Ethnic uses of Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) in Mithila (north Bihar) and other parts of India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubha Kumari ◽  
Vidyanath Jha
Keyword(s):  
Northern India ◽  
Euryale Ferox ◽  
Ethnic Uses ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Parts

The paper provides a report on the ethnic uses of Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) in different parts of India including Mithila area of North Bihar that is known for being a site of its organized cultivation over centuries. In major parts of northern India E. ferox is available in wild or semi-wild forms. A survey on the ethnic uses of Makhana in Mithila and other parts of India has revealed its about a dozen distinct uses. These include its specific association with (i) ‘Kojaagaraa’ (a marital ritual) (ii) ‘Parikramaa’ (for maintaining counts during ritualistic circumambulation around a temple or tree) (iii) ‘Shraaddha Karma’ (last Hindu rites) (iv) Devotional offering to deities or distinguished persons in the form of non-flower garlands (v) ‘Prasaad’ (edible offering to deities) (vi) Sacred thread ‘Yajnopaveet’ as stiffening item (vii) ‘Makhaan Paagal’ i.e., caramelised pops (during Navratri and other festivals). It is used as a ‘Havan Saamagri’ and as a component of ‘Panchamevaa’ (i.e., five auspicious dry fruits). ‘Ghunes’, a head gear ceremonially worn by the bridegroom on the occasion of wedding has streams of Makhana pops hanging downward. This practice is observed by the Srotriyas in this area. The paper further incorporates its other traditional and modern uses mostly in the form of culinary preparations. These are also in practice in other areas of the country and abroad in the form of (i) 2 forms of snacks (ii) Dessert (iii) Sweetened Makhana (iv) Porridge (v) Dal Makhani (vi) Makhana Kofta and (vii) Makhana Dum Aloo.

scholarly journals A potential role for the COOH-terminal domain in the lateral packing of type III intermediate filaments.

1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Kouklis ◽  
T Papamarcaki ◽  
A Merdes ◽  
S D Georgatos
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Filament Assembly ◽  
Filament Bundles ◽  
Self Association ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
A Site ◽  
Idiotypic Antibody

To identify sites of self-association in type III intermediate filament (IF) proteins, we have taken an "anti-idiotypic antibody" approach. A mAb (anti-Ct), recognizing a similar feature near the end of the rod domain of vimentin, desmin, and peripherin (epsilon site or epsilon epitope), was characterized. Anti-idiotypic antibodies, generated by immunizing rabbits with purified anti-Ct, recognize a site (presumably "complementary" to the epsilon epitope) common among vimentin, desmin, and peripherin (beta site or beta epitope). The beta epitope is represented in a synthetic peptide (PII) modeled after the 30 COOH-terminal residues of peripherin, as seen by comparative immunoblotting assays. Consistent with the idea of an association between the epsilon and the beta site, PII binds in vitro to intact IF proteins and fragments containing the epsilon epitope, but not to IF proteins that do not react with anti-Ct. Microinjection experiments conducted in vivo and filament reconstitution assays carried out in vitro further demonstrate that "uncoupling" of this site-specific association (by competition with PII or anti-Ct) interferes with normal IF architecture, resulting in the formation of filaments and filament bundles with diameters much greater than that of the normal IFs. These thick fibers are very similar to the ones observed previously when a derivative of desmin missing 27 COOH-terminal residues was assembled in vitro (Kaufmann, E., K. Weber, and N. Geisler. 1985. J. Mol. Biol. 185:733-742). As a molecular explanation, we propose here that the epsilon and the beta sites of type III IF proteins are "complementary" and associate during filament assembly. As a result of this association, we further postulate the formation of a surface-exposed "loop" or "hairpin" structure that may sterically prevent inappropriate filament-filament aggregation and regulate filament thickness.

Nirañjanī Sampradāy

Hinduism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Williams
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Northern India ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Narmada River ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Female Saints ◽  
Different Parts

Believed to have been founded by the saint-poet Svāmī Haridās (d. 1601?) in the late 16th or early 17th century, the Nirañjanī Sampradāy is one of the bhakti communities associated with the so-called nirguṇ sant movement that began in northern India sometime in the 15th century. The Sampradāy, which consists of both monastic initiates and lay followers, flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries in what is now Rajasthan, during which time it also established monastic outposts at locations as distant as Aurangabad and the Narmada River valley. Nirañjanī hagiographical traditions acknowledge the community’s early connections with the Nāth Sampradāya and with the Dādū Panth, another nirguṇ sant tradition that arose at roughly the same time as the Nirañjanī Sampradāy. These close connections are also reflected in the literature, theology, and practices of the sect, which combine Vaishnava bhakti with aspects of yoga as well as elements adapted from Sufi traditions. After the passing of Haridās, the monastic order expanded quickly in a decentralized fashion, with several of Haridās’s direct disciples founding monastic centers and lineages in different parts of Rajasthan (and eventually in Hyderabad as well). Among the later monastic disciples were several prominent saint-poets, including Santadās, Turasīdās, Manoharadās, Bhagavānadās, Dhyānadās, and Harirāmadās. Importantly, the Nirañjanīs also give prominence to Pannājī, an 18th-century female saint, and recognize several other female saints as being part of the tradition. Although the Nirañjanīs themselves were prolific writers, very little material by or about the Nirañjanīs is available in published form. This article lists the few original works of scholarship that have been produced on the Sampradāy in Hindi and in English along with any relevant primary sources that have been published.

