scholarly journals The systems of demonstrative pronouns and derivative adverbs in the Dargin languages

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Rasul Osmanovich Mutalov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Mountain Terrain ◽  
Field Linguistics ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Historical Grammar

This article is examines the demonstrative pronouns and derivative adverbs in a number of the Dargin languages and dialects. The Dargin languages have a rich deictic system that helps the native speakers to navigate in the severe conditions of mountain terrain, and found its reflection in pronouns and spatial adverbs. Recent changes observed in the traditional way of life of highlanders, along with the migration processes, lead to extinction of this layer of lexicon. The problem of early documentation and research of locative adverbs retains its relevance. The goal of this article lies in comparative analysis of the systems of demonstrative pronouns and spatial adverbs in different Dargin idioms. For achieving the set goal, the article employs descriptive methods and methods of field linguistics. This article is first to conduct the comparative analysis of locative adverbial form, which defines its scientific novelty. As a result, description is given to the deictic systems of pronouns and adverbs in the Akushin, Urakhin, Kajtak, Sanzhin and Itsari idioms. It is established that most Dargin idioms feature two forms of demonstrative pronouns, which differ depending on the visibility or vastness of the object. Various affixes allow forming spatial adverbs that can function in one of the local cases – lative, directive, essive, or elative. The obtained results can be valuable in preparing comparative-historical grammar of the Dargin languages.

The Concept of Wife in Russian and English Linguistic Consciousness

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Tat’yana V. Borisenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Assimilation Process ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
World Image

This paper aimed to study the content of the concept of wife in Russian and English-speaking linguocultures. The research will broaden the understanding of linguistic consciousness of Russian and English native speakers as well as identify some peculiarities of their world image. It is important to study the national world image today, as it can help to improve mutual understanding between cultures and simplify the assimilation process for those who decide to immigrate for some reason or other. The author utilized the methods of linguocultural and comparative analysis, as well as of associative-verbal nets study suggested by Yu.N. Karaulov. They include comparing associative-verbal nets by respondents’ first two reactions, identifying the most frequent types of answers, and grouping the responses into semantic zones. Further, the article analyses the synonymic chains of the word wife and explains the significance of this concept in Russian and English-speaking linguocultures, as well as identifies common semantic groups for the concept (wedding, household) and determines a common response to the stimulus in the two linguocultures. In addition, the paper traces differences in the perception of the concept of wife and singles out various semantic zones and their key elements. The research found that for many Russian native speakers, this concept contains such features as faith and belonging to someone, while in English linguistic consciousness it includes gender and partnership.

scholarly journals New Perspectives on the Urban–Rural Dichotomy and Dialect Contact in the Arabic gələt Dialects in Iraq and South-West Iran

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Bettina Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Geographic Context ◽  
Urban Rural

This paper reevaluates the ground on which the division into urban and rural gələt dialects, as spoken in Iraq and Khuzestan (south-western Iran), is built on. Its primary aim is to describe which features found in this dialect group can be described as rural and which features tend to be modified or to emerge in urban contexts, and which tend to be retained. The author uses various methodical approaches to describe these phenomena: (i) a comparative analysis of potentially rural features; (ii) a case study of Ahvazi Arabic, a gələt dialect in an emerging urban space; and (iii) a small-scale sociolinguistic survey on overt rural features in Iraqi Arabic as perceived by native speakers themselves. In addition, previously used descriptions of urban gələt features as described for Muslim Baghdad Arabic are reevaluated and a new approach and an alternative analysis based on comparison with new data from other gәlәt dialects are proposed. The comparative analysis yields an overview of what has been previously defined as rural features and additionally discusses further features and their association with rural dialects. This contributes to our general understanding of the linguistic profile of the rural dialects in this geographic context.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Lifestyle for an Uncultured Archaeon from Hydrothermal Vents: Evidence from Environmental Genomics

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2268-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Moussard ◽  
Ghislaine Henneke ◽  
David Moreira ◽  
Vincent Jouffe ◽  
Purificacion López-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Thermoplasma Acidophilum ◽  
Environmental Genomics ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Thermophilic Archaeon ◽  
Uncultured Archaea

ABSTRACT We present a comparative analysis of two genome fragments isolated from a diverse and widely distributed group of uncultured euryarchaea from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The optimal activity and thermostability of a DNA polymerase predicted in one fragment were close to that of the thermophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum, providing evidence for a thermophilic way of life of this group of uncultured archaea.

scholarly journals Investigation of the semantics of the proper name as a phenomenon of linguistic consciousness (according to psycholinguistic experiments)

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Mairbek R. Makhaev ◽  
Iosif A. Sternin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Limited Volume ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
Proper Name

This article deals with the problem of the semantics of proper names. It is stated that onyms, in addition to lexicographic meanings recorded in toponymic dictionaries, also have psycholinguistic meanings. Lexicographic meanings are traditionally described in dictionaries in accordance with the principle of reductionism, which involves minimizing the features included in the meaning with a limited volume of the dictionary entry. Numerous experiments have allowed us to discover a new kind of meaning, which we call psycholinguistic. Psycholinguistic meaning is a meaning that is actually represented in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of a particular language. The psycholinguistic meaning is identified and described in accordance with the algorithm developed by us in 5 stages: 1) conducting psycholinguistic experiments 2) constructing associative fields of word-stimuli, which are a set of associative responses to verbal stimuli, ordered in descending order of frequency, obtained during psycholinguistic experiments 3) semantic interpretation of associative fields and identification of semantic components 4) sememic attribution of semes and the formulation of the final psycholinguistic meaning 5) contrastive analysis, it includes a comparison of regional variants of psycholinguistic meanings. In this article, this algorithm is described by analyzing the semantics of the toponym “Voronezh”. The psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was revealed as a result of semantic interpretation of the data obtained during psycholinguistic experiments in Voronezh and Grozny. The brightness indices of semantic components and sememes, according to which their field affiliation is determined, are calculated. False semes were detected. A comparative analysis of regional (Voronezh and Grozny) variants of meanings with each other, as well as with the lexicographic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh”, recorded in the dictionary of E. M. Pospelov, is carried out.

