Egg production parameters of quails receiving dietary betaine supplementation with different floor space in a tropical environment

This study investigated the effect of dietary betaine supplementation and floor space on quail egg production parameters. With six replicates, four hundred fifty-six quails (21-day-old) were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was floor space of 225 cm2 (F1) and 164 cm2 (F2) by allocating 16 and 22 birds per cage (size: 3600 cm2). The second factor was dietary betaine supplementation at 0% (CON) and 0.15% (BET). Egg production was collected in 2 periods (2×28 days) starting from 43 days old. The age of the first production, 10%, 50%, and peak production, was also recorded. There is an interaction between dietary betaine supplementation and floor space on the age of productive parameters, where quails receiving betaine supplementation reached faster 50% production and peak production (p<0.05). Furthermore, the F1 group had a higher average egg production than F2 (p<0.05). BET group had a higher average egg production than CON (p<0.05). Thus, floor space 225 cm2 can be applied in the tropics provided the quails received dietary betaine supplementation.

Combined supplementation of betaine and vitamin C improves the performance of quails raised in the tropics with reduced floor space

This study investigated how combined betaine and vitamin C supplementation affects quails’ productive performance in reduced floor space. In total, 256 laying quails aged 23 weeks (154.6±5.0 g) were arranged in a completely randomized design of factorial 2×2 with four replicates. The birds were allocated to 16 cages with two floor spaces consisting of 250 cm2, 222 cm2. They were fed a diet without (Control) or with supplementation of 0.12% betaine in combination with 250 mg/kg vitamin C (BV). The collected data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued to Duncan’s test. Interactions occurred in egg production and egg mass. The lower floor space without BV supplementation decreased egg production, but lower floor space with BV supplementation enhanced egg production (p<0.05). Supplementing BV enhanced egg mass in each floor space (p<0.05). Reducing floor space did not influence feed intake (FI), egg weight (EW), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and energy efficiency ratio (EER). BV enhances FI, egg production (EP), EW, PER, and EER and reduces the feed conversion (FCR; p<0.01). Thus, combined supplementation of betaine and vitamin C improves quails’ performance in the tropics raised with reduced floor space.

A PRELIMINARY SURVEY STUDY ON THE RECEPTION OF INDOOR HYDROPONICS SYSTEM FOR LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLD IN SELANGOR

Indoor hydroponics system is gaining acceptance and traction in providing practical indoor farming capabilities for urban dwellers, including in low income housing estates. However, for the low income urban dwellers, the size of their residence might restrict the design of the indoor hydroponics system, especially in terms of available floor space. Furthermore, before one starts to develop an indoor hydroponics system, it is imperative to identify users’ preferences, in terms of the types of plants to grow, price, and design to enable the researchers to develop a better indoor hydroponics system. In this study, opinions from 53 participants on indoor hydroponics systems were obtained and analysed. Four aspects were analysed via the survey: (1) customer evaluations; (2) positive value; (3) costing; and (4) purchasing proclivity. The study shows that participants prefer to grow edible plants because of their benefits. Participants also prefer systems priced at below RM100 (60.40% of the respondent). Aloe Vera (56.6% preference) and Brazilian Spinach(49.1% preference) are two types of plants most preferred by the participants. As mentioned previously, the output of this survey will be used to guide the process of developing a suitable indoor hydroponics system for the low-income urban dwellers.

Spatiotemporal Changes in Vertical Heterogeneity: High-Rise Office Building Floor Space in Sydney, Australia

Mixed-use development is increasingly popular in land use planning and zoning, fostering a combination of residential, commercial, and cultural uses into one space. However, there is a lack of understanding of the vertical mix office space within a high-rise commercial building and the dynamics of the industry mix between buildings. This paper examines the spatiotemporal patterns of industry mix between and within office buildings in Sydney CBD from 2006 to 2017, using the data obtained from the City of Sydney floor space and employment surveys. This is the first study that identifies the dynamics of an industrial ecosystem in central Sydney, which has transformed to homophily land blocks, with increasing vertically heterogeneous office buildings, over the past decade. In addition, the study found that the significant clustering of anchor tenants, such as finances, hospitalities, and knowledge-based industries, are apparent.

Crowded Cities: New Methodology in COVID-19 Risk Assessment

In this paper, we provide a novel approach to distinguish livable urban densities from crowded cities and describe how this distinction has proved to be critical in predicting COVID-19 contagion hotspots in cities in low- and middle-income country. Urban population density—considered as the ratio of population to land area, without reference to floor space consumption or other measures of livability—can have large drawbacks. To address this drawback and distinguish between density and crowding, it is important to adjust for measures of floor space as well as open space and neighborhood amenities. We use a dataset on building heights, representative of cities worldwide, to measure densities based on floor area consumption per person as well as apply this measure to develop a COVID-19 hotspot predictive tool to help city leaders prioritize civic and medical resources during the pandemic. We conclude by outlining priority interventions that could enable city leaders and local governments to transform crowded cities into livable places.

