scholarly journals Effects of post short nap sleep inertia on cognitive and psychomotor task performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
DR Bhatt ◽  
NK Tripathy ◽  
BM Sekhar ◽  
N Divya
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Psychomotor Tasks ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Daytime Nap ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Sleep inertia, a detrimental effect of daytime nap, may affect cognitive functions following awakening. The present study aimed to assess the effects of sleep inertia on cognitive and psychomotor tasks following short nap of 30 min taken in the afternoon hours, a realistic probability in the aerospace operational environment. Material and Methods: In a repetitive measure design, 30 healthy male volunteers having adequate sleep the previous night, were tested for changes in cognitive and psychomotor performance following 30 min of nap after lunch at the Sleep-cum-Group confinement lab. Post nap longitudinal testing for dual task (DT) test and Stroop test was carried out in periodic intervals for 40 min. DT response time (DTRT), DT lag error (DTLE), DT correct clicks (DTCC) and response time difference (Stroop Effect [SE]) were analyzed as performance measures. Results: There was a significant increase in DTRT (χ2 =11.13, P = 0.011) in the post-nap period as compared to pre-nap baseline values. No significant changes were observed in other parameters vis DTLE, DTCC, and SE. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the increase of DTRT was significant at 6 min post-nap session; following which the changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Sleep inertia was found to affect speed component of the task rather than accuracy in a post-nap period of 30 min. The effect was significant at 6 min following awakening and after that, the effects got dissipated. Although nap can be an effective strategy for sleep-alertness management, the effects of sleep inertia have to be borne in mind, especially during sustained military operations.

scholarly journals Baseline Interleukin-6 and -8 predict response and survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib monotherapy: an exploratory post hoc analysis of the SORAMIC trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Öcal ◽  
Kerstin Schütte ◽  
Juozas Kupčinskas ◽  
Egidijus Morkunas ◽  
Gabija Jurkeviciute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Sorafenib Treatment ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Y90 Radioembolization ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Purpose To explore the potential correlation between baseline interleukin (IL) values and overall survival or objective response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving sorafenib. Methods A subset of patients with HCC undergoing sorafenib monotherapy within a prospective multicenter phase II trial (SORAMIC, sorafenib treatment alone vs. combined with Y90 radioembolization) underwent baseline IL-6 and IL-8 assessment before treatment initiation. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, the best cut-off points for baseline IL-6 and IL-8 values predicting overall survival (OS) were evaluated, as well as correlation with the objective response. Results Forty-seven patients (43 male) with a median OS of 13.8 months were analyzed. Cut-off values of 8.58 and 57.9 pg/mL most effectively predicted overall survival for IL-6 and IL-8, respectively. Patients with high IL-6 (HR, 4.1 [1.9–8.9], p < 0.001) and IL-8 (HR, 2.4 [1.2–4.7], p = 0.009) had significantly shorter overall survival than patients with low IL values. Multivariate analysis confirmed IL-6 (HR, 2.99 [1.22–7.3], p = 0.017) and IL-8 (HR, 2.19 [1.02–4.7], p = 0.044) as independent predictors of OS. Baseline IL-6 and IL-8 with respective cut-off values predicted objective response rates according to mRECIST in a subset of 42 patients with follow-up imaging available (IL-6, 46.6% vs. 19.2%, p = 0.007; IL-8, 50.0% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.011). Conclusion IL-6 and IL-8 baseline values predicted outcomes of sorafenib-treated patients in this well-characterized prospective cohort of the SORAMIC trial. We suggest that the respective cut-off values might serve for validation in larger cohorts, potentially offering guidance for improved patient selection.

Haematological changes in elite kayakers during a training season

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grasiely Faccin Borges ◽  
Luis Manuel Pinto Lopes Rama ◽  
Susana Pedreiro ◽  
Fátima Rosado ◽  
Francisco Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Training Cycle ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
Post Hoc

