scholarly journals Comprehensive Study on Mechanism of Paper Strength Development by the Addition of a Cationic Polyacrylamide Dry Strength Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takushi Sakaemura ◽  
Tatsuo Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Strength Development ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Effect of pH and enzymes on strength of recycled fibers during refining

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Ashok Ghosh ◽  
Breland Thornton ◽  
Peter Hart
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Recycled Fibers

Recycled fiber-based papermaking in America is experiencing a persistent reduction in the strength of the incoming fiber. To maintain paper strength properties, paper mills respond by increasing basis weight, dry strength, etc. On average, the fiber cost component in recycled paper is approximately 40% of the total manufacturing cost. Increased fiber weight results in higher operating cost and has a negative effect on production rate, especially on dryer-limited paper machines. Increased pH and use of certain enzymes can improve strength during subsequent refining. The ProLab refiner was used to generate laboratory refining curves to evaluate changes in fiber bonding. The effect of pH and enzymes pretreatment on the strength development and change in drainage of recycled fibers with refining was evaluated.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study on nanocelluloses in papermaking: the influence of common additives on filler retention and paper strength

Cellulose ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 5297-5309
Author(s):  
Ana F. Lourenço ◽  
José A. F. Gamelas ◽  
Pedro Sarmento ◽  
Paulo J. T. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Paper Strength ◽  
Filler Retention ◽  
Comprehensive Study

scholarly journals Paper Strength Development with Beating and Polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfa ◽  
Bambang Setiaji ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Triyono Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Wet Strength

Thecharacter of coir handsheets prepared with beating and addition of polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) was investigated. Pulp coir from soda-anthraquinone pulping was used as raw material for manufacture of coir handsheets. Physical and mechanical properties obtained with different beating level and PAE dosage were measured. The addition of PAE 10% w/w and beating on pulp stock of 3000 rev increased grammage and density at 1.9 and 15.8%, respectively. Instead it decreased thickness by 15.8%. Addition PAE dosage of 10% w/w at 10000 rev improved the density, but decreased the porosity and Cobb<sub>60</sub> at 5.8; 10.2; and 19 %, respectively. The highest   dry and wet tensile were obtained at 20 % w/w of PAE. Combination of  beating and addition of PAE on pulp stock formed wet-strength handsheets with range between 28.0 to 34.2%.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN MUTU BAHAN PENGISI KERTAS GROUND CALCIUM CARBONATE MELALUI MODIFIKASI DENGAN TAMARIND KERNEL POWDER (QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF GROUND CALCIUM CARBONATE AS FILLER IN PAPERMAKING THROUGH MODIFICATION WITH TAMARIN KERNEL POWDER)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ike Rostika ◽  
Nina Elyani ◽  
Evi Oktavia ◽  
Rina Masriani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Sodium Polyphosphate ◽  
Cationic Polyacrylamide ◽  
Filler Retention ◽  
Tamarind Kernel ◽  
Ground Calcium Carbonate

