scholarly journals Determinants of Infant Mortality in Bhutan: Evidence from the 2012 National Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 255-273
Author(s):  
Tashi Dendup ◽  
◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra ◽  
Tashi Tobgay ◽  
Sonam Wangdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Fuel Use

This study examined the bio-demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and health-related determinants of infant mortality in the Kingdom of Bhutan. The nationally representative dataset of the 2012 National Health Survey (NHS), Ministry of Health of Bhutan, was used. Cox proportional hazards regression from survival analysis, accounting for the complex study design of the NHS, was performed using a stepwise approach to identify the determinants associated with infant mortality. The weighted infant mortality rate from November 2009 to October 2011 was 34 per 1,000 live births. Children born to uneducated mothers (aHR=2.27; 95%CI=1.16-4.47) and mothers who experienced domestic violence during pregnancy (aHR=4.24; 95%CI=1.45-12.41) were more likely to die before reaching their first birthday. Those infants born in households that used solid fuel were 2.16 times (95%CI=1.21-3.85) more likely to die than their counterparts. Relative to those born in the central region, children born in western (aHR=6.13; 95%CI=2.84-13.20) and the eastern (aHR=5.13; 95%CI=2.81-9.35) regions had a greater risk of dying. The results showed that education, domestic violence experience, solid fuel use, and region of residence are the key determinants of infant mortality in Bhutan. Policies that facilitate education and empowerment of women, prevent domestic violence, reduce solid fuel use, and equitable regional socioeconomic development policies may help accelerate the reduction of child mortality.

scholarly journals All-Cause Mortality Risk Associated With Solid Fuel Use Among Chinese Elderly People: A National Retrospective Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shisi Shen ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Xuchen Meng ◽  
Ying Deng ◽  
Shuwen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Clean Fuels

Background: The adverse health effects of air pollutants are widely reported, and the elderly are susceptible to toxic environments. This study aimed to evaluate the association between use of solid fuels for cooking and mortality among the elderly.Methods: A total of 5,732 and 3,869 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were enrolled in two (2014 and 2018) and three surveys (2011, 2014, and 2018) of survey. Cooking fuel was divided into clean and solid fuel. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the mortality hazard ratio (HR). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the potential interaction effect.Results: Among the participants in the 2011–2018 survey, 53% reported using solid fuel. Such group was associated with a 9% increase in mortality risk relative to clean fuel users (HR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18). Among participants in the 2014–2018 survey, 339 reported a switch from solid to clean fuels and they were not at increased mortality risk relative to the 488 people that reported a stable use of clean fuels (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.99–1.31) although the estimated HR was similar to the one for stable solid fuel users (HR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.04–1.36 n = 509). Interaction and stratified analyses showed that solid fuel use had an impact on mortality in participants who were non-current smokers, had low dietary diversity scores, and were living in areas with high PM2.5 concentrations (>50 μg/m3) and city population below 8 million (P for interaction < 0.05). The association was robust in the three sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: The finding showed a clear association between solid fuel use and mortality among older Chinese, and an even stronger association between risk of mortality and solid fuel use among individuals exposed to high levels of PM2.5.

Determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone: applying Cox proportional hazards model

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-726
Author(s):  
Lubna Naz ◽  
Kamalesh Kumar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine biological, maternal and socioeconomic determinants of infant mortality in Sierra Leone.Design/methodology/approachIt uses an analytical framework and Cox proportional hazards regression to break down the effects of factors determining infant mortality. Factors utilized in the empirical investigation include sex of the child, birth size, birth spacing, mother's working status, age of mother, antenatal care, postnatal care, mother's anemia level, religion, mother's education and wealth status.FindingsResults suggest that birth spacing of three years and above associated with a reduced risk of infant mortality contrasted with short birth intervals. Children born to nonanemic mothers have a lower hazard (22%) of infant mortality compared to those born to anemic mothers (HR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.96). At least one antenatal care visit by mothers lowers infant mortality rate by 41% compared to no antenatal visits at all ( HR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36–0.96). Similarly, infants whose mothers have received postnatal care are at lower risk (31%) of dying than those whose mothers have not received (HR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.93). Infant mortality is likely to decrease with the increase in the birth order.Practical implicationsThe family health and planning programs should aim at educating men and women about the usefulness of birth spacing methods.Originality/valueThis paper might be the first attempt to analyze the determinants of infant mortality by utilizing a methodological framework and Cox regression.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2019-0478.

