Influence of growing phase feed efficiency classification on finishing phase growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed different diet types1

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P < 0.01) final BW, greater (P < 0.001) ADG, improved (P < 0.001) G:F, heavier (P < 0.01) HCW, and larger (P < 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P < 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P < 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

Download Full-text

Effects of Supplements Differing in Fatty Acid Profile to Late Gestational Beef Cows on Steer Progeny Finishing Phase Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and mRNA Expression of Myogenic and Adipogenic Genes

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1904

Author(s):

Taoqi Shao ◽

Joshua C. McCann ◽

Daniel W. Shike

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Phase Growth ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Relative Mrna Expression

The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding late gestational beef cows supplements differing in fatty acid profile on steer progeny finishing phase growth performance, carcass characteristics, and relative mRNA expression of myogenic and adipogenic genes. Seventy Angus-cross steers (initial body weight [BW] 273 ± 34 kg) born from dams supplemented with either 155 g DM/d EnerGII (CON, rich in palmitic and oleic acids) or 80 g DM/d Strata + 80 g DM/d Prequel (PUFA, rich in linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) for the last 77 ± 6 d prepartum were used. Longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose biopsies were collected to evaluate relative mRNA expression of genes related to myogenesis and adipogenesis. Steers were slaughtered at 423 ± 6 d of age. No treatment × time interaction or treatment effect (p ≥ 0.21) was detected for steer finishing phase BW, while steers from PUFA supplemented dams tended (p = 0.06) to have a greater gain to feed ratio (G:F). Neither carcass characteristics nor relative mRNA expression was different (p ≥ 0.11). In conclusion, late gestation PUFA supplementation tended to increase steer progeny finishing phase G:F, but had no effects on finishing phase BW, carcass characteristics, or relative mRNA expression during the finishing phase.

Download Full-text

Effects of restricted feeding and re-alimentation of dietary protein or energy on compensatory growth of sheep

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v47i3.15 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 389-396

Author(s):

W. Addah ◽

A. Ayantunde ◽

E.K. Okine

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

High Energy ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽

Daily Gain

The study investigated the effects of re-alimenting dietary protein or energy on growth, carcass characteristics and meat eating quality parameters of sheep. Twenty-seven intact rams (~9 months; 11.3 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed a maintenance diet (MT) containing, on dry matter (DM) basis, 105 g/kg crude protein (CP) and 8.4 MJ/kg DM metabolizable energy (ME) for 30 days. Thereafter, they were continually fed the same MT or re-alimented with a high protein diet (HP) containing 169 g/kg DM CP and 9.3 MJ/kg ME or a high energy diet (HE) containing 123 g/kg DM CP and 10.6 MJ/kg ME for an additional 30 days to determine the effects of re-alimentation of protein or energy on their growth performance and carcass characteristics. During the initial 30-day period, DM intake (DMI) and growth performance were similar among the three groups. However, upon re-alimentation, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency of sheep re-alimented with HP were greater than those maintained continually on MT or re-alimented with HE. Sheep on HP had higher feed efficiency, ADG and heavier carcasses than those fed MT or re-alimented with HE during the whole 60-day period. Growth of most viscera was less responsive to the restriction-re-alimentation feeding regimen except for the weights of the lungs, heart and intestines. Meat from sheep re-alimented with HE had a more intense ‘sheepy’ flavour than those fed MT or re-alimented with HP, but juiciness and tenderness were not affected. The higher ADG of sheep re-alimented with protein may be related more to enhanced efficiency of feed utilization than to higher DMI.Keywords: average daily gain, feed restriction, nutrient utilization efficiency, visceral organs

Download Full-text

Influence of Enogen Feed corn and conventional yellow dent corn in pelleted or meal-based diets on finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab092 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hadley R Williams ◽

Mike D Tokach ◽

Jason C Woodworth ◽

Joel M DeRouchey ◽

Robert D Goodband ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Dent Corn ◽

Finishing Pig ◽

Feed Form ◽

Pig Performance

Abstract Genetic modification of corn has enhanced the use of different corn hybrids in animal agriculture. Enogen Feed corn, developed by Syngenta Seeds (Downers Grove, IL), has potential for use in livestock diets due to increase α-amylase enzyme in the corn thus improving starch digestibility. In addition, the pelleting process also increases starch gelatinization which increases its digestibility by the pig, increasing growth rate and improving feed efficiency. Therefore, pelleting Enogen Feed corn might prove to provide a greater response in growth performance than conventional yellow dent corn. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of corn source and diet form on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 288 pigs (53.0 ± 0.5 kg) were used with 8 pigs per pen and 9 pens per treatment in a 72-d study. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of corn source (Enogen Feed corn or conventional yellow dent corn) and diet form (meal or pellet). For overall (d 0 to 72) performance, no interactions between corn source and diet form were observed. There was a tendency (P < 0.10) for slightly improved average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) for pigs fed conventional yellow dent corn compared to those fed Enogen Feed corn. For feed form, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased (P < 0.001) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed meal diets. For carcass characteristics, pigs fed pelleted diets had increased hot carcass weight compared to pigs fed meal diets (P < 0.001). In summary, feeding pelleted diets to finishing pigs increased ADG and improved feed efficiency compared to those fed meal-based diets. There were no major differences between observed corn sources or interactions between corn source and diet form on growth performance.

