DIGITAL TWINS AND THEIR APPLIANCE IN TRANSPORT ECONOMICS

Today digitalization increasingly affects the economy, including the transport industry. The consequence of this is the emergence of digital twins that allow modeling and predicting the behavior of both individual processes and enterprises as a whole.The aim of the article is to investigate the process of digitalization in the transport industry. The theoretical basis of the article was the universal organizational science of A. Bogdanov.The article offers a definition of information, and its classification in relation to the economy at three levels: applied information (technological information), information about algorithms of the owners of factors production behavior (behavioral information) and information, with which the impact on the owners of production factors and the real economy in general (directive information). The totality of these levels of information from the macroeconomic point of view forms an information economy, and from the microeconomic point of view – a digital twin of a particular subject of the real economy.It is proved that the digital economy is a subsystem of the information economy, differs in a binary way of presenting information and is maximally oriented to the management of the real economy.Information precedes all activity, so the real economy is a product of the information economy. Consequently, the technological division of labor is based on a prior informational division of labor. This theoretically allows us to judge the adequacy of the digital twin through the analysis of individual technological levels of the transport enterprise. This hypothesis was applied to the analysis of the Russian railway transport, which gave reason to consider this approach promising for use at macro- and micro-levels both.

Information and analytical support for the management of tangible current assets of the enterprise

The paper investigates that the realization and control of the implementation of management decisions on tangible current assets is impossible without appropriate information and analytical support of this process. The main prerequisites for creating an effective management system of tangible current assets are indicated. The definition of information-analytical support of tangible current assets management of the enterprise is offered, which allows to consider it as: a component of tangible current assets management system; purposeful set of actions of management staff; the process of forming and transmitting available analytical information. It is established that the technology of accounting and analytical management of tangible current assets involves three stages: previous, basic and final. The characteristics of these stages are given and the tasks, the solution of which is realized within the functional subsystems of accounting, analysis, control, planning and forecasting, are determined. The authors define the object and subject, the purpose of management of tangible current assets, the task is formed, the principles of the system of management of tangible current assets of the enterprise are substantiated. Implementation of stages of technology to create appropriate information and analytical support is possible only with adequate management and technical support. Management support is related to determining the amount and structure of information needed for managers at different levels; clear setting of parameters and settings of the information exchange system; application of reliable methods of protection of the available information; using adapted information to justify and make strategic decisions. Technical support involves the use of computer engineering means, which allows you to filter, verify, duplicate and store information.

High value information for managers in organisations

Due to information overload, information management for managers in organisations is a big task. To avoid information overload and to retain the right information for reuse, an effective mechanism for evaluating information is required. Various tools and strategies are presented in an attempt to obtain information's "value." This study examines the topic of information overload, the definition of information value, and associated research on the value of information in many fields to resolve this issue. The Bayesian Theorem and information characteristics are used to offer a framework for evaluating information.

“Information Isn’t Knowledge”: Denis Rougemont on the Verge of the Information Society

Today it’s not possible to deny the approach of the new epoch – the epoch of the information society. The high technologies have infiltrated the total scope of the everyday life of modern people. In 2020 our civilization confronted the new, but for a long time anticipated, challenge, - mass introduction of distant education in schools and universities. We still will have to comprehend the results of this social experiment in the nearest future. Still one fact arises no doubts: information nowadays is the product that is widely and easily (perhaps, too easily) accessible, but real knowledge remains the lot of the few, and even tend to marginalize. Forty years ago the stated problems became the issue of the studies of the Swiss philosopher Denis de Rougemont. His conclusions turn out to be more and more relevant with the acceleration of the process of culture, communications and education digitalization. His article “Information Isn’t Knowledge” has been published in Russian for the first time. The article deals with the issues of information technologies integration into the human cognitive activity, its influence on the thinking process and cultural, ethic and spiritual values formation. Denis de Rougemont step by step reveals the definition of information technologies, their application in various areas of human existence, their ability to compete with personality and the consequences of their integration in everyday life. These speculations become especially valuable in the era of the triumph for information society and global computerization.

APPROACHES TO DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ INFORMATION CULTURE IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION

The article focuses on the importance of information culture as an integral part of professional culture of engineers, which affects the quality and safety of engineering solutions. The main two approaches to the definition of "information culture" are determined, which include an information approach when the information culture is reduced to the concept of computer or information literacy and a culturological approach when the concept "information culture" is seen as a way of human life in the information society. Development of the information culture acts as a process of harmonization of the inner world of man in the acquisition of socially significant information. The main components of information culture of engineers are highlighted, including literacy and competence in understanding the nature of information processes and relationships, humanistically oriented information value-semantic sphere, developed information reflection, creativity in information behaviour and socio-information activity. Based on a broad understanding of information culture as a qualitative characteristic of the life of a specialist in terms of receiving, transmitting, storing and using information, where universal moral values are the main priority, basic methodological approaches to forming information culture of future engineers are proposed, namely: system, personal, activity, integrative, culturological, axiological and reflexive approaches. The process of developing future engineers’ information culture in the process of professional training in higher educational institutions will be effective providing that it is based on the substantiated methodological approaches.

