scholarly journals Secondary meanings of the Verb chyk= ~ sykh= ‘to go out, to leave’ in Southern Siberian Turkic languages and Kipchak languages

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Shagdurova ◽  
E. V. Tyuntesheva
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Linguistic Groups ◽  
To Come

The article describes the semantic structure of one of the most polysemantic motion verbs in Turkic languages, namely the verb čïq= ~ sïx= and the correlating Tuvan verb ün=. The secondary meanings of these verbs in South- ern Siberian Turkic languages (Altai, Khakas, Tuvan) are analyzed in comparison with Kipchak languages. The verb čïq= ~ sïx= has been actively developing its meaning since it was fixed in the ancient Turkic monuments. This verb was found to possess similar meanings in various Turkic languages. At the same time, čïq= ~ sïx= is combined with different words in these languages. Regional values or values specific to specific languages are also detected. The languages under consideration are divided according to the action values expressed by constructions with the verb čïq= and its analogs: the beginning in the Turkic languages of Siberia and the completion, exhaustion of action in non-Siberian languages. It may be a manifestation of Mongolian influence on the Siberian languages, since the semantics of initialization is characteristic of the Mongolian gar=, the semantic structure of which is almost similar to the Turkic čïq= and ün=. The secondary meanings of the verb considered reflect the representations of linguistic groups associated with such concepts as top / bottom, previous / subsequent (in time). The semantics of čïq= ~ sïx= and ün= reflects the spatial-temporal aspect of the Turkic world view. These verbs combine the meanings of various vectors of direction (horizontally and vertically), as well as motions taking place on various spatial-temporal intervals, including the opposite ones: the manifestation of an object / the beginning of an action (to appear / to begin; to begin, to start some activity); the action during some space-time interval (to overcome any space / to overcome any period; to happen, to occur); the disappearance of an object / the completion of an action (to disappear / to come to an end; to finish, to complete some activity).

Dualism loop and string

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Interval

the holographic space-time interval leads to the concept of dualism between loops and strings.

Tail asymptotics of an infinitely divisible space-time model with convolution equivalent Lévy measure

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Stehr ◽  
Anders Rønn-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lévy Measure ◽  
Infinitely Divisible ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Spatial Object ◽  
Tail Behaviour ◽  
Fixed Radius ◽  
The Right ◽  
Space Time Model

AbstractWe consider a space-time random field on ${{\mathbb{R}^d} \times {\mathbb{R}}}$ given as an integral of a kernel function with respect to a Lévy basis with a convolution equivalent Lévy measure. The field obeys causality in time and is thereby not continuous along the time axis. For a large class of such random fields we study the tail behaviour of certain functionals of the field. It turns out that the tail is asymptotically equivalent to the right tail of the underlying Lévy measure. Particular examples are the asymptotic probability that there is a time point and a rotation of a spatial object with fixed radius, in which the field exceeds the level x, and that there is a time interval and a rotation of a spatial object with fixed radius, in which the average of the field exceeds the level x.

scholarly journals Financing Growth through Remittances and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidences from Balkan Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Jushi ◽  
Eglantina Hysa ◽  
Arjona Cela ◽  
Mirela Panait ◽  
Marian Catalin Voica
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The ultimate goal of central banks, worldwide, is to promote the foundations for sustainable economic growth. In the case of developing economies, in particular, such objective requires time, huge efforts, attention, and plenty of resources in order to be accomplished to the fullest degree. This paper thoroughly investigates key factors affecting Balkan countries’ economic development (as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) growth), focusing especially on the impact of remittances. The analysis was done over an 18-year time interval (2000–2017) and builds on 144 observations. The data figures were retrieved from the World Bank database while two dummies were created to test the impact of the last financial crisis (2008–2012). Econometric tools were employed to carry out a broad analysis on the interdependencies that exist and, in particular, to determine the role of remittance income on growth. The vector auto regressive model was estimated using EViews software, and was used to come up with relevant insights. Empirical findings suggest the following: population growth, remittances, and labor force participation are insignificant factors for sustainable growth. On the other hand, previous levels of GDP, trade, and foreign direct investments (FDIs) appear to be relevant for the predictor. This research provides up-to-date conclusions, which can be considered during the decision-making process of central banks, as well as by government policymakers.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CASES IN THE OLD TURKIC LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Zh. Belassarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Partial Difference ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
Turkic Languages

