015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sorghum silage substitution with different proportions of triticale silage on the performance and carcass of Braford heifers. Twenty-four Braford heifers were randomly assigned to four diets where sorghum silage was replaced at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% for triticale silage in a feedlot system. During sixty-tree days of the experiment, the feed intake, feed ratio conversion, and average daily gain were measured. The heifers were slaughtered and the effects of the sorghum and triticale silage in carcass characteristics were evaluated. The replacement of sorghum silage with triticale silage did not affect the feed intake and average daily gain (P> 0.05). Feed gain ratio was higher for the heifers that received lower proportions of triticale silage (0% and 30%) in replace sorghum silage (P <0.05). Eye loin area and fat thickness were similar among treatments (P<0.05). Other carcass characteristics, such as slaughter live weight, dressing percentage, conformation and fat classification were similar among experimental treatments (P<0.005). Triticale silage can replace sorghum silage for finishing beef heifers in feedlot system and provides similar carcass characteristics.

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Comparison of linear functions to estimate growth performance and feed intake variations pattern in growing and finishing pigs in high ambient temperature

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.44.2.177-186 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

N. Lee ◽

J. W. Choi ◽

H. S. Ko ◽

S. J. Ohh ◽

Y. H. Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

High Ambient Temperature ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Linear Relationships

High ambient temperature (AT) is a major constraint on efficiency of farming in pig production. Results of reported studies assessing the influences of high AT on pig performance are highly variable, particularly in pigs with different body weight (BW). Therefore, a meta-analysis from ISI Web of Science and PubMed was operated to explain variations of average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) in the reports across literatures during high AT in growing or finishing pigs. Pigs were divided to three BW categories as LOW (46 to 65 kg), MED (65< to 85 kg), and HGH (85< kg). The significant effect of AT on ADG were observed in LOW, MED, and HGH categories. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple linear regression shows significance of linear relationships between both ADG and ADFI, and AT and BW as: ADGLOW= 1260-19.9*AT+2.09*BW, ADGMED= 1546-22.5*AT-0.88*W, ADGHGH= 1893-31.9*AT-2.40*BW, ADFILOW= 1756-35.0*AT+24.6*BW, ADFIMED= 2793-49.6*AT+12.5*BW, and ADFIHGH= 4172-59.0*AT+0.74*BW. The significant effect of temperature on gain to feed ratio (G:F) was observed in LOW and HGH categories. The ANOVA for multiple regression revealed evidence on high significance of linear relationships between G:F and AT: G:FLOW =0.80+0.02*AT+0.02*BW, G:FMED= 0.95+0.02*AT+0.02*BW, and G:FHGH= 0.78+0.05*AT+0.01*BW. The overall results of mixed model analysis show that the significant interaction between BW and AT means that pigs in heavier category have lower G:F when temperature increases. In conclusion, high AT linearly decrease the ADG, ADFI, and G:F of growing and finishing pigs.

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73 Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 57-58

Author(s):

Uislei Orlando ◽

Ning Lu ◽

Carine Vier ◽

Wayne Cast ◽

Xun Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine

Abstract Our objective was to determine the effects of feeding different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on performance of growing-finishing pigs from 30- to 130-kg. A total of 2,016 barrows and gilts (PIC 280×Camborough, initial BW of 29.6±0.53 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments (Table 1) consisted with two NDF levels (13% or 20%) and two SID Lys curves (PIC2008 or PIC2016). There were 21 mixed-sex pigs per pen, and 24 pens per treatment. The experiment diets were fed in 3 phases. Wheat, wheat by-products, peas, and canola oil were used with NRC (2012) loading values to achieve treatments, and all diets were formulated to be iso-caloric (2,420 kcal NE/kg). Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Increasing NDF level resulted in a reduction (P< 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, hot carcass weight, carcass yield, carcass ADG, and backfat depth (Table 2), and tended to decrease percentage of removals and mortality (P=0.10). Pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve had greater ADG and carcass ADG as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve (P< 0.05). There were NDF×Lys interactions (P< 0.10) for ADG, gain to feed ratio (G:F), carcass ADG, and carcass G:F. These response criteria were improved for pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve when NDF level was 13%; while no evidence of differences was observed at 20% NDF. Results indicate that increasing NDF level from 13 to 20% deteriorate performance of 30- to 130- kg pigs; and the improved growth performance of pigs fed PIC2016 Lys curve as compared to those fed PIC2008 Lys curve was only observed when lower NDF level was presented.

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Short Communication: Effect of dietary lysine content and sanitation conditions on performance of weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diets

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2013-016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 115-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. K. Kahindi ◽

J. K. Htoo ◽

C. M. Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Short Communication ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Communication Effect ◽

Daily Gain

Kahindi, R. K., Htoo, J. K. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2014. Short Communication: Effect of dietary lysine content and sanitation conditions on performance of weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 115–118. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (7.2±0.50 kg body weight) were fed corn–wheat–soybean meal based-diets to determine dietary Lys requirement in a 2×4 factorial setting [two sanitation conditions (SC): clean and unclean, and four dietary lysine contents: 0.94, 1.09, 1.25 and 1.43%]. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) linearly increased (P<0.05) with dietary lysine contents, but were lower (P<0.0001) under unclean sanitation conditions from day 0 to 7 but not from day 8 to 21. Overall, dietary lysine contents did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI), but unclean sanitation conditions reduced (P<0.01) ADFI; however, ADG was increased by both dietary lysine contents and SC? (P<0.001), whereas only dietary lysine contents affected G:F.

