Analytical Study of Heat Transfer When Heating or Cooling a Limited Volume of Liquid

The paper shows the results of analytical studies of heat transfer when heating or cooling a limited volume of liquid. The purpose of the research was to determine the size of the heat transfer surface, with the initial parameters of the coolants, the final temperature in the reactor and its thermal equivalent, as well as the flow rate of the second coolant through the heat exchanger corresponding to the water equivalent at a given cooling time τo. Moreover, if intensive mixing is carried out in the vessel, i.e., if the temperature of the second heat carrier practically does not change along the length of the heat transfer surface, then W2 → ∞. The solution was based on the Laplace --- Carson integral transform. The exact solution was converted for special cases of heat transfer. In particular, it should be noted that in many practical cases formulas give a fairly good approximation to the exact solution. Only at low values of the heat transfer coefficient, as well as when the volume occupied by the coolant inside the heat exchanger is commensurate with the volume of the liquid contained in the vessel, it is necessary to apply the given exact solution

Dynamics of Toxorhynchites splendens population in the Larval phase at a rubber plantation in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Muhamat, Hadisusanto S, Umniyati SR, Soesilohadi RCH. 2021. Dynamics of Toxorhynchites splendens population in the Larval phase at a rubber plantation in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4915-4922. This study aims to describe a water-filled rubber sap bowl as a habitat for larval Toxorhynchites splendens. The research used a quota drive count method, taking the first 10 rubber sap bowls found in the study area: (i) with larval Tx. splendens, (ii) with other mosquito larvae, (iii) with water but without mosquito larvae, and (iv) without water. The number of larval Tx. splendens was calculated based on the developmental phase and other mosquito larvae present in each bowl. Environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind velocity, and duration of irradiation were the additional data. The results of this study showed that the average frequency of On average, over 20% of bowls contained larval Tx. splendens, and the percentage increased in high rainfall. During low rainfall in August and September, Tx. splendens used water-filled rubber sap bowls as breeding places. This study concludes that Tx. splendens can make use of water-filled rubber sap bowls as places for breeding. Each rubber sap bowl contained one or more individuals of instar larvae 2, and the number decreased as the developmental phase continued because of the limited volume of water in the bowl, cannibalism, and the number of other mosquito larvae as prey.

Determination of protein stoichiometries via dual-color colocalization with single molecule localization microscopy

The stoichiometry of plasma membrane protein complexes is an important determinant of their function and of interactions between the individual proteins. Most approaches used to address this question rely on extracting these complexes from their native environment, which may disrupt weaker interactions. Therefore, microscopy techniques have been increasingly used in recent years to determine protein stoichiometries in situ. Classical light microscopy suffers from insufficient resolution, but super-resolution methods such as single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can circumvent this problem. When using SMLM to determine protein stoichiometries, subunits are labeled with fluorescent proteins that only emit light following activation or conversion at different wavelengths. Typically, individual signals are counted based on a binomial distribution analysis of emission events detected within the same diffraction-limited volume. This strategy requires low background noise, a high detection efficiency for the fluorescent tag and intensive post-imaging data processing. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new method based on SMLM to determine the stoichiometry of plasma membrane proteins. Our dual-color colocalization (DCC) approach allows for accurate in situ counting even with low efficiencies of fluorescent protein detection. In addition, it is robust in the presence of background signals and does not require strong temporal separation of emission events within the same diffraction-limited volume, which greatly simplifies data acquisition and processing. We used DCC-SMLM to resolve the controversy surrounding the stoichiometries of two SLC26 multifunctional anion exchangers and to determine the stoichiometries of four members of the SLC17 family of organic anion transporters.

Feminist Issues and the Popularity of Feminist Literature in the World and Vietnam

Currently, feminism and feminist movements seem to have become “popular” and is extremely in favor of all aspects of social life. Especially in the field of literature, the trend of feminist research shows that the need for equality and charity as well as the fight for gender equality is becoming more and more urgent both in the world and Vietnam. This is a large and in-depth research topic, but with the limited volume of the article, the author only mentions feminism issues, feminist theory as well as the popularity of feminist literature. At present time comparing and contrasting feminist literature in the world as well as in Vietnam so far. Since then, it is clear that the value of feminist literature and the popularity of feminist literature is an inevitable development in the current gender equality trend.