The spatial distribution of Dactylogyrus amphibothrium on the gills of ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua and its relation to the relative amounts of water passing over the parts of the gills

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Anodonta Cygnea ◽  
Full Force ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the monogenean Dactylogyrus amphibothrium over the gill apparatus of the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernua was non-random, parasites being aggregated on certain areas of the gills. By plotting the distribution over the gills of the glochidia of Anodonta cygnea, the relative amounts of water passing over the different parts of the gill apparatus was determined experimentally. The observed distribution of D. amphibothrium was then compared with the distribution of the glochidia. The results obtained suggest that the site of attachment of D. amphibothrium is influenced at least in part by the direction and force of the respiratory current over the gills. Most parasites select a site where they are not subjected to its full force.

A novel structure associated with a lampbrush chromosome in the chicken, Gallus domesticus

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Solovei ◽  
E. Gaginskaya ◽  
T. Allen ◽  
H. Macgregor
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Marker Locus ◽  
Lampbrush Chromosome ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
A Site

At a site near the end of the short arms of lampbrush bivalent 2 in the chicken (Gallus domesticus) there is always a marker structure that appears in the phase-contrast light microscope as a solid object with diffuse edges measuring about 4 microns across. When examined by transmission electron microscopy in thin section, this object appears as a loose bundle of fibres. In some preparations individual fibres appear 15–16 nm thick, smooth in outline and solid in cross-section. In other preparations they are 32–38 nm thick, rougher in outline and ring-like in cross-section. High-resolution scanning electron micrographs of the chromosome 2 marker show it to be a loose bundle of spaghetti-like fibres that is quite unlike anything previously seen on a lampbrush chromosome of any organism. As with the sectioned material, fibres in some preparations were smooth and 15–16 nm in diameter, whereas those in others were more knobbly and about 35 nm thick. The fibres appear to branch and in some cases it is clear that the daughter strands of a branch have the same dimensions as the parent strand. Free ends are rare. Total length of fibre material present at one marker locus is estimated to be between 500 and 2000 microns. Similar structures are not present on the lampbrush chromosomes of quail, wood pigeon or chaffinch. The nature of this fibrous marker, referred to in this paper as the “spaghetti marker”, is discussed in relation to lampbrush chromosome function and to events that take place during the lampbrush phase of oogenesis in chicken. Evidence is discussed in relation to the possibility that the chromosome 2 marker represents a novel form of nuclear RNP or the specific association of some structural protein with one chromosome locus.

The cuticular hydrocarbons of Phlebotomus argentipes (Diptera: Phlebotominae) from field populations in northern India and Sri Lanka, and their change with laboratory colonization

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kamhawi ◽  
R. P. Lane ◽  
M. Cameron ◽  
A. Phillips ◽  
P. Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Phlebotomus Argentipes ◽  
Parent Sample ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThe cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of wild caught, male Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti from Kandy, Sri Lanka, and Calcutta, India, were significantly different. Using discriminant functions based on three peaks from a gas-liquid chromatogram, 89% of specimens were correctly allocated to their parent sample. These results correlate with previously reported morpho-metric differences in this species from different parts of its range. Following laboratory colonization of the Kandy strain, the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles showed a progressive change, so that wild-caught and F5 generations could be completely distinguished by discriminant function anaysis, with the F1 and F 2 as intermediates.

scholarly journals XXIV. A catalogue of nearly all the principal fixed stars between the zenith of Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, and the South Pole, reduced to the 1st. of January, 1824

1824 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 457-470
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
Wooden House ◽  
A Site ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Different Parts

The following Catalogue of nearly all the principal fixed stars in the southern hemisphere, from the zenith of Cape Town to the South Pole, was deduced from observations made during the latter part of 1822 and the beginning of the present year. Its pretensions to accuracy will be easily estimated by stating the circumstances under which the observations were taken, the respective merits of the instruments used, and the attention, on the part of the observer, to do every justice to the means placed in his power. Immediately after my arrival in this colony (at the end of 1821,) I lost no time in personally examining different parts of the country, for the purpose of selecting one, which might be deemed eligible as a site for the intended Observatory about to be erected here. After many fruitless endeavours to accomplish the object of my wishes, I had the good fortune, at length, to find a situation in the vicinity of Cape Town, which, upon the whole, possessed more local advantages than any I had seen elsewhere. My Report, containing a description of this site, and a Map of the surrounding country, was forwarded to My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in the month of March, 1822 : since then I have had no reason to change my opinion upon the propriety of my choice. As a considerable period would likely intervene between the date of my Report, and the time when instructions would be received to commence the building of the Observatory, I was desirous of employing this interval in forming a Catalogue of fixed stars which might prove useful, when more extensive means of accomplishing the work with greater truth might be placed in my power, I therefore lost no time in requesting His Excellency Sir Rufane Donkin, the Acting Governor, to allow me a small wooden house, which could be easily converted into a temporary Observatory. My request was kindly granted; and the necessary alterations soon made for the reception of a portable transit instrument, a clock, and an altitude and azimuth circle.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Mineralization in the Western Carpathians (Polish Segment)—A Tectonic Mélange Approach

