Short-Term Voluntary Feed Intake and Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids of Steers Fed Diets Diluted with Polyethylene Particles

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Boling ◽  
T. Kowalczyk ◽  
E. R. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Polyethylene Particles

scholarly journals Effect of underfeeding on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in ewes

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Nozière ◽  
Didier Rémond ◽  
Laurence Bernard ◽  
Michel Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Net Release ◽  
Total Amino Acids

We investigated whether short-term underfeeding could induce adaptative mechanisms in portal-drained viscera (PDV) that would allow nutrients to be spared for vital functions in adult ewes. Six ewes (three of them fitted with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins) were fed, in a double 3×3 Latin square design (2 weeks per experimental period), a regrowth of natural grassland hay at 143 (high; H), 88 (medium; M) and 51 (low; L) % of their energy maintenance requirements. The digestibility of the diet was measured in all six ewes and the net portal fluxes of nutrients in the three catheterized ewes. The organic matter content and N digestibility of the diet were not affected by underfeeding. Urinary and faecal N losses and N balance were linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentration of acetate was linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentrations of the other volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, glucose, NH3, urea and total amino acids were not affected by underfeeding. Arterial concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased with underfeeding. The portal net release of all volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate and NH3were linearly related to intake. The portal net flux of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and thus total amino acids, remained unchanged between levels H and M, and decreased between levels M and L. A significant net uptake for glycine and total non-essential amino acids occurred at level L. The portal net uptake of glucose, urea, glutamate and glutamine, and the portal net release of lactate and NEFA were not affected by underfeeding. Summation of portal energy fluxes indicated that 51 % of the metabolizable energy intake was recovered in the portal blood with the three levels of intake. In conclusion, no quantitative adaptation to spare energy, in terms of percentage of intake, occurred in PDV of short-term underfed ruminants, but the pattern of absorption of energetic nutrients was modified.

Effect of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids on the intake of a low-digestibility straw by sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
F. D. de B. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Different Doses

The voluntary intake of roughage diets by ruminants is related to their degradation characteristics (Hovell et al., 1986). Furthermore, as forage quality is improved the outflow of undegraded particles is increased. Previous studies have shown that differences between forages in outflow from the rumen were mainly associated with the outflow of liquid from the rumen. In this context there could be chemical factors arising from the rapid fermentation of the more degradable forages that could stimulate salivary flow or movement of water across the rumen wall, increasing liquid outflow from the rumen, and thus washing undegraded residues from the rumen and enabling the animal to eat more. One possible signal is rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) levels since YFA production and concentration are significantly greater with roughages that support greater intakes and rumen outflows. Intraruminal infusions of VFA have been shown to depress feed intake in ruminants (Baile & Forbes, 1974). However, most of the infusion studies have been conducted with animals fed diets containing concentrates or high-quality forages, and most of them examined short-term intake responses to intraruminal infusions of, probably, supraphysiological levels of VFA (Dejong, 1986). The aim of this experiment was to examine whether the voluntary intake of a low quality roughage by sheep could be affected by the infusion of VFA at different doses into the rumen.

A note on the effect of polyethylene particles on rumen metabolism of strees

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fordyce ◽  
M. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Polyethylene Particles ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYExperiments were carried out to determine the effects of giving 1·36 kg of ‘RuffTabs’, polythene particles of dimension 1·27 × 0·63 × 0·95 cm3 (RT) to castrated male cattle (steers) given an all-concentrate diet, on the outflow of fluid from the rumen, on rumination and on the molar proportions of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen.RT reduced the flow of fluid from the rumen of steers, given a restricted amount of an all-concentrate diet, from 4·65 to 2·75% rumen volume/hr. RT had no effect on the total time spent daily in ruminating and eating. The molar proportions of volatile fatty acids were unaffected by RT in steers which were given the diet ad libitum but when RT was given to steers offered a restricted allowance of feed there was a highly significant (P < 0·001) reduction in acetic and an increase in butyric, valeric and caproic acids.The feed intake of the steers was unaffected by RT.