Download Full-text

450 Late-Breaking: Effects of bedding on feedlot receiving phase growth performance in beef steers during the winter in eastern South Dakota

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.289 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 141-142

Author(s):

Dathan Smerchek ◽

Zachary K Smith

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

South Dakota ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Phase Growth ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract Two-hundred and forty English × Continental beef steers (initial BW=365 kg [SD 22.5]) were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of bedding application during a 36 d feedlot receiving phase on growth performance and efficiency during winter. Steers were allotted to 30 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) at the Ruminant Nutrition Center in Brookings, SD and pens were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) No bedding applied (NO) or 2) 1.8 kg (as-is basis) of wheat straw bedding/steer/d (BED). Due to the logistics of acquiring, weighing, and timely feeding of steers, the first 9 pen replicates began on test 14 d prior (begin: January 15, 2019 and end: February 20, 2019) to the last 6 pen replicates (begin: January 29, 2019 and end: March 6, 2019). Pen was the experimental unit; an α of 0.05 determined significance. Daily ambient temperature (n = 50) averaged -14.7°C [SD 5.63] and wind-chill (n = 50) averaged -17.7°C [SD 6.40]. Initial BW (365 vs. 365 ± 0.5 kg) and dry matter intake (8.19 vs. 8.22 ± 0.047 kg) did not differ (P ≥ 0.57) between NO and BED. End BW was greater for BED (P = 0.01; 419 vs. 402 ± 1.09 kg) compared to NO. Steers from BED had increased average daily gain (P = 0.01) by 48.0% and gain:feed (P = 0.01) by 49.2% over NO. Using tabular ingredient energy values and observed steer performance shrunk 4%, relative adjustments to metabolic rate were calculated. Estimated metabolic rate was elevated (P = 0.01) for NO (0.146 vs. 0.104 ± 0.0032 Mcal/BW0.75, kg). Bedding improves feedlot receiving phase growth and efficiency in eastern South Dakota during the winter. Under the environmental conditions of this experiment, steers have a 40.4% increased metabolic rate when bedding is not used and steers in bedded pens had a 35.1% increase in metabolic rate compared to (0.077 Mcal/BW0.75, kg).

Download Full-text

Effects of encapsulated nitrate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nitrate residues in tissues, and enteric methane emissions in beef steers: Finishing phase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas2017.1461 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 3712

Author(s):

C. Lee ◽

R. C. Araujo ◽

K. M. Koenig ◽

K. A. Beauchemin

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Methane Emissions ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Enteric Methane ◽

Enteric Methane Emissions

Download Full-text

Effect of different levels of dietary crude protein on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers at different phases of growth

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3255 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

T. Srilatha ◽

V. Ravinder Reddy ◽

V. Chinni Preetam ◽

S.V. Rama Rao ◽

Y. Ramana Reddy

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Low Levels ◽

Different Levels

An experiment was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of crude protein in broiler diets during different phases. i.e., pre starter (0-11d), starter (12-21d) and finisher (22-42d). 360 day-old broilers (Vencobb) were procured from a commercial hatchery and fed either high or low dietary CP diets during pre-starter (23 and 21%) , starter (21 and 19%) and high, moderate or low CP diets during finisher ( 18.5, 17.5 and 16.5%) phases, for a total of 12 possible treatment combinations at d 42. The results showed that the broilers fed low levels of CP ( 21 and 19 %) had significantly(P less than 0.05) higher body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), and better feed efficiency over the diets with high levels of CP during pre-starter and starter phases (23 and 21%, respectively). The higher (18.5%) level of protein in the finisher phase showed higher BWG and best FCR compared to the lower levels (17.5 and 16.5%). Carcass characters were not influenced by the variation in dietary CP level tested except the abdominal fat weight which was significantly higher in broiler fed low CP diet compared to those fed higher levels of CP during all three phases. The results indicated that the broilers fed low CP diets supplemented with critical amino acids (21 and 19%) had beneficial effect on the growth performance during pre-starter and starter phase. The broilers showed an ability to respond to increase in dietary CP levels during finisher phase.

Download Full-text

Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management systems on growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2014-7751 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 3598-3609 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. Moriel ◽

S. E. Johnson ◽

J. M. B. Vendramini ◽

M. A. McCann ◽

D. E. Gerrard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Management Systems ◽

Beef Steers ◽

Weaning Age

Download Full-text

227 Impact of feeding Aspergillus subspecies (ssp.) blend and different corn processing methods on finishing beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.237 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 136-137

Author(s):

Stacia M Hopfauf ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Levi J McPhillips ◽

Galen E Erickson

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Beef Steers ◽

High Moisture ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Main Effect ◽

Corn Processing ◽

High Moisture Corn

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding Aspergillus ssp. blend in combination with dry-rolled (DRC) or high-moisture corn (HMC) based finishing diets on performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (n = 320; initial BW = 267 ± 9 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design. Cattle were assigned randomly to pens by initial body weight (BW) and pens were assigned randomly to one of four treatments with 8 pens per treatment for simple effect means. Treatments were set up as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors consisting of corn processing and 0 g / steer daily or 10 g / steer daily Aspergillus ssp. blend. There were no significant interactions (P ≥ 0.23) observed between corn processing and Aspergillus ssp. blend in the diet; therefore, only main effects are discussed. For the main effect of Aspergillus ssp. blend; no significant differences were observed for dry-matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), or carcass traits (P ≥ 0.78). Cattle fed Aspergillus ssp. blend had a greater 12th rib fat (P = 0.05). For the main effect of corn processing, cattle fed DRC had heavier HCW and final BW (P = 0.04), greater ADG (P = 0.05), and greater DMI (P < 0.01). However, steers fed HMC had greater G:F (P < 0.01) compared to DRC. These data suggest that feeding Aspergillus ssp. blend in either with dry-rolled or high moisture corn diets did not significantly improve performance or carcass characteristics in finishing beef steers. While feeding HMC improved feed efficiency compared to DRC, feeding DRC increased ADG (and also DMI) compared to HMC.

Download Full-text