on differences in incomes, ethnicity, education and political affiliations in the composition of organisations. Endogeneity of social capital with household expenditure is tested through an Instrumental Variable approach. The relationship between social capital and probability of being poor is analysed through a logit model. The analysis uses data collected form 1050 households in and around the cities of Karachi, Lahore and Quetta. The main results indicate that social capital (however measured) has a positive impact on the welfare of the household. The study concludes that social capital and human capital have the same returns. A powerful result of the research is that households with social capital at their disposal are likely to be less poor and that poverty is less when households share risks though building associations and through collective action. The research has some policy implications which can be useful in building up social capital in the country.

scholarly journals Employee empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Damianus Abun ◽  
Theogenia Magallanes ◽  
Vanjesryl G. Calaycay ◽  
Melvin, F. Aurelio ◽  
Fredolin P. Julian
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Employee Empowerment ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

The study aimed to find out the effect of employee empowerment practices on the organizational citizenship behaviors of employees toward the organization and toward their coworkers (OCBP & OCBO). To support and establish the theory of the study, literature was reviewed. The study used the descriptive correlational research design and it used the questionnaires to gather the data. The study found that the empowerment practices of the Divine Word College of Laoag in terms of delegation of authority, autonomy, and self-efficacy self-management is high and even the different dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior are also high but not very high. Concerning the relationship between empowerment practices and organizational citizenship behavior of employees, the study was found to be significantly correlated. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is accepted.  

The relationship between three measures of L2 vocabulary knowledge and L2 listening and reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyu Cheng ◽  
Joshua Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
L2 Listening ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores the constructs that underpin three different measures of vocabulary knowledge and investigates the degree to which these three measures correlate with, and are able to predict, measures of second language (L2) listening and reading. Word frequency structured vocabulary tests tapping receptive/orthographic (RecOrth) vocabulary knowledge, productive/orthographic (ProOrth) vocabulary knowledge and productive/phonological (ProPhon) vocabulary knowledge and tests measuring L2 listening and L2 reading were administered to 250 tertiary-level Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Results showed that ProPhon vocabulary knowledge correlated most strongly with L2 listening ( r = .71) and ProOrth vocabulary knowledge correlated most strongly with L2 reading ( r = .57). Factor analysis indicated that all subcomponents of the ProPhon vocabulary knowledge test loaded onto one factor and those of the RecOrth and ProOrth vocabulary knowledge tests loaded onto another. Regression modelling showed that ProPhon vocabulary knowledge explained 51% of the variance in L2 listening scores and that ProOrth vocabulary knowledge explained 33% of the variance in the L2 reading scores. Discussion addresses the varying importance of different dimensions of vocabulary knowledge in L2 listening and reading.

May problem-based learning get higher evaluation from student?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuju Yin ◽  
Chenxi Guo ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
Tianmei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
International Student ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Individual Perception ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Embedding Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The paper aims to explore the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) embedding degree and education level on individual perception, as well as the moderating effect of nationality. Design/methodology/approach The paper first conceptualizes PBL embedding degree which means the extent of applying PBL. It takes an empirical study on an international MBA class in one of the first-class universities in China. An investigation is taken with the designed “PBL-based Cognitive Perception Scale” and an Ordered Probit Model is constructed. Findings The findings of this study are as follows: PBL embedding degree has a significant effect on the cognitive perception of student, which varies in different dimensions; the educational level of international student positively affects the cognitive perception toward PBL; and nationality may moderate the relationship between the PBL embedding degree and individual perception. Originality/value The paper replenishes the investigation and application of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. By conceptualizing PBL embedding degree, the paper extends the research perspectives of PBL and proposes a subjective method on the evaluation of PBL. The paper also may provide a guidance for PBL curriculum design with sustainable development of education.

Integration and volunteering: the case of first-generation immigrants to Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stefanie Ruiz ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Femida Handy
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
First Generation Immigrants ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the association between the integration of first-generation immigrants and their volunteering. Using data from a Canadian national survey, we examine three dimensions of immigrant integration: professional, psychosocial and political. General volunteering is not significantly related to integration; however, there exists a relationship between the different dimensions of integration and where immigrants choose to volunteer. Thus, the relationship between the type and degree of immigrant integration and volunteering is nuanced; it matters where volunteering occurs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document