284 Prop 12 and Its Implications for Future On-farm Animal Welfare in the United States

California’s Proposition 12, also known as the Farm Animal Confinement Initiative, will go into full effect starting in January 2022. This measure changes the minimum space requirement for egg-laying hens, calves raised for veal, and breeding sows within the state of California. These changes include housing that provides 1 to 1.5 square feet of floor space per hen within a cage-free system, 43 square feet of floor space per veal calf, and 24 square feet of floor space per sow. In addition, Proposition 12 would require producers to move the sows from gestation pens into farrowing crates for a maximum of 5 days before they are due to farrow. This measure also prohibits producers outside of California from importing their eggs, veal, or pork into the state unless they meet these minimum housing requirements. The goal of these requirements is to ensure that they animal can lie down, stand up, turn around, and fully extend their limbs without touching the sides of their stalls or another animal. While the intent of this new housing requirement may allow for a greater freedom of movement, animal welfare concerns are still prominent for group housing. For breeding sow, such concerns include injuries caused by social aggression, and, abnormal or harmful behaviors related to feed restriction. These welfare concerns can be addressed when considerations are given to the group composition (e.g., age and size of sows), pen mixing practices (e.g., pre or post breeding), feeding schedule [e.g., collective (trough, floor fed) or individual (electronic sow feeding, free access stalls)], and, pen structural quality (e.g., flooring, enrichment). Given that California represents approximately 15 percent of the American pork market, this measure will have considerable economic and ethical implications related to barn renovations, animal care staff training, and husbandry practices for the entire U.S. pork industry.

Bukaan Jendela untuk Pencahayaan Alami Bangunan RUTILAHU di Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung

AbstrakRumah Tidak Layak Huni di kawasan Ciwidey Kabupaten Bandung, telah memperoleh bantuan dana renovasi dari Pemerintah Daerah. Dana ini merupakan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu untuk merenovasi rumahnya. Perbaikan terutama pada konstruksi dan material bangunan agar bangunan dapat digunakan dengan aman dan nyaman. Focus lain dari renovasi adalah penerapan jendela untuk memasukkan sinar matahari dan udara secara optimal. Diperoleh kecenderungan masyarakat di kawasan ini menggunakan model jendela yang sama yaitu sempit dan vertikal yang sedang trend saat itu. Oleh karenanya bila dilihat dari berbagai arah terdapat kesamaan model jendela pada rumah-rumah tersebut. Penelitian ini menitik beratkan pada perhitungan luas bukaan jendela agar dapat memasukkan cahaya matahari sehingga ruang dalam mendapatkan pencahayaan yang cukup. Selain itu diharapkan pula udara dapat masuk ke dalam rumah sehingga rumah tidak pengap. Diharapkan penggunaan model jendela yang sempit dan vertikal dapat mencapai persyaratan minimal luas bukaan pada suatu fasad bangunan seperti yang disyaratkan bagi sebuah bangunan hunian. Selain itu lantai ruang juga menjadi patokan dalam perhitungan standard bukaan untuk menjadikan sebuah bangunan layak huni. Diharapkan bantuan yang diberikan Pemerintah Daerah dapat menjadikan setiap warga tinggal di rumah yang layak huni yang dapat memasukan sinar matahari dan udara untuk menciptakan rumah yang sehat.Kata kunci: luas bukaan jendela, kenyamanan dan kesehatan rumah, rumah tinggal layak huni, AbstractUnlivable house in the Ciwidey area, Bandung Regency, has received renovation funds from the Regional Government. This fund is an aid for people who cannot afford to renovate their house. Renovations, especially in construction and building materials, so that buildings can be used safely and comfortably. Another focus of the renovation was the application of windows to optimally input sunlight and air. It was found that the people in this area tend to use the same window model, namely narrow and vertical, which was the trend at that time. Therefore, when viewed from various directions there are similarities in the window models in these houses. This study focuses on the comprehensive calculation of the size of window in order to insert the sunlight so that the space in getting adequate lighting. Besides that, it is hoped that air can flow into the house so that the house is not stuffy. t is expected that the use of a narrow and vertical window model can achieve the minimum requirements for the opening area in a building facade as required for a residential building. n addition, the floor space is also a benchmark in calculating standard openings to make a building habitable. It is hoped that the financial assistance provided by the Regional Government can make every citizen live in a livable house that can bring in sunlight and air to create a healthy home.Key words: healthy and comfortable house, unlivable house, window opening area