FIRE INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY MODEL BASED ON A SCENARIO APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Lobaev I. ◽  
◽  
Pleshakov V. ◽  
Dzhugan V. ◽  
Malko V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Activity Model ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Fire Origin ◽  
Scenario Approach

Purpose. Fire investigation is one of the main functions of EMERCOM of Russia. The analysis of activity results of Federal Fire Service forensic institutions based on the current model shows that the point of fire origin is not identified with sufficient accuracy in 63 % of cases, and the fire cause is not unambiguously identified in 74 % of cases. This situation makes it impossible to create an incident information model, to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the phenomena and conditions at a fire scene and also to give the correct legal qualification of the incident. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fire investigation activities. Methods. The study is based on the theory of system analysis, the theory of functions and the theory of risks. The authors use methods of mathematical modeling and information synthesis, instrumental methods for their support, methods of informatics, expert analysis and combinatorics. Findings. A scenario approach to organize fire investigation activities is proposed. It allows effectively identifying the circumstances of fire occurrence, fire development and negative fire consequences. The problems of the proposed approach are the need to develop a reasonable list of scenarios to be investigated under conditions of information uncertainty and the labour-consuming nature of scenario research, which requires the availability of software and powerful computers. Research application field. The use of the proposed approach will improve the accuracy of determining a fire scenario with severe thermal damage to building structures and interior items caused by fire heat as well as with uneven distribution of fire load in the compartment with the ignition source, taking into account the specific gas exchange in the compartment during a fire and other parameters. Conclusions. The proposed activity model based on the scenario approach, which includes the physical evidence investigation at a fire scene and the results of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of hazardous fire factors, enables to determine the point of fire origin and the cause of the fire and also to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the fire and negative fire consequences with sufficient accuracy.

scholarly journals Learning fire investigation the clean way: The virtual experience

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Davies ◽  
Barney Dalgarno
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Virtual Experience ◽  
Teaching Resource ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Origin Determination ◽  
Fire Scene

<span>The effective teaching of fire investigation skills presents logistical challenges because of the difficulty of providing students with access to suitable fire damaged buildings so that they can undertake authentic investigation tasks. At Charles Sturt University (CSU), in the subject JST415, </span><em>Fire Investigation Cause and Origin Determination</em><span>, the novel approach of providing students with a CD based virtual environment based on the scene of a burned down house, as an alternative to having them undertake investigation of a real fire scene, has been implemented. This paper describes a quantitative and qualitative study exploring the effectiveness of this teaching resource. A key finding from this study was that students felt that the virtual fire investigation task had important advantages over undertaking a real investigation task, even though there were some limitations in the overall degree of realism of the experience. The results also suggested that students found that the visual fidelity and navigation capabilities provided within the environment were quite adequate for carrying out their fire investigation activity. Importantly, students also felt that the ability to revisit the virtual scene as many times as they wanted, at a time convenient to them, gave it advantages over a real investigation task if they were to be provided with only one or the other.</span><br />

scholarly journals Towards functional modelling of relationships between the acoustics and perception of vowels

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Hartmut R. Pfitzinger
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Functional Modelling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vowel Height

This paper summarizes our research efforts in functional modelling of the relationship between the acoustic properties of vowels and perceived vowel quality. Our model is trained on 164 short steady-state stimuli. We measured F1, F2, and additionally F0 since the effect of F0 on perceptual vowel height is evident. 40 phonetically skilled subjects judged vowel quality using the Cardinal Vowel diagram. The main focus is on refining the model and describing its transformation properties between the F1/F2 formant chart and the Cardinal Vowel diagram. An evaluation of the model based on 48 additional vowels showed the generalizability of the model and confirmed that it predicts perceived vowel quality with sufficient accuracy.  

Fire Investigation and Ignitable Liquid Residue Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 91-118
Author(s):  
Sachil Kumar ◽  
Anu Singla ◽  
Ruddhida R. Vidwans
Keyword(s):  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
General View ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Fire Debris ◽  
Liquid Residue ◽  
Ignitable Liquid ◽  
Fire Scene

A fire investigation is a difficult and challenging task. An investigator's basic task at a fire scene is two-fold: first, to ascertain the origin of the fire and, second, to closely investigate the site of origin and try to determine what triggered a fire to start at or near that spot. Usually, an investigation would begin by attempting to obtain a general view of the site and the fire damage; this may be achieved at ground level or from an elevated location. Following this, one may examine the materials available, the fuel load, and the condition of the debris at different locations. Surprisingly, the science of fire investigation is not stagnant, and each year, more information to assist investigators in determining the location and cause of a fire by diligent observation of the scene and laboratory study of fire debris is released. This chapter is split into two sections. The first section discusses the general procedures to be used during a fire investigation, and the second section discusses laboratory analysis of ignitable liquid residue analysis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Bladder Cancer Cluster in a Population of Criminal Investigators with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives—Part 2: The Association of Cancer Risk and Fire Scene Investigation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Susan R. Davis ◽  
Xuguang Tao ◽  
Edward J. Bernacki ◽  
Amy S. Alfriend ◽  
Mark E. Delowery
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Bureau ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cancer Cluster ◽  
Scene Investigation ◽  
Criminal Investigators ◽  
Fire Scene

This study evaluated the association of bladder cancer risk and fire scene investigation within a cohort of white male criminal investigators with the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives that was found to be at increased risk for bladder cancer. Medical surveillance data were used in a nested case-control study to determine odds ratios (ORs) estimating the relative risk of the cancer associated with post-fire investigation. The study comprised seven bladder cancer cases and 1525 controls. Six of the cases reported holding assignments associated with post-fire investigation. The OR for bladder cancer was 19.01 (95% confidence interval = 1.94–186.39) for those holding any one or more of these assignments for one to four years versus zero years and 12.56 (1.14–138.58) for those holding any one or more of these assignments for five or more years versus zero years. The risk for bladder cancer is significantly elevated for those holding post-fire investigation assignments compared to those not holding these assignments.

scholarly journals Unconfirmed accelerants

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Linnéa Henneberg ◽  
Neil Richard Morling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Liquid Residue ◽  
Ignitable Liquid ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Scientific Standards

Fire investigation is arguably one of the most difficult areas of investigation. The fire scene and available evidence has often been burnt, melted, smoke-stained, water-damaged and trampled on, but the fire investigator still has to make important distinctions between whether a fire was accidental or deliberate (arson). Modern fire investigations often rely on portable electronic detectors to identify ignitable liquid residue (ILR), or accelerant detection canines (ADCs), trained on a number of target substances. An analysis of cases from England and Wales, the United States of America (USA) and Canada demonstrates that sophisticated admissibility frameworks have not been effective in rejecting opinion testimony given by investigators and dog handlers that unconfirmed dog alerts where laboratory tests were negative provided proof of arson. This is problematic and controversial, and the authors conclude that such testimony is not compatible with modern forensic or scientific standards and should not be admitted into courts.

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