scholarly journals Laboratory investigation of co-precipitation of CaCO3/BaCO3 mineral scale solids at oilfield operating conditions: Impact of brine chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhang ◽  
Amy T. Kan ◽  
Mason B. Tomson ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Saturation Level ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Brine Chemistry ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Oilfield Operations ◽  
The Impact

Oilfield mineral scale deposition can become severe flow assurance challenge especially for offshore deepwater productions. Hazards arising from scale formation and subsequent deposition include production system throughput reduction and eventually blockage. Among various types of scales, carbonates are among the most frequently observed scales in oilfield operations. Similar to many natural and industrial processes, co-precipitation of multiple scales can commonly be observed in oilfield operations. Although extensive research efforts have been made in the domain of understanding the thermodynamics of scale formation, there are limited studies to investigate the kinetic aspect of scale formation, particularly the kinetics of co-precipitation of multiple scales. In this study, the kinetic characteristics of CaCO3/BaCO3 co-precipitation have been experimentally investigated at representative oilfield conditions of 80 °C and 1 M NaCl condition. The focus was given to the investigation of the impact of different brine chemistry conditions such as mineral saturation level and Ca to Ba molar ratio. The experimental results suggest that CaCO3 saturation level, substrate material and molar ratio can impact the nature and morphology of the carbonate scales formed. An elevation of CaCO3 saturation index from 0.6 to 2 will change the formed carbonate solids from calcite to aragonite. In addition, at a Ca:Ba molar ratio of 1:15 with an excessive aqueous Ba species available, Ba species can partition into CaCO3 crystal lattice to distort CaCO3 lattice, resulting in almost 2-fold increase in aqueous Ca concentration. The results and conclusions from this study have the potential to benefit oilfield scale control strategy development, particularly the one related to carbonate scale formation control.

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Hydrogen Cyanide on Cu-Al Catalyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 1094 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Lin Xia Yan ◽  
Sen Lin Tian ◽  
Qiu Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Cu-Al catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method to study hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide. During the synthesis, the impact of Cu/Al molar ratio, pH value and calcination temperature was investigated and the best synthesis condition was found. The results indicate that the remove of hydrogen cyanide first increases and then decreases with increasing Cu/Al molar ratio, pH value and calcination temperature, which reaches the maxima and remains above 95% at 360 min when Cu/Al molar ratio is 2:1, pH value is approximately 8.0 and calcination temperature is 400°C around. The analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that Cu content is the main influence factor at Cu/Al molar ratio below 2:1 whereas crystallinity of catalysts is the key factor at Cu/Al molar ratio above 2:1.

A Semiempirical Model for Predicting Celestite Scale Formation and Inhibition in Oilfield Operating Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Zhaoyi Joey Dai ◽  
Chong Dai ◽  
Samridhdi Paudyal ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saturation Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semiempirical Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Laser Apparatus ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Scale Control

Abstract Mineral scale formation has always been a serious problem during production. Most scales can be treated by adding threshold scale inhibitors. Several crystallization and inhibition models have previously been reported to predict the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) needed to control the barite and calcite scale. Recently, more attentions have been paid to the formation of celestite scale in the oilfield. However, no related models have been developed to help determine the MIC needed for the celestite scale control. Therefore, in this study, the crystallization and inhibition kinetics data of celestite under a wide range of celestite saturation index (SI = 0.7 – 2.6), temperature (T = 25 – 90 °C), ionic strength (IS = 1.075 – 3.075 M) and pH (4 – 6.7) with one phosphonate inhibitor (diethylenetriamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid, DTPMP) and two polymeric inhibitors (phophinopolycarboxylate, PPCA and polyvinyl sulfonate, PVS) were measured by laser apparatus or collected from previous studies. Then, based on the results, the celestite crystallization and inhibition models were established accordingly. Good agreements between the experimental results and calculated results from the models can be found. By using these newly developed models, the MIC needed for three commonly seen inhibitors, DTPMP, PPCA and PVS on celestite scale control can be predicted under extensive production conditions. The developed models can fill in the blank in scaling management strategies for high Sr2+ and SO42- concentrations in the produced waters.