The article deals with the categories of cases in the Turkic languages. Turkic languages consist of applications such as suffixes and endings , according to their belonging to the group of connected languages. In the ancient Turkic script, there is a category of existing kinship, among the Turkic languages that are being updated and used today. However, due to historical and geographical changes, it is obvious that the neighboring countries have not suffered in terms of language. Despite the fact that the historical path of development and the nature of the formation of declensions in the Kazakh language is identical to other Turkic languages, there is a partial difference. It can be said that Kazakh scientists have deeply studied the system of declension and its semantic and personal nature. Special attention in the Kazakh language is paid to the formal system of cases, in the works of M. Tomanov the semantic structure of cases is analyzed. The article analyzes this issue in detail.

Diodorus Cronus (late 4th–early 3rd centuries BC)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Denyer
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Master Argument ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of

The most famous member of the Dialectical school, the Greek philosopher Diodorus Cronus maintained various paradoxical theses. He argued that any attempt to divide space, time or matter must end with little regions, periods or bodies that cannot further be divided; hence, he inferred, things cannot be in motion. Diodorus also contributed to the contemporary debate on conditionals: one proposition implies another, he held, if and only if it never has been possible, and is not now possible, to have the former proposition true and the latter proposition false. Diodorus is however most famous for inventing the master argument. The master argument relied on two assumptions: that every past truth is necessary, and that the impossible does not follow from the possible. It concluded, on these assumptions, that no proposition is possible unless it either is true or will be. The master argument was designed to support Diodorus’ definition of possibility: a proposition is possible if and only if it either is or will be true. This definition is not exactly tantamount to the fatalist doctrine that all truths are necessary, but it was felt to come too close to fatalism for comfort.

scholarly journals On the path of time: temporal motion in typological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELE I. FEIST ◽  
SARAH E. DUFFY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Spatial Motion ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Temporal Expressions ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Carry Over

ABSTRACTThe Moving Ego and Moving Time metaphors have provided a fertile testing ground for the psychological reality of space–time metaphors. Despite this, little research has targeted the linguistic patterns used in these two mappings. To fill that gap, the current study uses corpus data to examine the use of motion verbs in two typologically different languages, English and Spanish. We first investigated the relative frequency of the two metaphors. Whereas we observed no difference in frequency in the Spanish data, our findings indicated that in English, Moving Time expressions are more prevalent than are Moving Ego expressions. Second, we focused on the patterns of use of the verbs themselves, asking whether well-known typological patterns in the expression of spatial motion would carry over to temporal motion. Specifically, we examined the frequencies of temporal uses of path and manner verbs in English and in Spanish. Contra the patterns observed in space, we observed a preference for path verbs in both languages, with this preference more strongly evident in English than in Spanish. In addition, our findings revealed greater use of motion verbs in temporal expressions in Spanish compared to English. These findings begin to outline constraints on the aspects of spatial conceptualization that are likely to be reused in the conceptualization of time.

‘Dishonourable’ youth, guilds, and the changed world view of sex, illegitimacy, and women in late-sixteenth-century Germany

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA R. BOES
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Unwed Mothers ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come

This study focuses on two closely related exclusionary guild policies implemented in Germany towards the latter part of the sixteenth century: the barring of illegitimates and women. The article addresses the reasons for and, more importantly, the repercussions of these exclusions, which affected many cultural and mentality patterns and led to the social and psychological scarring of illegitimates and their unwed mothers for centuries to come.

scholarly journals Some Results for a Time Interval Approach to Field Theory and Gravitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmen Henricus Hollestelle
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Zero Mass ◽  
Interval Approach ◽  
Wave Emission

