Spectrophtometric determination of Hydrochlorothiazaide by oxidative coupling with O-Phenylendiamine

Abstract A sensitive, precise and reliable indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlordiazepoxide (CDE) in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms is described. The method is based on oxidative coupling reaction between amino group resulting from acidic decomposition of CDE with phenothiazine in the presence of sodium periodate to produce an intense green soluble dye that is stable and shows a maximum absorption at 602 nm. The calibration plot indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.1?50 µg/mL, with a molar absorptivity of 1×104 L/mol cm and correlation coefficient of 0.9994.All the conditions that affecting on the stability and sensitivity of the formed product were studied and optimized and the suggested method was effectively applied for the determination of CDE in commercial dosage forms.

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Spectrophotometric Methods for the Assay of Pyrilamine Maleate Using Chromogenic Reagents

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/941506 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1507-1513 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Annapurna ◽

G. Jyothi ◽

V. Nagalakshmi ◽

B. B. V. Sailaja

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Method Of Least Squares ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Charge Transfer Complexation

Simple, accurate and reproducible UV spectrophotometric methods were established for the assay of pyrilamine maleate (PYRA) based on the formation of oxidative coupling and precipitation, charge transfer complexation products. Method A includes the oxidative coupling reaction of PYRA with 3-methyl-2-benzathiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in presence of Ce(IV). The formation of oxidative coupling product with 4-amino phenazone (4-AP) in presence of K3Fe(CN)6is incorporated in method B. Precipitation/charge transfer complex formation of the PYRA with tannic acid (TA)/Metol-Cr(VI) in method C were proposed. The optical characteristics such as Beers law limits, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity for the methods (A-C) are given. Regression analysis using the method of least squares was made to evaluate the slope (b), intercept (a) and correlation coefficient (r) and standard error of estimation (Se) for each system. Determination of pyrilamine in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations were also incorporated.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Using 4-Nitroanilline by Oxidative Coupling Reaction

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2019.16.1(suppl.).0194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1(Suppl.)) ◽

pp. 0194

Author(s):

Al-rashidy Et al.

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Suggested Method ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Relative Standard

A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The suggested method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The analytical data obtained throughout this study could be summarid as follows: 1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml of 4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of additions, coupling reaction time, and temperature in addition to the type of solvent were studied. The Beer′s law is obeyed over the concentration range of(5–40) µg ml-1, but the detection limit and quantification limit are 0.34 besides 1.03 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the calibration graph was found to be 0.9980, molar absorptivity of 10. 25 × 103 L.mol -1.cm-1, and Sandell′s sensitivity index of 0.03467 µg.cm-2. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested by calculating the percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) (<1.831%) and the average recovery percent (99.22%) average error percent Erel%(0.558). Direct and standard addition procedures were applied to both standards and specimens of pharmaceutical and the results indicate that the suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of CPZ.

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A novel sensitive colorimetric determination of catecholamine drug in dosage form via oxidative coupling reaction with MBTH and potassium ferricyanide

Drug Analytical Research ◽

10.22456/2527-2616.113058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Safwan Ashour

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Standard Free Energy ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Potassium Ferricyanide ◽

Colorimetric Determination ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction

A new and direct colorimetric method has been established for the determination of catecholamine (methyldopa, MD) in both pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of MD with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride monohydrate (MBTH) and potassium ferricyanide at pH 10.4 in aqueous medium to form an orange product that has a maximum absorption at 460 nm. Beer's law plot showed good correlation in the concentration range of 1.0−56.0 µg mL-1, with detection limit of 0.31 µg mL-1. Molar absorptivity for the above method was found to be 6.56×103 L mol-1 cm-1. All the measurements were carried out at 25 ± 1.0 °C, the formation constant (logKf) value of colored species is 9.48 and the standard free energy (DG‡) is − 54.09 KJ mol-1. This method was applied successfully to determination of MD in tablets and the results were compared with the USP method. Common excipients used as additives in tablets do not interfere in the proposed method. The method is accurate, precise and highly reproducible, while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and hence can be suitably applied for routine analysis of MD in bulk and dosage forms.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Bisacodyl in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparation via Oxidative Coupling Organic Reaction

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.14.1.181-188 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 181-188

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Limit Of Quantitation

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric way is used to determine Bisacodyl in pure and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method depends on using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine as chromogenic reagent . The method was based on the oxidative coupling reaction of Bisacodyl with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine with Sodium periodate in the presence of sodium hydroxide as alkaline media to form red water soluble dye product , that has a maximum absorption at ?max 522nm . Beer ,s law is obeyed in the concentration of (2.00–20.00) ?g.ml -1 .The molar absorptivity is (6505) L.mol-1.cm-1,a sandall sensitivity of(0.0555) ?g.cm-2), correlation coefficient of (0.9970) , Limitof detection (LOD) (0.0312 ?g.ml-1), limit of Quantitation (LOQ) (0. 3125 ?g.ml-1) and the relative standard deviation of RSD% (1.6). The method gave a successful determination for Bisacodyl in pharmaceutical preparations and the value of recovery % was better than (100.16%)