This study monitored haematological markers in response to training load in elite kayakers during a training season. The sample comprised eight elite kayakers aged 22 ± 4.2 years with a 77.2 ± 6.7 kg body mass and a 177.5 ± 5.6 cm stature. The initial [Formula: see text]O2max was 61.2 ± 5.5 mL·kg–1·min–1. The control group consisted of six healthy males, aged 18.6 ± 1.1 years, with an 81.3 ± 13.8 kg body mass and a 171.9 ± 4.5 cm stature. Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the training season after an off-training period of six weeks (t0), at the 11th week after the application of high training volumes (t1), at the 26th week after an intense training cycle (t2), and at the 31st week at the end of a tapering phase (t3). Differences between time points were detected using ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. Significant changes were found after the intense training cycle (t2), lymphocytes decreased while haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corposcular haemoglobin, mean concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, platelets distribution width, and red blood cell distribution width values increased when compared with baseline values. At t3, a reduction in monocyte numbers and an increase in mean platelet volume compared with baseline values were seen. By reducing the volume and intensity of training, many variables returned to values close to those at baseline. Although many athletes had accumulated responses over time due to training, they still suffered transient changes that appear to be influenced by training load. Haemorheology monitoring may help detect health risks, especially during times of intensified training.

The effects of the preference for music on sleep inertia after a short daytime nap

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuo HAYASHI ◽  
Chiharu UCHIDA ◽  
Tomoko SHOJI ◽  
Tadao HORI
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Daytime Nap

Diagnosis of Predominant Negative Symptoms: Post-hoc Analyses of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial with Cariprazine Monotherapy and Risperidone

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S270-S270
Author(s):  
I. Laszlovszky ◽  
Á. Barabássy ◽  
E. Szalai ◽  
B. Szatmári ◽  
J. Harsányi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Population ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Post Hoc

ObjectiveTo present, post hoc analyses from a controlled, prospective study of predominant negative symptoms (PNS) of schizophrenia on baseline patient characteristics, severity of symptoms and their variability among participating countries.MethodsData were analyzed from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study in adult PNS patients with schizophrenia (EudraCT Number 2012-005485-36). Subjects with a PANSS factor score for negative symptoms (PANSS-FSNS) ≥ 24 and no pseudo-specific factors (e.g. high positive symptoms, extrapyramidal symptoms, depression) were randomized to cariprazine 4.5 mg/d (dose range: 3–6 mg/d) or risperidone 4 mg/d (dose range: 3–6 mg/d) for 26 weeks. Baseline values of PANSS-FSNS, individual PANSS items, personal and social performance (PSP), and clinical global impression of severity (CGI-S) were analyzed based on the data gained from 11 European participating countries.ResultsAverage PANSS-FSNS of patients was 27.6 ± 2.48, reflecting severe negative symptoms. Patients were moderately ill (CGI-S 4.2 ± 0.75), with marked difficulties (PSP 48.4 ± 10.78) predominantly in social functioning. The investigated patient population was fairly homogeneous as shown by small variability in all three scores. Moreover, baseline values in the 11 countries presented low variability while number of enrolled patients per country showed high variance (n = 7–118). Narrative description of symptoms and individual PANSS items rated as most severe and prominent were in high correlation.ConclusionPost hoc evaluation of this predominant negative symptom study showed that, this patient population can be identified reliably by psychiatrist. Additional training on the judgment of personal and social relationships can increase the diagnostic accuracy.Disclosure of interestEmployee of Gedeon Richter Plc.

scholarly journals Novel Interpretation of Information Operations in Today’s Changed Operational Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Zsolt Haig
Keyword(s):  
Great Powers ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Definition Of Information

AbstractThe study presents a novel interpretation of information operations due to changes of military operations and operational environment. It analyses the concepts of information operations of NATO and the great powers. Based on these, it creates a comprehensive definition of information operations and categorizes their capabilities. The paper presents the interaction between the technical and cognitive capabilities of information operations and the role and weight of these capabilities in traditional military operations and during the 4th generation military operations in a civilian environment.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Sistem Diseminasi Prakiraan Cuaca Menggunakan Aplikasi Bot Telegram dengan Metode Webhook

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
TrI Istiana ◽  
Raksaka Indra A ◽  
G.S. Budhi Dharmawan ◽  
Bowo Prakoso
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
System Development ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Service Application

An official weather forecast dissemination application named @infoBMKG developed for Android and iOS by BMKG available since 2016. Following users behaviour on instant messaging service application, system development is necessary needed for accommodating request-based dissemination. The Telegram Bot feature with Webhook method is applied because of the efficiency on coding for initial setup in the development of Telegram Bot. Therefore, it allows fast response in sending reply to any request. There are three main menus in the design of the telegram Bot (@BMKGbot) displayed as Weather Forecast, Airport Weather, and Satellite Imagery. As results of performance testing, the average response time dissemination-request 2.54s  for Weather Forecast, 2.76s for Airport Weather and 7.28s for Satellite Imagery. Bigger size of data disseminated in an image format of satellite imagery cause longer response time, however the performance testing obtain response times within satisfactory period and meet as expected.  It is recommended to implement @BMKGbot at reliable hosting service on its operational environment for chasing users’ satisfaction with high availability services in term of weather forecast dissemination.

