scholarly journals Bi-level perception and color modes. Contrast ratio and complementarity of colors

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Achromatic Color ◽  
External Context ◽  
Internal Context

For the “Self”, color is a color text, a structure consisting of two elements: internal context (content: tone, saturation, brightness) and external context (conditions under which color actualizes in a situation: lightness, proximity, etc.). Perception of the color is when the content overlays the conditions. The modes of color are revealed depending on the ratio of indicated contexts. There are three color modes: visible, invisible, and colorless. The goal of this article is to describe the color modes, and their correlation with contrast and complementarity of colors, what entails bi-level perception of color. The article employs situational and phenomenological approaches. Visible color for the “Self” occurs when the internal context completely overlays the external context. Invisible color occurs in the presence of internal context and absence of one or more external factors: no tone, no contrast with background, etc. “Colorless” mode occurs when the internal context is not fully set in the situation of presence of the external context: no tone, saturation, or brightness. Color in the “colorless” mode is achromatic. The compatibility of separate colors within the color text leads to the phenomena of complementarity and contrast ratio, which are interrelated with the color modes. There are two levels of color perception: 1) fundamental, i.e. is the perception of achromatic color with gradations from sharply white to pure black; gray color with varying degrees of brightness is present in chromatic colors (as the “base”); 2) perception of the chromatic colors, founded on the colorless “base”. Such bi-level perception of color is substantiated by the fact that the consciousness seeks harmony and balance, i.e. minimization of perception of the visual.

Building Research Capacity in Nursing Academia in 2020: Is the Road Less Perilous?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Tranmer ◽  
Joan Almost ◽  
Pilar Camargo Plazas ◽  
Lenora Duhn ◽  
Jacqueline Galica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Building Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
External Context ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Internal Context

Background Building research capacity in nursing academic units continues to be a challenge. There are a number of external contextual factors and internal factors that influence individual faculty as well as the collective to engage successfully in research. Purpose The overall aim of this opinion article is to provide an overview of the current external and internal, processes and structures, relevant to capacity of nursing faculty to engage in research. Methods To inform the external context, we reviewed national research funding trends for nursing. To inform the internal context, we provided an exemplar of the internal processes and structures designed to support research capacity building within our academic unit. Results Canadian Institutes of Health Research funding trends for research grants led by nurse principal applicants increased between 2010 and 2013, followed by a steady decline. In 2017 to 2018, there were only 24 research grants led by nurse principal applicants. These external challenges coupled with the traditional internal barriers, such as the imbalance between teaching and research time, threaten research capacity for nursing academics. Conclusion Organizational strategies to promote research capacity within academic nursing units are a necessary requirement to move forward.

Conceptual Framework For Revival Strategy Of A Sick Company - A Case Study

Paradigm ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Anil K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Strategy ◽  
External Context ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Internal Context ◽  
Working Out

While working out revival strategy for a sick company, close scrutiny of internal as well as external context could help in a significant manner. Internal context may be viewed in relation to strengths and weaknesses of the organisation whereas, external context will explain the opportunities and threats provided by the environment. Under internal context, besides many other things calculation of Break-Even Point can help in devising the required strategy. BEP may indicate whether sales improvement or cost reduction strategy will help the company to come out of the present state of affairs. Broadly, keeping this in view, the present study has been conducted by reviewing a sick multi-product pharmaceuticals Indian Public Sector Company named as Bengal Immunity Limited. Further, what may be the other things required to bring the company back on wheels have also been considered and suggested.

scholarly journals The Quantum Nature of Color Perception: Uncertainty Relations for Chromatic Opposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Michel Berthier ◽  
Edoardo Provenzi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Achromatic Color ◽  
Quantum Nature ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
First Results ◽  
Quantum Framework

In this paper, we provide an overview on the foundation and first results of a very recent quantum theory of color perception, together with novel results about uncertainty relations for chromatic opposition. The major inspiration for this model is the 1974 remarkable work by H.L. Resnikoff, who had the idea to give up the analysis of the space of perceived colors through metameric classes of spectra in favor of the study of its algebraic properties. This strategy permitted to reveal the importance of hyperbolic geometry in colorimetry. Starting from these premises, we show how Resnikoff’s construction can be extended to a geometrically rich quantum framework, where the concepts of achromatic color, hue and saturation can be rigorously defined. Moreover, the analysis of pure and mixed quantum chromatic states leads to a deep understanding of chromatic opposition and its role in the encoding of visual signals. We complete our paper by proving the existence of uncertainty relations for the degree of chromatic opposition, thus providing a theoretical confirmation of the quantum nature of color perception.