The value of values-based supply chains: farmer perspective

In the last few decades, the emergence of mid-scale, intermediated marketing channels that fall between commodity and direct markets has attracted growing interest from scholars for their potential to preserve small and mid-sized farms while scaling up alternative agrifood sourcing. When such mid-scale supply chains are formed among multiple business partners with shared ethics or values related to the qualities of the food and the business relationships along the supply chain, they may be termed “values-based supply chains (VBSCs).” Most of the research on VBSCs to date has relied primarily on a case study approach that investigates the performance of VBSCs from the perspective of VBSC founders or leaders. In contrast, this research seeks out the perspectives of farmers who participate in VBSCs. A nationwide farmer survey conducted in 2017 offers original insights on farmer motivations for participating in VBSCs and how they are being used by farmers relative to other marketing channels. We find that VBSCs serve farms of all sizes. Overall, smaller farms were more likely to market a higher percentage of overall sales through their VBSC and more likely to rank their VBSC as one of the top three marketing channels in their portfolio. But it was the larger farms that were more likely to perceive VBSC-specific benefits. Our findings confirm that while there is a limited volume of product that such regional supply chains can currently handle, farmers view VBSCs as a valuable marketing option that aligns with their own values and preserves their product’s identity.

Lung Ultrasound Assisted Comparison of Volume Effects of Fluid Replacement Regimens in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Penile Hypospadias Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Effective perioperative fluid therapy is a great consideration. Objectives: Using lung ultrasound (LUS), this study evaluated the preference of the conventional and restrictive fluid replacement regimens for their volume impact in pediatric patients undergoing a relatively long procedure with limited volume loss (hypospadias repair). Methods: Eighty pediatric patients scheduled for hypospadias repair surgery were enrolled for conventional (CG) or restrictive fluid management groups (RG). The CG obtained Ringer's lactate at the conventional calculated doses, while the RG obtained infusion of Ringer's lactate at a rate of 3 mL/kg/h. B-line numbers in the LUS, recovery score, urine output, blood pressure (BP), heart rate HR, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. Results: As evidenced by the LUS, RG showed a higher incidence of normal lung morphology with a mean and SD of 1.3 ± 2.2 for B-line numbers, whereas, in CG, they were 3.1 ± 2.2 with a P-value < 0.001. Urine output was 3.2 ± 0.8 and 2.9 ± 0.7 for CG and RG, respectively, with a P-value equal to 0.07. HR, BP, and SpO2 differences between groups were statistically insignificant. The recovery score was higher in RG (5.8 ± 0.4) than in CG (5.1 ± 0.8) at the first postoperative 20 minutes, with a P-value < 0.001. Conclusions: In lengthy procedures with limited volume loss, using a moderately restrictive regimen is preferred over the conventional intraoperative fluid regimen considering both respiratory dysfunctions and recovery score.

Investigation of the semantics of the proper name as a phenomenon of linguistic consciousness (according to psycholinguistic experiments)

This article deals with the problem of the semantics of proper names. It is stated that onyms, in addition to lexicographic meanings recorded in toponymic dictionaries, also have psycholinguistic meanings. Lexicographic meanings are traditionally described in dictionaries in accordance with the principle of reductionism, which involves minimizing the features included in the meaning with a limited volume of the dictionary entry. Numerous experiments have allowed us to discover a new kind of meaning, which we call psycholinguistic. Psycholinguistic meaning is a meaning that is actually represented in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of a particular language. The psycholinguistic meaning is identified and described in accordance with the algorithm developed by us in 5 stages: 1) conducting psycholinguistic experiments 2) constructing associative fields of word-stimuli, which are a set of associative responses to verbal stimuli, ordered in descending order of frequency, obtained during psycholinguistic experiments 3) semantic interpretation of associative fields and identification of semantic components 4) sememic attribution of semes and the formulation of the final psycholinguistic meaning 5) contrastive analysis, it includes a comparison of regional variants of psycholinguistic meanings. In this article, this algorithm is described by analyzing the semantics of the toponym “Voronezh”. The psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was revealed as a result of semantic interpretation of the data obtained during psycholinguistic experiments in Voronezh and Grozny. The brightness indices of semantic components and sememes, according to which their field affiliation is determined, are calculated. False semes were detected. A comparative analysis of regional (Voronezh and Grozny) variants of meanings with each other, as well as with the lexicographic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh”, recorded in the dictionary of E. M. Pospelov, is carried out.

Geoinformation mapping of the Irkutsk city suburbanization

The research is devoted to the process of suburbanization on the example the Irkutsk city agglomeration. The suburbanization is one of the stages of agglomeration development. Mapping and geoinformation methods are particularly important in the our study. They provide extensive opportunities for complex operational mapping and analysis of the suburbanization, in determining its current boundaries and development directions in the Irkutsk agglomeration. We have created a series of maps showing various aspects of the study area (population change, transport accessibility, development dynamics of buildings, air pollution, soil contamination, maps of accessibility of socio-economic infrastructure, etc.). Many of them are not presented in the article due to limited volume. As a result of the study, the specifics of the development of the Irkutsk suburb were noted and the main factors of its development were determined. Transport accessibility is one of the main factors in the formation of a network of suburban settlements. This research has a great scientific and practical significance for science and management structures.