Inclusion of the Cyber Space in the Operational Environment of the Military Actions - A New Paradigm in the Military Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Mihai Marcel Neag
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe integration, coordination and synchronization of operations, missions and activities in the cyber space with those in the operational environment represent a significant challenge. The priority of the military operations is the accomplishment of the mission and in order for the cyber space to contribute to this purpose, a change of paradigm in the military thinking is necessary. From this perspective, the clarification of the terminological terminology is indispensable, especially in a domain that generates such different interpretations and reactions as those in the cyber field.

scholarly journals A daytime nap restores hippocampal function and improves declarative learning

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Lynn Ong ◽  
Te Yang Lau ◽  
Xuan Kai Lee ◽  
Elaine van Rijn ◽  
Michael W L Chee
Keyword(s):  
Word Pair ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Group Interaction ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Hippocampal Function ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Declarative Learning ◽  
Daytime Nap

Abstract Study Objectives Daytime naps can confer benefits on subsequent declarative learning, but the physiological correlates of this improvement are less well studied. We examined learning following a daytime nap compared with an equivalent waking period using fMRI and polysomnography. Methods Forty healthy young adults who slept normally the previous night encoded word pair lists in an MRI scanner at 13:00 and 16:30. Between sessions, participants either stayed awake and watched a documentary (Wake Group; N = 20) or had a 90-minute nap opportunity (Nap Group; N = 20) monitored by polysomnography. Approximately 40 minutes after completing each encoding session, memory for learned words was assessed using cued-recall. Results A significant Session × Group interaction effect (p &lt; 0.001) was observed in which memory was significantly improved in the Nap but not in the Wake group (p &lt; 0.001). There was also a Session × Run × Group interaction effect in the left hippocampus (p = 0.001), whereby activation during word pair encoding increased only following the nap. Both performance improvement (rs = 0.46, p = 0.04) and nap-related increase in hippocampal activation (rs = 0.46, p = 0.04) were correlated with nap spindle count (12–15 Hz) but not with slow oscillation power (p’s ≥ 0.18). Conclusions After a habitual nocturnal sleep, participants who had a 90-minute afternoon nap encoded word pairs better than a comparable group who stayed awake. Increases in hippocampal activation following the nap suggest restored hippocampal function. Naptime spindles may contribute to improved memory.

scholarly journals Doctrinal Approachs of the Land Operations at Tactical Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Mihai-Marcel Neag
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Manifestation Area ◽  
The Way

Abstract The character of armed conflict will be further granted by the use of conventional military forces, of professionalized but high-tech armies - as it has been enshrined in recent finished confrontations as well as in the ones currently underway- the manifestation area and the intensity of the threats have extremely diversified and expanded in the context of the operational environment. This meant the need for new approaches of the specific operational framework for the conduct of military operations, with consequences for the structure of the operation of groupings of forces and the way of conducting actions.

Effects of Noise on Sleep Inertia as a Function of Circadian Placement of a One-Hour Nap

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tassi ◽  
A. Nicolas ◽  
G. Dewasmes ◽  
R. Eschenlauer ◽  
J. Ehrhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Continuous Noise

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the arousing effects of noise on sleep inertia as a function of circadian placement of a one-hour nap. In a first experiment, we measured the effects of sleep inertia in a neutral acoustic environment after a one-hour nap placed either at 0100 or 0400 on response time during a spatial memory test. In a second experiment were analysed the effects of an intense continuous noise on sleep inertia. The results showed that noise produced a total abolition of sleep inertia after an early nap (0000 to 0100). This may be due to the arousing effect of noise; however, results are less clear after a late nap 0300 to 0400 as noise seems to be ineffective. This result is discussed in terms of either a function of time-of-day effect or of prior sleep intensity. Moreover, our data suggest a possible interaction of noise with partial sleep deprivation leading to a slight deleterious effect on those subjects who did not sleep at all.

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