FEATURES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF COMPUTER INFORMATION

The article deals with the issues of illegal access to computer information, its copying and the definition of information security.

The ‘Harm Principle’ and Information Disorder Online

Misinformation propagation in its current form is a global problem that requires urgent solutions. Historically, instances of misinformation publicly propagated can be found as far back as the sixth century AD.Scholars and researchers have generally settled for a definition of ‘information disorder’ that reveals three variants: misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. What should be of paramount importance, in the fight against information disorders, is the potential of false information to cause harm. The ‘harm principle’ was proposed by the British philosopher John Stuart Mill in 1859 and needs an upgrade for the social media age. One such upgrade is proposed by Cass Sunstein.

TRAINING OF FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL SECURITY

Рассматривается вопрос применения информационно-технологической безопасности в процессе подготовки офицерских кадров для нужд Федеральной службы войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Акцентируется внимание на том, что образовательная сфера претерпевает существенные изменения, что в свою очередь вносит огромное корректирующее значение в процесс обучения будущих офицерских кадров Росгвардии. Описывается, что военная наука существенно отличается от традиционной системы образования в гражданских образовательных учреждениях и развитие военного образования осуществляется как самостоятельная отрасль специального образования. Приводится проблематика проводимых исследований по эффективности процесса обучения в военных образовательных организациях высшего образования Росгвардии, данные исследования набирают колоссальную популярность и значимость. Описаны основные значимые тенденции развития информационно-технологической безопасности как составной части информационной безопасности, дается понятийное определение информационно-технологической безопасности, что ставит обеспечение безопасности на одну из передовых позиций, реализующих определенные интересы государства и общества в информационном обмене. Рассматриваются существующие уровни информационно-технологической безопасности по критериям ее использования. Описывается информационная направленность в военном образовании, которая позволит достичь определенных образовательных целей в ходе подготовки будущих офицерских кадров для нужд Росгвардии. Делается акцент на то, что применение информационных технологий в процессе обучения не заменит полностью опыт профессорско-преподавательского состава по направлению соответствующей отрасли, а только облегчит понимание и усвоение курсантами учебного материала. В заключительной части делается обобщающий вывод о том, что информационно-технологическая безопасность выдвигает на первоочередную позицию проблематику, имеющуюся по вопросам обеспечения информационной безопасности в ходе подготовки будущих офицерских кадров Росгвардии. The article deals with the application of information technology security in the process of training officers for the needs of the Federal Service of the National Guard of the Russian Federation. Attention is focused on the fact that the educational sphere is undergoing significant changes, which in turn makes a huge corrective value in the process of training future officers of the Russian Guard. It is described that military science differs significantly from the traditional education system in civilian educational institutions and the development of military education is carried out as an independent branch of special education. The problems of ongoing research on the effectiveness of the learning process in military educational institutions of higher education of the Russian Guard are given, that these studies are gaining tremendous popularity and significance. The main significant trends in the development of information technology security, as an integral part of information security, are described, a conceptual definition of information technology security is given, which puts security in one of the leading positions that implement certain interests of the state and society in information exchange. The main significant trends in the development of information technology security as an integral part of information security are described, a conceptual definition of information technology security is given, which puts security in one of the leading positions that implement certain interests of the state and society in information exchange. The existing levels of information technology security are considered according to the criteria for its use. The informational orientation in military education is described, which will allow achieving certain educational goals in the course of training future officers for the needs of the Russian Guard. An aspect is made that the use of information technologies in the learning process will not completely replace the experience of the teaching staff in the direction of the relevant industry, but will only facilitate the understanding and assimilation of the educational material by the cadets. In the final part, a generalizing conclusion is given to the fact that information technology security brings to the fore the issues available on the issues of providing information.

Basic Concepts of Information Systems

This chapter covers the basic concepts of the information systems (IS) field to prepare the reader to quickly approach the book’s other chapters: the Definition of information, the notion of system, and, more particularly, information systems. We also discuss the typology of IS according to the managerial level and decision-making in the IS. Furthermore, we describe information systems applications covering functional areas and focusing on the execution of business processes across the enterprise, including all management levels. We briefly discuss the aspects related to IS security that ensure the protection and integrity of information. We continue our exploration by presenting several metrics, mainly financial, to assess the added value of IS in companies. Next, we present a brief description of a very fashionable approach to make the information system evolve in all coherence, which is the urbanization of IS. We conclude this chapter with some IS challenges focusing on the leading causes of IS implementation’s failure and success.