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The effect of thickness of steam-rolled barley on its utilization by beef cattle

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas92-035 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 279-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

R. Hironaka ◽

K. A. Beauchemin ◽

T. J. Lysyk

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Key Words ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Daily Gain

All-concentrate diets consisting of thin-, medium- or coarse-rolled barley or whole barley were fed to 24 Hereford steers and 24 Hereford bulls. Digestibility trials and chewing studies were conducted on each of the diets. Cattle fed medium-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.62 kg d−1) than those fed thin-rolled (1.49 kg d−1) or whole barley (1.38 kg d−1), and cattle fed coarse-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.53 kg d−1) than those fed whole barley. The average daily gain was similar in cattle fed thin-rolled and whole barley. Feed intake was lower from week 2 to week 8 in cattle fed the thin- and medium-rolled barley diets than in those fed the coarse-rolled and whole-barley diets. Gain-to-feed ratio decreased as the thickness of the roll increased and was lowest in cattle fed whole barley. Energy, protein and starch digestibilities declined with thickness of roll and were lowest for the whole-barley diets. Ruminating time and the time ruminating per kilogram of feed increased as the thickness of the roll increased; rumination time was longest on the whole-barley diet. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, rolling, processing, rumination, digestibility

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THE PERFORMANCE AND THIAMIN STATUS OF PIGS FED SULFUR DIOXIDE TREATED HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas87-087 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 841-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. M. GIBSON ◽

J. J. KENNELLY ◽

F. X. AHERNE

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Dioxide ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

High Moisture ◽

Liquid Sulfur ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Diet Mixing ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

High-moisture barley (HMB) was ensiled or treated with 1% (wt/wt) liquid sulfur dioxide (SO2). Forty-five weanling pigs were allocated to five dietary treatments for 28 d. Diets consisted of: (1) dry barley, diet mixed every 28 d; (2) ensiled HMB, diet mixed daily; (3) SO2-treated HMB, diet mixed every 28 d; (4) SO2-treated HMB, diet mixed daily; (5) SO2-treated HMB, diet mixed daily and supplemented with thiamin. All diets contained 47% barley on a dry matter (DM) basis. Pigs fed diets 2 and 4 continued on test to 85 kg; diets formulated after 28 d contained 75% barley (DM basis). Feed intake, growth rate and feed:gain ratio were not influenced (P < 0.05) by treatment during the 28-d initial trial. For pigs fed SO2-treated HMB to 85 kg, feed intake and average daily gain were reduced by 9.8 and 9.0%, respectively. SO2 treatment effectively preserved high-moisture barley for 18 d at 16 °C; however, 61% of the dietary thiamin was destroyed by 7 d after diet mixing. Pigs fed diet 4 were thiamin depleted at slaughter; with a 38.5% higher erythrocyte thamin pyrophosphate effect, an 83% incidence of cardiac hypertrophy and thiamin levels in meat reduced to 7.6% of that present in the meat of pigs fed untreated HMB. Destruction of dietary thiamin appears to have been the primary factor responsible for reduced animal performance. Reduced ration palatability and toxicological effects on the digestive tract due to 75% SO2 treated grain in the diet (DM basis) may have also contributed to the reduced performance of growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Sulfur dioxide, preservative, barley, pigs, thiamin

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Effects of feeding 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid on Growing-FinishingPigs

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas92-046 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 389-394 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Humayoun Akhtar ◽

S. K. Ho ◽

K. E. Hartin ◽

J. R. Patterson ◽

C. D. C. Salisbury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Tract ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Dosage Level ◽

Intestinal Wall ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Intestinal Lesions ◽

Daily Gain

The effect of a dietary supplement of 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (3-nitro) on the performance, tissue arsenic residues and intestinal lesions was determined using a total of 60 crossbred growing-finishing pigs. None of the dietary levels (0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1) significantly (P > 0.05) increased weight gain or feed efficiency. There was a sex effect (barrows vs. gilts), independent of treatment, for average daily gain and average feed intake, but not for gain-to-feed ratio. Total arsenic residues increased with increasing dosage level and were highest in the liver, lower in kidneys and lowest in muscle. Arsenic residues in liver declined rapidly during the first 5 d of a 10-d withdrawal period. Feeding 3-nitro did not cause thinning of the intestinal wall, and there were no lesions in the intestinal tract sufficient to cause clinical signs. This study concludes that supplementation of 3-nitro in the diet does not have beneficial effects on performance. Key words: Pigs, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, arsenic residues

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268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 193-193

Author(s):

Eduardo Colombo ◽

Reinaldo F Cooke ◽

Alice Brandão ◽

Jacob Wiegand ◽

Kelsey Schubach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Feedlot Cattle ◽

Skin Area ◽

And Performance ◽

Antimicrobial Treatments ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P < 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

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THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas78-093 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 743-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. J. KENNELLY ◽

F. X. AHERNE ◽

A. J. LEWIS

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Gain Ratio ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

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