scholarly journals Control of Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol among Adults with Diabetes: The Brazilian National Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3428
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Citton P. dos Reis ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Basic Standards

ABC (glucose, blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol) goals are basic standards of diabetes care. We aimed to assess ABC control and related factors in a representative sample of Brazilian adults with diabetes. We analyzed 465 adults with known diabetes in the Brazilian National Health Survey. The targets used were <7% for glycated hemoglobin (A1C); <140/90 mmHg for blood pressure; and <100 mg/dL for LDL-C, with stricter targets for the latter two for those with high cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Individual goals were attained by 46% (95% CI, 40.3–51.6%) for A1C, 51.4% (95% CI, 45.7–57.1%) for blood pressure, and 40% (95% CI, 34.5–45.6%) for LDL-C. The achievement of all three goals was attained by 12.5% (95% CI, 8.9–16.2%). Those with high CVD risk attained blood pressure and LDL-C goals less frequently. A1C control improved with increasing age and worsened with greater duration of diabetes. Achievement of at least two ABC goals decreased with increasing BMI and greater duration of diabetes. In sum, about half of those with known diabetes achieved each ABC goal and only a small fraction achieved all three goals. Better access and adherence to treatment and strategies to personalize goals according to specific priorities are of the essence.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Ability to Walk, Weight Status, and Multimorbidity Levels in Older Spanish People: The National Health Survey (2009–2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4333
Author(s):  
Pedro Ángel Latorre-Román ◽  
Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres ◽  
Ana Isabel Cobo-Cuenca ◽  
José Alberto Laredo-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Severe Difficulty ◽  
Chronic Health Problems

Background. Many studies have shown a relationship between physical functioning and health status in older people. Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze the temporal trends of physical activity (PA), ability to walk, weight status, self-perceived health, and disease or chronic health problems in people over 65 years from 2009 to 2017, using the European Health Survey in Spain and the National Health Survey in Spain. Methods. This study included 13,049 older people: 6026 (2330 men and 3696 women; age (mean, SD (Standard Deviation)) = 75.61 ± 7.11 years old) in 2009 and 7023 (2850 men and 4173 women; age (mean, SD) = 76.01 ± 7.57 years old) in 2017. Results. In 2017, older people exhibited lower values of moderate PA (p < 0.001), a lower number of hours of walking per week (p < 0.001), and worse self-perceived health status (p < 0.001) compared to 2009. These differences are maintained when comparing the sexes. Compliance with PA recommendations was 27.9% and 6.1% (chi-squared = 352.991, p < 0.001) in 2009 and 2017, respectively. There were no significant differences in weight status between older people in 2009 and 2017. In 2017, older people had significantly high percentages of disease or chronic health problems (p < 0.05), number of diseases (p < 0.001), severe difficulty walking 500 m without assistance (p < 0.05), and severe difficulty going up or down 12 stairs. Conclusions. From 2009 to 2017, Spanish older people worsened their PA levels and perception of their health status, and they increased their disease levels, which could be associated with the worsening of ability to walk in 2017.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable diseases and the use of health services: analysis of the National Health Survey in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal ◽  
Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽  
Silvânia Suely Caribé de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Use Of Health Services

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess whether sex, education level, and health insurance affect the use of health services among the adult Brazilian population with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD). METHODS Data from a cross-sectional survey were analyzed, the National Health Survey (PNS). Frequency of use of services in the population that referred at least one NCD were compared with the frequency from a population that did not report NCD, according to sex, education level, health insurance, and NCD number (1, 2, 3, 4, or more). The prevalence and prevalence ratios were calculated crude and adjusted for sex, age, region, and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The presence of a noncommunicable disease was associated with increase in hospitalizations in the last 12 months, in 1.7 times (95%CI 1.53–1.9). Failing to perform usual activities in the last two weeks for health reasons was 3.1 times higher in NCD carriers (95%CI 2.78–3.46); while the prevalence of medical consultation in the last 12 months was 1.26 times higher (95%CI 1.24–1.28). NCD carriers make more use of health services, as well as women, people with higher number of comorbidities, with health insurance, and higher education level. CONCLUSIONS NCD carriers make more use of health services, as well as women, people with higher number of comorbidities, with health insurance, and higher education level.

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