This paper consists of two parts. In part I some new relations for a field theory with time intervals are derived. One concept of field theory evaluated is complementarity, another is field operators both defined within a time interval description. Part II includes specific results and commentary. Discussed are time interval dependent wave propagation surfaces for star source emission waves and derived is a metric propagation surface area requirement. The results allow to consider one same field that like gravitation within General Relativity applies to both non zero and zero mass. The associated field energy is space time dependent for non zero mass, and is related to a space time dependent metric tensor for zero mass wave particles. Defined is internal energy transfer where wave particle numbers increase linearly and mass and momentum diminish, decrease inversely with the distance from the wave emission source. The commentary are applications related to cosmological overall volume and temperature dependence.

scholarly journals ХАКАССКИЕ ПЕРИФЕРИЙНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ СО ЗНАЧЕНИЕМ ЗРИТЕЛЬНОГО ВОСПРИЯТИЯ И ИХ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЯ В ДРУГИХ ТЮРКСКИХ ЯЗЫКАХ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Semantic Shift

Статья посвящена выявлению и описанию дифференциальных особенностей семантики периферийных глаголов со значением зрительного восприятия. В данную подгруппу мы классифицируем семь хакасских глаголов, выражающих различные стороны зрительного акта, из них четыре глагола имеют лексические соответствия в других тюркских языках. В ходе семантико-когнитивного анализа материала выявляются общие и отличительные особенности этих глаголов. Таким образом, выявлено, что лексические соответствия хакасских глаголов хара- «пристально смотреть; обозревать», пахла- «подсматривать, заглядывать» в других тюркских языках (например, в турецком, азербайджанском, татарском, башкирском, казахском) имеют обширную семантическую структуру и в результате развития многозначности они могут демонстрировать ослабление исходного перцептивного признака в последующих вторичных значениях. Глагол хара- / кара-, помимо перцептивного обозначения, указывает и на другие сферы человеческой деятельности, например, в азербайджанском, каракалпакском языках данный глагол обладает лексико-семантическим вариантом (ЛСВ) «подчиняться». В татарском, башкирском и др. языках данный глагол в силу частотности употребления, принимает на себя модальное значение «попробовать». Проанализированы также семантические составляющие глаголов, характерных (по нашим наблюдениям) для хакасского языка. В сибирских тюркских же языках эти глаголы в своих ЛСВ обычно сохраняют перцептивную сему, только тув.: каракта- и тоф.: қарақта- показывают семантический сдвиг в плане когнитивного соотношения зрительного и ментального процессов. По нашим наблюдениям, характерными для хакасского языка оказались глаголы: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, маркированные семой «[смотреть], поворачивая голову» и глагол аңды-, актуализирующий признак целенаправленности и концентрации зрительного акта.The article is devoted to the identification and description of the differential features of the semantics of peripheral verbs with the meaning of visual perception. In this subgroup, we classify seven Khakass verbs expressing various aspects of the visual act, of which four verbs have lexical correspondences in other Turkic languages. In the course of semantic-cognitive analysis of the material, the common and distinctive features of these verbs are revealed. Thus, it has been revealed that the lexical correspondences of the Khakass verbs хара- «watch closely; observe», пахла- «peep, peep» in other Turkic languages (for example, Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Bashkir, Kazakh) have an extensive semantic structure and as a result of the development of ambiguity, they can demonstrate a weakening of the original perceptive trait in subsequent secondary values. The verb хара- / кара-, in addition to perceptual designation, indicates other spheres of human activity, for example, in the Azerbaijani, Karakalpak languages, this verb has the LSW «to obey». In the Tatar, Bashkir and other languages, this verb, due to its frequency of use, assumes the modal meaning «try». The semantic components of the verbs characteristic (according to our observations) for the Khakass language are also analyzed. In the Siberian Turkic languages, these verbs in their lexico-semantic variants (LSV) usually retain perceptual semo, only tuv.: каракта- and tof.: қарақта- show the semantic shift in terms of the cognitive relation of the visual and mental processes. According to our observations, the characteristic verses for Khakass were: хылчаңна-, хайбағын-, marked with sema «[watch], turning the head» and verb аңды-, the actualizing sign of focus and concentration of the visual act.

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