scholarly journals Preventive role of mouthwashes in COVID-19 disease transmission: An overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Zia Arshad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Very High ◽  
Preventive Role

The current COVID-19 pandemic has changed the face of the health and medical care services. Due to the nature of dental treatment, which involves a very close proximity to patient’s oropharyngeal region and production of aerosols the dental healthcare providers, and dental patients are at a very high risk of getting or transmitting the virus. Efforts are being made to reduce the viral load in patient’s oral cavity, as well the dental clinic. For this, the role of mouthwashes has also been suggested. The aim of the present paper is to discuss the various mouthwashes, which exhibit virucidal actions, especially in relation to COVID-19.

scholarly journals A New Concept for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Pathologic Comorbidities Using Cutting-Edge Digital Technologies in Dental Orthopaedics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Yumashev ◽  
Maria V. Mikhailova ◽  
Igor V. Fomin ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Bowen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Statistical Probability ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Examination ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Probability Criterion

Abstract Objectives This article investigates the specific aspects of overactive or exaggerated vomiting reflexes affecting the procedure of dental examination and impression in patients with complete secondary adentia, who need orthopaedic dental treatment. Materials and Methods The prevailing manifestation degree of exaggerated vomiting reflex was diagnosed among patients with complete secondary adentia and exaggerated vomiting reflex. Statistical Analysis Exaggerated vomiting reflexes occur when a patient suffers from dentophobia, the term, which is otherwise known as the fear of dentists. The study was performed using methods of mathematical statistics, including the Pearson χ2 criterion and the statistical probability criterion (p). Results The role of an exaggerated vomiting reflex was revealed in the development of patients’ dentophobic experiences, and the nature of such experiences was established. Variations in dentophobic reactions were distinguished and management strategies were studied for patients with complete secondary adentia and exaggerated vomiting reflex. Conclusions These studies were aimed at preventing the development of vomiting reflex during dental procedures and at identifying an optimal strategy for stopping exaggerated vomiting reflex. The role of the vomiting reflex in the orthopaedic treatment of dental patients was determined.

Luminal glucose concentrations in the gut under normal conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. G822-G837 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Ferraris ◽  
S. Yasharpour ◽  
K. C. Lloyd ◽  
R. Mirzayan ◽  
J. M. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Solvent Drag ◽  
Direct Infusion ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
The Face ◽  
Very High

Luminal glucose (Glc) concentrations in the small intestine (SI) are widely assumed to be 50-500 mM. These values have posed problems for interpreting SI luminal osmolality and absorptive capacity, Glc transporter Michaelis-Menten constants (Km), and the physiological role of active Glc transport and its regulation. Hence we measured luminal contents, osmolality, and Glc, Na+, and K+ concentrations in normally feeding rats, rabbits, and dogs. Measured Glc concentrations were compatible with the portion of measured osmolality not accounted for by Na+ and K+ salts, amino acids, and peptides. Mean SI luminal osmolalities were less than or equal to 100 mosmol/kg hypertonic. For animals on the most nearly physiological diets, SI Glc concentrations averaged 0.4-24 mM and ranged with time and SI region from 0.2 to a maximum of 48 mM. The older published very high values are artifacts of direct infusion of concentrated Glc solutions into the gut, nonspecific Glc assays, and failure to test for quantitative recovery or to centrifuge samples in the cold. By storing food after meals and releasing it between meals, rat stomach greatly damps diurnal fluctuations in quantity and osmolality of food reaching the SI and hence also damps fluctuations in absorption rates. These new values for luminal Glc have five important physiological implications: the problem of accounting for apparently very hypertonic SI contents in the face of high osmotic water permeability disappears; the effective Km of the SI Glc transporter is now comparable to prevailing Glc concentrations; the SI no longer appears to have enormous excess absorptive capacity for Glc; regulation of Glc transport by dietary intake now makes functional sense; and the claim that high luminal Glc concentrations permit solvent drag to become the major mode of Glc absorption under normal conditions is undermined.

scholarly journals Dentistry in the post covid-19 world- are we prepared?

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Vrushali Abhyankar
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Risk ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Dental Profession ◽  
Auxiliary Personnel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Dental Professionals

Background: Covid -19 pandemic has affected dental profession tremendously and has placed dentists and dental professionals in the very high exposure risk jobs. Practicing dentistry requires the provider to be in close proximity of the patients and their oral cavity. Many dental procedures tend to generate aerosols owing to the use of an air rotor or highspeed handpiece. The impact of Covid –19 on dentistry, like all other professions is ever evolving and newer guidelines are published almost every day. The authors also examine the ethical, psychological and financial implications of this pandemic to the dental professionals as well as patients. The important role of organized dentistry is highlighted in facilitating change to adapt to the new norm and implement the safer practice guidelines. Conclusions: The authors conclude that significant changes need to be undertaken to protect patients, dental professionals, auxiliary personnel.

