Effect of Oral and Abomasal Administration of Volatile Fatty Acids on Voluntary Feed Intake of Growing Lambs

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Papas ◽  
E. E. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

The intake, digestibility and utilization of a low-quality roughage by Brahman cross, buffalo, banteng and Shorthorn steers

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Moran ◽  
BW Norton ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Fluid Flow Rate ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The intake, digestibility and utilization of a low quality (0.8% nitrogen) sorghum hay was studied in Brahman cross, buffalo, banteng and Shorthorn steers. Comparisons of diet utilization were made after data were adjusted for differences in liveweight and feed intake. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between species in voluntary feed intake, faecal excretion of organic matter, cellulose and energy, and urinary excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and energy. Utilization of water was least efficient in the buffaloes and most efficient in the banteng. The concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumens of Brahman crosses, buffaloes and bantengs were similar, but the Brahman crosses had a higher proportion of butyric and a lower proportion of propionic acid than the other two species. The bantengs had a smaller rumen fluid volume and a slower rumen fluid flow rate but all three species had similar mean marker residence times in the rumen. The results from this experiment support the view that there are few differences between cattle species in their ability to digest and utilize a low quality roughage when comparisons are made between animals of similar liveweight and feed intake.

Effects of supplementation with safflower oil on voluntary feed intake and tissue fatty acid composition of steers fed low quality hay ad libitum

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'Kelly ◽  
WG Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

The effect of safflower oil supplement (200 mL/day) on voluntary feed intake and fatty acid composition of plasma, blood platelets, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and M. longissimus dorsi muscle was studied in Brahman steers consuming a low quality hay. The initial mean liveweight (LW) of the steers was 197 kg. Mean LW gain over 50 days was 20 kg for all steers, but voluntary feed intake (5.63 kg/day) was reduced by 1.02 kg/day with safflower oil. Supplementation increased the plasma concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, indicating a less complete hydrogenation of dietary safflower oil than of hay by rumen microorganisms. Safflower oil altered the fatty acid (FA) profiles of platelet and muscle phospholipids. with increases in the proportions of monounsaturated acids (MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) and associated decreases in the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA). The neutral lipids of adipose tissue consisted of 60% SFA and 38% MFA in steers fed hay alone, compared with 53% SFA and 45% MFA in supplemented steers. Safflower oil had no effect on the total fat content of muscle; the concentration of PFA was not significantly altered, but SFA decreased 17% in parallel with a 23% increase in MFA. The results support proposals that dietary oil supplements may be used to reduce forage intake during dry season or drought, to conserve body protein and to modify the FA composition of meat phospholipids which may, in turn, influence meat quality of ruminants consuming low quality roughage diets.

Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. V. Effects of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids upon voluntary intake of roughage by sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Intake Regulation

Results of experiments with infusions of volatile fatty acids into the rumen reveal that the induced changes in voluntary intake of roughages are not immediate, and vary in extent between animals. Single infusions resulted in subsequent depressions of feed intake, these being only partly related to the amount of energy of the infused volatile fatty acids. When longer-term infusions were made, acetic acid in small quantities depressed feed intake more than did propionic, and propionic acid modified the effect of acetic when the two were given together. Also recorded is an observation that animals receiving a casein-supplemented roughage diet reduced their feed intake when casein was infused per duodenum over 14-day periods. Results are discussed in relation to an hypothesis of an indirect mechanism attempting to maintain or restore the original energy balance, but showing considerable delay or inertia and imprecision when observed on a day to day basis.

The fatty acid composition of backfat from Pietrain and Large White pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Large White ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

SUMMARYThe fatty acid composition of backfat from Pietrain and Large White pigs was examined. Both the inner and outer layers of Pietrain backfat had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids. Pietrains consequently had relatively soft fat.A pair-feeding experiment was conducted with Large White and Pietrain pigs to determine whether these differences could be explained by the lower voluntary feed intake of Pietrains. The results showed that the Large Whites continued to accumulate relatively saturated fatty acids even at the lower level of feeding. It was concluded that the differences in the fatty acid composition of backfat reflect genetic differences in the capacity for fat deposition between the two breeds.

Effects of level of intake and urea supplementation of alkali-treated straw on protozoal and bacterial nitrogen synthesis in the rumen and partition of digestion in cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Punia ◽  
J Leibholz ◽  
GJ Faichney
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
High Feed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Microbial N

Six Friesian heifers (c. 300 kg) fitted with cannulas were given diets of wheat straw sprayed with NaOH (4.4 % wlw) and essential minerals either with or without urea (3% w/w). The total protozoal numbers in the rumen fluid were not significantly different between dietary trcatments (mean 6.2 X 104/ml). However, there were more holotrichs and medium-size entodiniomorph protozoa in the rumen fluid of the cattle given the HU and LU diets than the Hand L diets. Protozoal counts in the omasal fluid were 44% of those in rumen fluid. The apparent digestibilities of OM and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) in the stomach and in the total tract were lower with high than low feed intakes. The urea supplement enhanced the digestibilities of OM and NDF in the stomach and in the total tract. The total nitrogen (N) and non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing to the omasum and to the duodenum per unit of N intake were significantly greater with the low than the high feed intakes and with urea supplementation of the diets than without urea supplementation. The proportions of total microbial N and bacterial N in omasal NAN were higher with the supplement of urea than the unsupplemented straw. The bacterial N in the NAN flowing to the omasum was lower for the high than the low intakes. Concentrations of ammonia-N and total volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid were higher for the ureasupplemented straw than the unsupplemented straw. The high level of feed intake was associated with higher water volume and solid contents in the rumen.

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY VOLATILE FATTY ACID MIXTURES ON PERFORMANCE AND ON FAT COMPOSITION OF GROWING PIGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
B. A. YOUNG ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the acceptability, calculated digestible energy, influence on performance, and effect on fatty acid composition of backfat when a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFA) or of a sodium salt of these fatty acids (Na VFA) was fed to pigs. The weight percent of the VFA mixture was 40 acetic, 40 propionic and 20 butyric acid. Adding 2 to 8% VFA or Na VFA to the diet, without adjustment for digestible energy or total protein, did not influence feed intake or rate of gain. Dietary levels of 10 or 12% VFA or Na VFA depressed daily gain. When 4% VFA or Na VFA was fed from an initial weight of 12 kg, feed intake was not altered in comparison with that of pigs fed a control diet. Rate of gain averaged 0.64 kg per day for pigs fed either VFA or Na VFA, compared with 0.60 kg for control pigs. The digestible energy values of the VFA and Na VFA, based on calculated energy conversion from 38 to 75 kg liveweight, were higher than the gross energy values of the compounds determined by oxygen bomb calorimetry, presumably because of a synergistic action of VFA with other energy sources in the diet. Carcass backfat thickness, area of loin and lean in the ham face were not significantly altered by feeding VFA or Na VFA. When pigs received up to 12% VFA or Na VFA, weight percent oleic acid in the outer backfat was increased (P < 0.05) from 49.9% in the control pigs to between 52.7 and 53.3 percent. There was no influence on backfat composition when 4% VFA or Na VFA was fed continuously.

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