scholarly journals CeO2:Mn3O4 Catalytic Micro-Converters Tuned for CH4 Detection Based on Catalytic Combustion under Real Operating Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2196
Author(s):  
Cristian E. Simion ◽  
Ovidiu G. Florea ◽  
Mihaela Florea ◽  
Florentina Neaţu ◽  
Ştefan Neaţu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Mesoporous CeO2:Mn3O4 materials (3:7 and 7:3 molar ratio) were prepared by co-precipitation and deposited as porous thick films over alumina (Al2O3) planar substrate provided with Pt meander. The aim was oriented towards detecting low levels methane (CH4) at moderate operating temperatures. Herein we demonstrated that the sensitivity of catalytic micro-converters (CMCs) towards a given peak of CH4 concentration corresponds to specific gas-surface interaction phenomena. More precisely, a transition from thermal conductivity to combustion rate is likely to occur when CMCs are operated under real atmospheric conditions (normal pressure, presence of relative humidity, and constant operating temperature). The response to CH4 was analyzed over different gas flows and different gas concentrations under the same operating regime. The materials were fully characterized by adsorption-desorption isotherms, H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopies. Thus, the applicative aspect of using CeO2:Mn3O4 as moderate temperature CMC for CH4 detection is brought to the fore.

scholarly journals Multi-purpose inhibitors for the oil industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 931 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
B N Driker ◽  
A A Protazanov ◽  
N V Tsirulnikova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Mineral Scale

Abstract The issue of mineral scale formation in pipelines and technological equipment and metal corrosion of continues to be relevant for industrial plants, including oil-producing and oilrefining industries. The simplest and most available way to solve these problems is to use organophosphonates (OP) and low-molecular-weight polymers (MM<1000) as inhibitors. Complexonates with alkaline-earth metals (Me) have been synthesized on basis of mentioned above acids at different molar ratios OP:Me = 4:1 – 1:1 and temperature of 20 °C. Compositions containing synthesized complexonates were used for water of various degrees of mineralization and temperature range of 60-90 °C under dynamic conditions. It was found that the efficiency of inhibition of mineral scale formation for all the studied compositions of complexonates increase with the growth of number of functional groups in the OP molecule, regardless of the molar ratio of OP:Me. The corrosion inhibition both depends on the number of functional groups in the OP molecule and is determined by the formation of a protective film on the metal surface largely.

Truck Tire Operating Temperatures on Flat and Curved Test Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LaClair ◽  
C. Zarak
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Abstract Operating temperature is critical to the endurance life of a tire. Fundamental differences between operations of a tire on a flat surface, as experienced in normal highway use, and on a cylindrical test drum may result in a substantially higher tire temperature in the latter case. Nonetheless, cylindrical road wheels are widely used in the industry for tire endurance testing. This paper discusses the important effects of surface curvature on truck tire endurance testing and highlights the impact that curvature has on tire operating temperature. Temperature measurements made during testing on flat and curved surfaces under a range of load, pressure and speed conditions are presented. New tires and re-treaded tires of the same casing construction were evaluated to determine the effect that the tread rubber and pattern have on operating temperatures on the flat and curved test surfaces. The results of this study are used to suggest conditions on a road wheel that provide highway-equivalent operating conditions for truck tire endurance testing.

A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF DEFORMABLE HEAT-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS FOR WELDED PARTS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ben Nengjun ◽  
Zhou Pengfei ◽  
Oleksandr Labartkava ◽  
Mykhailo Samokhin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Tcp Phases ◽  
The Impact

This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.

Application of vacuum belt press filters for cane mud filtration and performance comparison with rotary filters

2014 ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Petit
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Belt Press ◽  
Vacuum Belt ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mud Filtration ◽  
The Impact

Bois-Rouge factory, an 8000 t/d cane Reunionese sugarcane mill, has fully equipped its filtration station with vacuum belt press filters since 2010, the first one being installed in 2009. The present study deals with this 3-year experience and discusses operating conditions, electricity consumption, performance and optimisation. The comparison with the more classical rotary drum vacuum filter station of Le Gol sugar mill highlights advantages of vacuum belt press filters: high filtration efficiency, low filter cake mass and sucrose content, low total solids content in filtrate and low power consumption. However, this technology needs a mud conditioning step and requires a large amount of water to improve mud quality, mixing of flocculant and washing of filter belts. The impact on the energy balance of the sugar mill is significant. At Bois-Rouge mill, studies are underway to reduce the water consumption by recycling low d.s. filtrate and by dry cleaning the filter belts.

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