scholarly journals Domestic dogs in rural area of fragmented Atlantic Forest: potential threats to wild animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1998-2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilberto Martinez ◽  
Clarice Cesário ◽  
Ita de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Vanner Boere
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Food Management ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Good Food

Domestic dogs' skills such as hunting and herding shifted as man migrated from rural areas to developing urban centers and led to a change in human-dog relationship and in the purpose of these animals in the properties. The countryside of Viçosa is characterized by small coffee farms surrounded by borders with fragments from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The close proximity of these environments favors the encounter between domestic and wild animals which may lead to dog attacks to wild animals and, consequently, disease transmission. The aim of this study was to understand the role of dogs in the rural environment and assess the possible risks they offer to native fauna. The data were obtained from structured questionnaires answered by dogs' owners from rural Viçosa. Results regarding the socioeconomic status of the owners revealed that the majority belonged to either the middle class or low educational level categories. In addition, it was observed that there is a preference for male dogs due to its guard activity and that most dogs live unconstrained. Even though most dogs are provided with good food management, 58% of them prey on wildlife. However, more than half of the dogs do not consume their prey which can be explained by the inherited ability of artificial selection but 36.5% of them have scavenger diet. Most of the dogs were immunized against rabies, whereas, only 28.8% were immunized against infectious diseases such as leptospirosis, distemper and parvovirus. In conclusion, the management of dogs by rural owners, mainly unrestrained living, and allied to inadequate vaccination coverage suggest that dogs are predators of Viçosa's rural wildlife and potential disseminators of disease.

Association between Anxiety and Pain in Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-S. Lin ◽  
S.-Y. Wu ◽  
C.-A. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Accumulating evidence has revealed that dental anxiety (DA), as a dispositional factor toward the dental situation, is associated with the state anxiety (SA) and pain related to dental procedures. However, conclusions from individual studies may be limited by the treatment procedures that patients received, the tools used to assess DA, or the treatment stages when anxiety or pain was assessed. It is unclear whether DA, at the study level, accounts for the variance in pretreatment SA. The impact of DA and SA on pain at different treatment stages has not been systematically investigated. To address these questions, we present novel meta-analytical evidence from 35 articles (encompassing 47 clinical groups) that investigated DA in a clinical group. Subgroup analyses revealed that the studies of surgical and nonsurgical procedures did not significantly differ in either DA or pretreatment SA. Furthermore, metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in SA assessed before and during treatment but not after treatment. The findings suggest that patient DA has a significant impact on patient SA. Metaregressions revealed DA as a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain, pain during treatment and posttreatment pain. In contrast, pretreatment SA was a significant predictor that explained the variance in expected pain. The findings reveal that DA has a consistent impact on pain through the entire period of dental treatment. Altogether, the findings highlight the role of DA as an overall indicator for anxiety and pain, across different types of dental procedures or treatment stages. We conclude that anxiety should be assessed as a critical step not only in anxiety management for high-DA patients, but also in pain control for all dental patients.

scholarly journals The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zala ◽  
Uwe Schlattner ◽  
Thomas Desvignes ◽  
Julien Bobe ◽  
Aurélien Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatases ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ◽  
Very High

Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5’-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5’-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised ‘microcompartments’, where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover, i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.

scholarly journals Recommendations, Practices and Infrastructural Model for the Dental Radiology Set-up in Clinical and Academic Institutions in the COVID-19 Era

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Anu Sushanth. A ◽  
Kumar Chandan Srivastava ◽  
Deepti Shrivastava ◽  
Hala A. Hosni ◽  
Zafar Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Radiology ◽  
Dental Imaging ◽  
Work Routine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Prevention Protocol ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Set Up

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global catastrophe that is plaguing mankind. In the past eight months since the world discovered about COVID-19, we learned a lot about server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and perhaps there is much more to discover and understand about the virus. With the current understanding of the disease, we assume it will remain in an active state of transmission and progression among the community for a long time. Thus, it is advisable to adopt the disease’s prevention protocol in our daily and work routine. During this pandemic patient requiring dental treatment cannot be neglected and the role of dental imaging is crucial in delivering treatment. Hence, this article attempts to provide an evidence-based compilation about the mode of transmission and clinical features of COVID-19. It also throws light on the potential source of disease transmission in the dental radiology setting. In addition, it suggests preventive measures to curb the infection and infrastructural model of the clinical setting that will assist in achieving control over the disease transmission. This article intends to project a strategy about protocols, infrastructure, and daily activities in a dental radiology office that institutions can adopt with modifications according to their local scenario.

scholarly journals The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Zala ◽  
Uwe Schlattner ◽  
Thomas Desvignes ◽  
Julien Bobe ◽  
Aurélien Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatases ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ◽  
Very High

Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5’-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5’-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised ‘microcompartments’, where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover,i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.

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