scholarly journals The Paradox of Perception and Knowledge of Flood Victims towards Flood Causes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Shaharudin ◽  
Nik Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman ◽  
M.I. Syakir ◽  
M. Tajul Arifin ◽  
Mohd Omar Ab Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
External Context ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Internal Context ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to unravel the paradox of perceptions and knowledge of the flood victims towards the causes of the disaster in both internal and external context. Internal context comprises of a comparison of perceptions and knowledge based on individual characteristics (age, gender, education and income). Whereas, the external context includes the factors of the awareness of the victims towards the amount of rainfall, the impact of land use changes as well as the negligence of the responsible parties. The main objective of this study is to determine the differences of perception and knowledge of December 2014 flood victims in Kelantan towards the factors that lead to the flood. This disaster had resulted in huge amount of money loss as well as traumatize the victims in which can be felt to this day. Since that incident, there were various points of view and different perceptions in finding the cause of the disaster occurred. Besides that, the study found that the level of perception and knowledge as to the cause of the disaster is different in the internal context (individual characteristics). This difference has a significant influence on the awareness of the causes of the floods that occurred in the external context. Significant relationships at the level of p <0.05 has existed between perception and knowledge of the causes of the disaster victims affected by environmental changes in the last 10 years. This indicates that although the victim is aware of the physical environment changes happening around them, but all that is seen as not a major contributing factor to the cause of the floods in Kelantan in 2014.

scholarly journals HERMENEUTIKA NASHR HAMID ABU ZAYD: Analisis Hadis-Hadis Perceraian

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Taufik Kurahman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
External Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Context ◽  
Internal Context

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">Perceraian tentu tidak diharapkan oleh keluarga mana pun, kecuali jika memang keadaan telah mendesak. Bahkan, Nabi menjelaskan bahwa meskipun perceraian adalah perkara yang diperbolehkan, namun ia merupakan masalah yang paling dibenci Tuhan. Dua persoalan yang selalu dibahas adalah tentang hak mengajukan perceraian dan konsep talak tiga, yang hingga kini dirasa lebih menguntungkan pihak suami. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji kembali beragam hal pokok dalam masalah perceraian yang berkaitan dengan tatanan masyarakat modern. Beberapa masalah yang dimaksud adalah hak menginisiasi perceraian, maksud talak tiga, dan rujuk. Hermeneutika Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd digunakan sebagai pisau bedahnya. Penggunaan hermeneutika Abu Zayd dalam masalah perceraian dianggap sesuai karena hermeneutikanya dikembangkan untuk menjawab kesenjangan-kesenjangan sosial dan HAM, khususnya hal-hal yang berkaitan antara laki-laki dan perempuan, sebagaimana yang dicontohkannya dalam masalah poligami dan hak waris. Dengan menggunakan teori lima konteks hermeneutika Abu Zayd, yaitu konteks sosio-kultural, konteks eksternal, konteks internal, konteks bahasa, dan konteks takwil, penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Islam tidak menghendaki perceraian. Bahkan, dalam bahasa yang lebih ekstrim, dapat dikatakan bahwa perceraian dilarang dalam agama Islam. Nas-nas Islami menunjukkan bagaimana perceraian menjadi pilihan terakhir bagi hubungan suami-istri.</span></p><p class="06IsiAbstrak">[</p><p class="06IsiAbstrak"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd’s Hermeneutics: Analysis Hadiths of Divorce. </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">It is not expected by any family, unless the circumstances have been urgent. The Prophet explained that although divorce is a permissible issue, it is a decision that God hates the most. Two issue that are always discussed by scholar in this issue are the right to file for divorce and the concept of “talak tiga” (the third divorcing), which is considered favor husbands over wifes. The article was written to reexamine various main divorce issues in modern views. Some of the probles are the right to file for divorce, the purpose of talak tiga, and the reconciliation. For these purposes, the author uses Nashr Hamid Abu Zayd’s hermeneutics as a approach. The use of Abu Zayd’s hermeneutics is divorce issues is approriate, because his hermeneutics were developed to address the social and human right gaps, especially issues relating to men and women, as he exemplified in the problem of polygamy and inhertance rights. By using Abu Zayd’s theory of five hermeneutical contexts, namely the socio-cultural context, external context, internal context, language context, and takwil context, the research resulted in the conclusion that Islam does not want the divorce happen. Even, it can be said that divorce is prohibitted in Islam. Islamic texts show how divorce is the last option for a marriage relationship.</span>]</p>

scholarly journals A context-based study of serendipity in information research among Chinese scholars

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-551
Author(s):  
Xiaosong Zhou ◽  
Xu Sun ◽  
Qingfeng Wang ◽  
Sarah Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Context Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
Internal Context ◽  
Different Cultures

Purpose The current understanding of serendipity is based primarily on studies employing westerners as the participants, and it remains uncertain whether or not this understanding would be pervasive under different cultures, such as in China. In addition, there is not a sufficient systematic investigation of context during the occurrence of serendipity in current studies. The purpose of this paper is to examine the above issues by conducting a follow-up empirical study with a group of Chinese scholars. Design/methodology/approach The social media application “WeChat” was employed as a research tool. A diary-based study was conducted and 16 participants were required to send to the researchers any cases of serendipity they encountered during a period of two weeks, and this was followed by a post-interview. Findings Chinese scholars experienced serendipity in line with the three main processes of: encountering unexpectedness, connection-making and recognising the value. An updated context-based serendipity model was constructed, where the role of context during each episode of experiencing serendipity was identified, including the external context (e.g. time, location and status), the social context and the internal context (e.g. precipitating conditions, sagacity/perceptiveness and emotion). Originality/value The updated context model provides a further understanding of the role played by context during the different processes of serendipity. The framework for experiencing serendipity has been expanded, and this may be used to classify the categories of serendipity.

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