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Spectrophotometric determination of Drug Clonazepam in Pure form and Pharmaceutical Tablets by Oxidative Coupling Reaction with Chlorpromazine hydrochloride

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.2.22 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Nahlah Salman Saddam ◽

K H Kadhim

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽

Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Quantification Limit

Sensitive, simple and a Precise spectrophotometric methods were development for the estimation reduced clonazepam (CZP) in purity form and in the pharmaceutical tablets from through using potassium bromate as oxidizing reagent for the drug and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (CPZ.HCL) as new chromogenic reagent. That led to forms colored products with a maximum absorbance of 530 nm. For the conditions reaction have been studied and optimized. The linearity range for Clonazepam was 0.05–3.5 μg/ ml, while the detections limit 0.0061 and the quantification limit 0.020 μg ml-1. The Molar Absorptivity 1.381×104 L/ mol cm with Shandell's sensitivity 0.0228 μg. cm-2. Finally the proposed methods were successfully Appling for estimation CZP in pure form and commercial formulations.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Oxidative Coupling Reaction

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.10.3.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 323-327

Author(s):

Ahmed Hamdi Hattab ◽

Abdul Majeed Khorsheed Ahmed ◽

Sunbul M. Anwar

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Simple Condition ◽

First Line ◽

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Phenylephrine is a medication mainly applied as a decongestant to relieve hemorrhoids, increase blood pressure, and dilate the pupil. It is the first-line choice for prevention and treatment of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. However, many methods were used for the determination of this drug and its properties. This paper proposes a method that uses N, N dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride as a new chromogenic reagent (NNDPH). This method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of phenylephrine with N, N dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride with ferric chloride in basic media to form green-blue soluble dye product. The outcomes demonstrate that the maximum absorption is at 680 nm, molar absorptivity of 5.54 × 103 mol-1.cm-1, and Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.038 μg.cm-2. The concentration range of 4 to 22 μg.mL-1 of the product is conformable to Beer’s law. Furthermore, it is applied successfully for estimating the drug properties on a simple condition or pharmaceutical preparations.

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Determination of Doxycycline Hyclate by Batch and Reverse Flow Injection Analysis Based on the Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone Hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.2.489-495 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 489-495

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Reverse Flow ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Green Water ◽

Doxycycline Hyclate ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction

New, simple and sensitive batch and reverse FIA spectrophotometric methods for the determination of doxycycline hyclate in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations were proposed. These methods based on oxidative coupling reaction between doxycycline hyclate and 3-methylbenzothiazolinone-2-hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) in the presence ammonium ceric sulfate in acidic medium, to form green water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorbance at 626 nm. A calibration graph shows that a Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1-80 and 0.5-110 ?g.mL-1 of DCH for the batch and rFIA respectively with detection limit of 0.325 ?g.mL-1 of DCH for r-FIA methods. All different chemicals and physical experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of DCH in pharmaceutical preparations.

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Spectrophotometric method for the determination of benzocaine by cerium ammonium sulphate with promethazine hydrochloride in pure and phar-maceuticals preparation

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.707 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1420-1423 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amal H. Mhemeed

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulphate ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Promethazine Hydrochloride ◽

Cerium Ammonium

Easy, the accurate, sensitive spectrophotometric method used to determine Benzocaine in a pure and pharmaceutical preparation. The proposed method depends on using Promethazine hydrochloride as a reagent. Where it depends on oxidative coupling reaction of benzocaine by cerium ammonium sulphate with promethazine hydrochloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form green dye product, lmax 615 nm. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration of (5 –300 µg.ml-1). The molar absorptivity is (1.77 * 10 3) L.mol -1.cm-1, a sandal sensitivity of (0.0098) µq.cm-2 and RSD (± 0.56 %). The method gave a successful determination for benzocaine in a pharmaceutical preparation.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Using 4-Nitroanilline by Oxidative Coupling Reaction

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.16.1.(suppl.).0194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 0194

Author(s):

Al-rashidy Et al.

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Coupling ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Suggested Method ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽

Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽

Relative Standard

A simple, rapid spectrophotometric method has been established for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) in its pure form and in a tablet formulations. The suggested method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction with4-nitroainlline using KIO3 in acidic solution to produce a violet colored product with maximum absorption at λ=526 nm.The analytical data obtained throughout this study could be summarid as follows: 1ml of 1M HCl (pH=2.2), 1 ml of 4-nitroanilline (1x10-2M), and 1.5ml of (1x10-2)KIO3 per 25 ml reaction medium. The order of additions, coupling reaction time, and temperature in addition to the type of solvent were studied. The Beer′s law is obeyed over the concentration range of(5–40) µg ml-1, but the detection limit and quantification limit are 0.34 besides 1.03 µg ml-1 respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) for the calibration graph was found to be 0.9980, molar absorptivity of 10. 25 × 103 L.mol -1.cm-1, and Sandell′s sensitivity index of 0.03467 µg.cm-2. The precision and accuracy of the method were tested by calculating the percentage of relative standard deviation (RSD%) (<1.831%) and the average recovery percent (99.22%) average error percent Erel%(0.558). Direct and standard addition procedures were applied to both standards and specimens of pharmaceutical and the results indicate that the suggested method was successfully applied for the determination of CPZ.

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