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jarmołowicz-Szulc ◽  
Leszek Jankowski
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Tectonic Window ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Tectonic Mélange ◽  
Window Area ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Parts

Quartz, carbonates and other minerals as e.g., realgar are present in veins and caverns in sedimentary rocks in the Western Carpathians. In the Polish segment, they have been characterized from the mineralogical, petrologic, and geochemical points of view, as well as fluid inclusions. Their characters are discussed from perspective of a description of particular types of chaotic complexes—the tectonic mélange zones, distinguished in the Western Carpathian area over the last two decades. The mélange zones are considered to be geochemical systems open to fluid flow, a site for mineral crystallization and/or migration zones of hydrocarbons and mineralized waters. In this context the tectonic mélange in the Jabłonki/Rabe vicinity (SE Poland, the Bieszczady region) in comparison to that of the Mszana Dolna tectonic window area are proposed as the examples. The trapping conditions of fluids (brine and methane) in the minerals in the mélange zones appear to have been 180–205 °C and ~550–570 bars, and 220 °C and 500 bars for calcite and quartz, respectively. The general trend of the increase in temperatures and pressures from west towards east and south-east in the mélange zones points to an increase in the degree of exhumation of different parts of the Carpathians.

Provincializing memory studies: The insistence of the ‘here-now’

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 848-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Collins ◽  
Chris Healy ◽  
Susannah Radstone
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Indigenous Culture ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Time Line ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Australia ◽  
A Site ◽  
Different Parts

This essay responds to Astrid Erll’s question about what it might mean to do memory studies in different parts of the world. We offer a response from the perspective of three researchers based in Australia. Focused on a season-opening gala performance, a photographic series, a site-specific protest, and a film that takes a choir from Central Australia to Germany, the essay tracks the emergence, in culture, of something we term the ‘here-now’. The essay argues that this ‘here-now’ belongs neither to historical temporality’s linear time-line, nor to the cosmology of an unsullied Indigenous culture – and cannot easily be addressed in the language of memory studies. Taking our lead from four case studies, we try to find words for what it is that the ‘here-now’ makes present, as it emerges in the artworks and events we discuss. We find that the ‘here-now’s’ ordering of place/time insistently evokes a yet-to-be realized Australia, while prompting recognition of the hard truths that still stand in its way.

scholarly journals Spatial Justice: Space, place and counter-normative movement in Latcho Drom

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Emma Patchett ◽  
Emily Patchett
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
French Film ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Alternative Spaces ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Way

At a time when diasporic identity is being acutely challenged, it is important to pay critical attention to counter-cultural texts which refract hegemonic discourse through alternative spatial landscapes. The French film Latcho Drom (Gatlif, 1993) provides a stylised and radically unique retelling of the journey of the Roma from the Thar Desert in Northern India to Spain, passing through Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and France. Gatlif’s film can be read as a sensory refraction of legal frameworks of exclusion on the ‘edges of Europe’, and acts as a site in which it is possible to explore the way in which a minority filmmaker constructs alternative spaces of justice. Through the practice of textual analysis, this article will examine how various framing techniques subvert the hegemonic qualities of the law through the cinematic depiction of a lyrical and diasporic journey through Southern Europe, in order to deconstruct the way in which the aural and visual space refracts law’s function as a spacing mechanism. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s work on cinema and within a theoretical framework of critical space theory, this article will discuss key issues of counter-cultural topographies, alternative spacing mechanisms and the construction of spaces of justice in the context of law and film.

Does it matter where I go?

1982 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
G. Melvyn Howe
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Soviet Central Asia ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The China Seas

SynopsisEnvironmental hazards present themselves in different parts of the world. Hurricanes plague the Caribbean, typhoons sweep the China Seas and cyclones rage in the Bay of Bengal. Volcanoes erupt and the earth quivers in a circumpacific belt, in northern India, Soviet Central Asia, Turkey, Italy, etc. Extremes of heat and cold promote adverse reactions in the skin. Diseases of insanitation (enteric fevers, dysentery, cholera, etc.) are prevalent in tropical countries with low standards of hygiene; insect-borne diseases (malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, etc.) are common in certain warm countries. Prior warning of these dangers and appropriate health safeguards (vaccination, inoculation) should be obligatory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document