The intake, digestibility and utilization of a low-quality roughage by Brahman cross, buffalo, banteng and Shorthorn steers

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Moran ◽  
BW Norton ◽  
JV Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Fluid Flow Rate ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The intake, digestibility and utilization of a low quality (0.8% nitrogen) sorghum hay was studied in Brahman cross, buffalo, banteng and Shorthorn steers. Comparisons of diet utilization were made after data were adjusted for differences in liveweight and feed intake. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between species in voluntary feed intake, faecal excretion of organic matter, cellulose and energy, and urinary excretion of nitrogen, phosphorus and energy. Utilization of water was least efficient in the buffaloes and most efficient in the banteng. The concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumens of Brahman crosses, buffaloes and bantengs were similar, but the Brahman crosses had a higher proportion of butyric and a lower proportion of propionic acid than the other two species. The bantengs had a smaller rumen fluid volume and a slower rumen fluid flow rate but all three species had similar mean marker residence times in the rumen. The results from this experiment support the view that there are few differences between cattle species in their ability to digest and utilize a low quality roughage when comparisons are made between animals of similar liveweight and feed intake.

Effects of supplementation with safflower oil on voluntary feed intake and tissue fatty acid composition of steers fed low quality hay ad libitum

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'Kelly ◽  
WG Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Safflower Oil ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

The effect of safflower oil supplement (200 mL/day) on voluntary feed intake and fatty acid composition of plasma, blood platelets, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and M. longissimus dorsi muscle was studied in Brahman steers consuming a low quality hay. The initial mean liveweight (LW) of the steers was 197 kg. Mean LW gain over 50 days was 20 kg for all steers, but voluntary feed intake (5.63 kg/day) was reduced by 1.02 kg/day with safflower oil. Supplementation increased the plasma concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, indicating a less complete hydrogenation of dietary safflower oil than of hay by rumen microorganisms. Safflower oil altered the fatty acid (FA) profiles of platelet and muscle phospholipids. with increases in the proportions of monounsaturated acids (MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) and associated decreases in the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA). The neutral lipids of adipose tissue consisted of 60% SFA and 38% MFA in steers fed hay alone, compared with 53% SFA and 45% MFA in supplemented steers. Safflower oil had no effect on the total fat content of muscle; the concentration of PFA was not significantly altered, but SFA decreased 17% in parallel with a 23% increase in MFA. The results support proposals that dietary oil supplements may be used to reduce forage intake during dry season or drought, to conserve body protein and to modify the FA composition of meat phospholipids which may, in turn, influence meat quality of ruminants consuming low quality roughage diets.

Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. V. Effects of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids upon voluntary intake of roughage by sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Intake Regulation

Results of experiments with infusions of volatile fatty acids into the rumen reveal that the induced changes in voluntary intake of roughages are not immediate, and vary in extent between animals. Single infusions resulted in subsequent depressions of feed intake, these being only partly related to the amount of energy of the infused volatile fatty acids. When longer-term infusions were made, acetic acid in small quantities depressed feed intake more than did propionic, and propionic acid modified the effect of acetic when the two were given together. Also recorded is an observation that animals receiving a casein-supplemented roughage diet reduced their feed intake when casein was infused per duodenum over 14-day periods. Results are discussed in relation to an hypothesis of an indirect mechanism attempting to maintain or restore the original energy balance, but showing considerable delay or inertia and imprecision when observed on a day to day basis.

The fatty acid composition of backfat from Pietrain and Large White pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Large White ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake

SUMMARYThe fatty acid composition of backfat from Pietrain and Large White pigs was examined. Both the inner and outer layers of Pietrain backfat had higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids. Pietrains consequently had relatively soft fat.A pair-feeding experiment was conducted with Large White and Pietrain pigs to determine whether these differences could be explained by the lower voluntary feed intake of Pietrains. The results showed that the Large Whites continued to accumulate relatively saturated fatty acids even at the lower level of feeding. It was concluded that the differences in the fatty acid composition of backfat reflect genetic differences in the capacity for fat deposition between the two breeds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document