Ground Calcium Carbonate (GCC) as the filler required in paper making that is intended to reduce production costs thus providing a profit opportunity for the paper industry. However the usage of GCC affected decreasing of paper strength and effectiveness of sizing process. In order to reduce the negative effect, this research has been conducted through the modification of filler using Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) which is a natural polymer obtained from local tamarind seeds. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, showed that TKP contained 64-68%   xylose, glucose, maltose and arabinose. Filler modification was conducted with mixing the TKP into CaCO3 and addition of cationic polyacrylamide and sodium polyphosphate dispersant at composition ratio of 100: 0.4 : 0.1: 1.0. Filler application with added the retention aid of cationic polyacrylamide 0.1%, resulted the filler retention value on sheet of 26.9 %. The modified filler shows an increase in filler stability and is easy to form emulsions when compared to commercial fillers. Modification of GCC filler with higher number of TKP usage gives increased filler retention value on sheets, improved sheet formation properties and optical properties.ABSTRAKGround Calcium Carbonat (GCC) sebagai bahan pengisi (filler) dalam pembuatan kertas untuk mengurangi biaya produksi sehingga memberikan peluang keuntungan bagi industri kertas, namun peningkatan jumlah GCC dapat berpengaruh pada menurunnya kekuatan kertas dan efektivitas proses pendarihan. Untuk mengurangi pengaruh negatif telah dilakukan penelitian modifikasi filler menggunakan Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP) yang merupakan polimer alami dari bahan lokal biji asam jawa. Hasil analisis kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) menunjukkan bahwa TKP mengandung silosa 64-68 %, glukosa, maltosa, dan arabinosa. Modifikasi filler dilakukan  dengan  mencampurkan TKP ke dalam  CaCO3 dengan  penambahan  poliakrilamida kationik dan dispersan natrium polifosfat pada komposisi 100 : 0,4 : 0,1 : 1,0. Aplikasi filler dengan penambahan zat peretensi 0,1 % poliakrilamida kationik diperoleh nilai retensi filler pada lembaran 26,9 %. Filler yang termodifikasi menunjukkan peningkatan stabilitas filler dan mudah membentuk emulsi jika dibandingkan dengan filler komersial. Modifikasi filler GCC dengan jumlah TKP yang lebih tinggi memberikan peningkatan nilai retensi filler pada lembaran, peningkatan formasi dan sifat optik lembaran.

Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Image Quality ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

Comparison of Substructures Between Uniaxial and Biaxial Deformation in 1100-0 Aluminum

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
D. L. Rohr ◽  
S. S. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Biaxial Tension ◽  
Initial Deformation ◽  
Uniaxial Deformation ◽  
Biaxial Deformation ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Comprehensive Study

As part of a comprehensive study of microstructural and mechanical response of metals to uniaxial and biaxial deformations, the development of substructure in 1100 A1 has been studied over a range of plastic strain for two stress states.Specimens of 1100 aluminum annealed at 350 C were tested in uniaxial (UT) and balanced biaxial tension (BBT) at room temperature to different strain levels. The biaxial specimens were produced by the in-plane punch stretching technique. Areas of known strain levels were prepared for TEM by lapping followed by jet electropolishing. All specimens were examined in a JEOL 200B run at 150 and 200 kV within 24 to 36 hours after testing.The development of the substructure with deformation is shown in Fig. 1 for both stress states. Initial deformation produces dislocation tangles, which form cell walls by 10% uniaxial deformation, and start to recover to form subgrains by 25%. The results of several hundred measurements of cell/subgrain sizes by a linear intercept technique are presented in Table I.

Microvasculature and structure of hemal lymph nodes in the wall of the rabbit bladder: a vascular corrosion casting and EM study

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 1074-1075
Author(s):  
F.E. Hossler ◽  
M.I. McKamey ◽  
F.C. Monson
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Casting ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Infusion Pressure ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Rabbit Bladder ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Comprehensive Study

A comprehensive study of the microvasculature of the normal rabbit bladder, revealed unusual "capillary glomeruli" along the lateral walls. Here they are characterized as hemal lymph nodes using light microscopy, SEM, TEM, ink injection, and vascular casting.Bladders were perfused via a cannula placed in the abdominal aorta with either 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) for fixation, 10% India ink in 0.9% saline and 0.1M phosphate (pH 7.4) for vessel tracing, or resin (Mercoximethylmethacrylate: catalyst, 4:1:0.3; Ladd Research Industries) for vascular corrosion casting. Infusion pressure was 100mm Hg. Fixed tissue was sectioned from epon-araldyte resin, and stained with toluidine blue for light microscopy, and lead and uranium for TEM. Ink injected tissue was photographed directly from saline-filled bladders illuminated from below. Resin-filled tissue was macerated in 5% KOH and distilled water. Casts were critical point dried, sputter coated with goldpalladium, and examined by routine SEM at 10 KV.

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