scholarly journals Conflict and Reconciliation of Ambivalence and Hybridity in A Passage to India and A Passage to England

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Mahmoda Khaton Siddika
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Proper Sense ◽  
Synthesis Technique ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude

The ambivalence for the attraction and repulsion shapes the colonizer and colonized’s duality sense for integrating each other’s way of life. It leads to create a hybridity sense, but this hybridity turns to mimicry. Forster’s A Passage to India portrays this sense through the character analysis. This novel exposes the ambivalent attitude of the Indians and the English to adopt the respective culture as the ruler and the ruled in India leading to hybridity sense. The development of events in the novel also shows some distorted sense in the character’s relationship and individual personality that creates a kind of tension. Chaudhuri, in his travelogue with his colonial experience, shapes his ambivalent attitude to integrate into the English traits. But his real experience with the West confirms his previous knowledge and he adopts his proper sense of hybridity by praising almost everything in western life and by showing the limitation of his country’s way of life. But his presentation in the travelogue makes a question of his stereotyped personality. The article initiates to explore reconciliation in this tension, applying the thesis-antithesis-synthesis technique through the comparative analysis of these two books.

A comparative Analysis of apology Speech acts between American English and Iraqi Kurdish

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rawshan Ibrahim Tahir ◽  
Ambigapathy Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Explicit Expression ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
American English ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Strategies

The present study is a comparative analysis of apology speech acts in both native speakers of Kurdish and native speakers of American English. It aims at finding out the similarities and differences in the strategies used to apologize in both languages. Therefore, a Discourse completion Task (DCT) questionnaire consisted of 15 situations was used to collect the data from 50 native speakers of English and 50 native speakers of Kurdish language. The findings revealed that both languages used similar five main strategies to apologize which confirm the universality of speech acts. However, the differences came out in the use of sub-strategies of an explicit expression of apology; native speakers of English used more an expression of regret strategy to perform an apology while native speakers of Kurdish used offer of an apology strategy more to apologize. Furthermore, the differences occurred in the frequency of strategies used to apologize in both languages. The study also revealed the occurrence of other new strategies in Kurdish Language that did not exist in English languag

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HARITA VARGA DRAVYA IN VARIOUS SEASONS AND DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5064-5072
Author(s):  
Dogra Akanksha ◽  
Jagota Ankush
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Concept Of Health ◽  
Different Seasons

Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine bestowed on humanity by the great sages of India. Ayurveda lays great emphasis on the concept of health and this is one of its strengths. It is more a way of life and de-scribes methods for promotion and maintenance of positive health. Importance of diet in the promotion of health has been shown by describing various Aahara Varga in different Ayurvedic texts. Harita Varga is one of the 12 Aahara Varga described by Aacharya Charaka. It includes Aahara Dravya (green leafy vegetables, dried fruits and tubers) which are used in daily routine and are very familiar among one and all. Every Dravya mentioned there possess different properties and understanding those properties is very es-sential in present era where everyone is conscious about the diet. Also, for the promotion of health season-al regimen is given prime importance in our Ayurvedic texts. Aahara when used in an appropriate way can be used as a medicine in various diseases. The main objective of this article is to understand the use of Harita Varga Dravya in different seasons and various diseases. An attempt has been made to explain the use of Harita Varga Dravya in different seasons and diseases based on Ayurvedic and Modern pharmacol-ogy.

“Vyatskie – rebyata khvatskie… (The brave young men of Vyatka region)” (Irtysh Land folklore texts about the “Vyatskie”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
N. K. Kozlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Common

In the “patchwork” resettlement space of Siberia, including the Omsk Irtysh Land, a group of immigrants from Vyatka province and their descendants is especially distinguished among the Russians. “The Vyatskie” settled in separate communities, mainly in the northern regions of the Omsk region. In the second half of the 20th century, in Siberian conditions, the Vyatskie mostly lost the peculiarities of their dialect and way of life. This paper considers one “peculiarity” of their folklore heritage. These are sayings, anecdotes, and household tales about the extreme foolishness of the Vyatskie. The texts under study were conditionally di-vided into 4 groups: sayings expressed in one word or phrase that reflect the specific features of life and speech of the Vyatskie; sayings close in the genre to proverbs and adages; sayings retelling some plotless anecdotal situation; anecdotes and household tales. Each text is com-pared with the data of the ethnographic and historical-cultural essay of D. K. Zelenin, “Folk Sayings and Anecdotes about Russian People of the Vyatka Region.” The analysis led to the conclusion that the folklore texts about the foolishness of the Vyatskie were brought to Sibe-ria by immigrants from Vyatka province. A comparative analysis allowed compiling an index of anecdotal stories about the Vyatskie, with a color designation showing the plots found by the author only in the article referred to or only in the materials of the Omsk archives and in-dicating the common plots. Not only does the index reveal the pattern of existence of the aforementioned folklore texts of Irtysh Land but is expected to become a kind of “question-naire” for further fieldwork aimed at studying the folklore heritage of this group of Siberian immigrants.

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