scholarly journals Transcriptomic Responses Induced in Muscle and Adipose Tissues of Growing Pigs by Intravenous Infusion of Sodium Butyrate

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
He Zhang ◽  
Erdu Ren ◽  
Rongying Xu ◽  
Yong Su
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Growing Pigs

Butyrate has a central function in the regulation of energy metabolism as a metabolite of bacterial fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of intravenous sodium butyrate (SB) administration on the transcriptome of muscle and adipose tissue of pigs. Twelve crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were fitted with a medical polyethylene cannula via the internal jugular vein and were daily infused with 10 mL SB (200 mmol/L) or the same volume of physiological saline. Muscle transcriptome showed 11 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 28 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate catabolic process-related genes (PPP1R3B, PRPS2, ALDOC), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipolysis-related genes (PLIN1) were upregulated, while the carbohydrate biosynthetic process-related genes (PCK1) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Adipose transcriptome showed 12 DEGs related to carbohydrate metabolism, 27 DEGs related to lipid metabolism, and 10 DEGs related to amino acid metabolism. Among these, carbohydrate metabolism-related genes (IGF1, LEP, SLC2A4) and lipolysis-related genes (LPL) were upregulated, while lipolysis-related genes (ANGPTL4) and most amino acid metabolism-related genes were downregulated. The results suggest that short-term intravenous SB infusion could modulate the muscle and adipose tissue metabolism at the transcriptional level by decreasing amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, intravenous SB increased the glucose catabolism in muscle tissue and decreased the glucose utilization in adipose tissue. Intravenous SB increased the fatty acid synthesis, decreased the lipolysis in muscle tissue, and increased the lipolysis in adipose tissue. This suggests that systemic butyrate may display discriminative metabolic regulation in different tissues of barrows.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

scholarly journals Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janah ◽  
Kjeldsen ◽  
Galsgaard ◽  
Winther-Sørensen ◽  
Stojanovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Glucagon Receptor ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Hepatic Fat

Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypothesis. However, studying tissue-specific knockout of the glucagon receptor has revealed that the physiological role of glucagon may extend beyond blood-glucose regulation. Decades ago, animal and human studies reported an important role of glucagon in amino acid metabolism through ureagenesis. Using modern technologies such as metabolomic profiling, knowledge about the effects of glucagon on amino acid metabolism has been expanded and the mechanisms involved further delineated. Glucagon receptor antagonists have indirectly put focus on glucagon’s potential role in lipid metabolism, as individuals treated with these antagonists showed dyslipidemia and increased hepatic fat. One emerging field in glucagon biology now seems to include the concept of hepatic glucagon resistance. Here, we discuss the roles of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism and present speculations on the molecular pathways causing and associating with postulated hepatic glucagon resistance.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus frumenti mediates energy production via fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver of early-weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichang Wang ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Wenyong Zheng ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Xinkai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Weaned Piglets

Abstract Background Early-weaning of piglets is often accompanied by severe disorders, especially diarrhea. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play a critical role in the maintenance of the physiologic and metabolic homeostasis of the host. Our previous studies have demonstrated that oral administration of Lactobacillus frumenti improves epithelial barrier functions and confers diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets. However, the metabolic response to L. frumenti administration remains unclear. Then, we conducted simultaneous serum and hepatic metabolomic analyses in early-weaned piglets administered by L. frumenti or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Results A total of 100 6-day-old crossbred piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly divided into two groups and piglets received PBS (sterile, 2 mL) or L. frumenti (suspension in PBS, 108 CFU/mL, 2 mL) by oral administration once per day from 6 to 20 days of age. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age. Serum and liver samples for metabolomic analyses were collected at 26 days of age. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that L. frumenti altered metabolism in serum and liver. Numerous correlations (P < 0.05) were identified among the serum and liver metabolites that were affected by L. frumenti. Concentrations of guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP), and uric acid were higher in serum of L. frumenti administration piglets. Pathway analysis indicated that L. frumenti regulated fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in serum and liver. Concentrations of fatty acid β-oxidation related metabolites in serum (such as 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, C4-OH) and liver (such as acetylcarnitine) were increased after L. frumenti administration. Conclusions Our findings suggest that L. frumenti regulates lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the liver of early-weaned piglets, where it promotes fatty acid β-oxidation and energy production. High serum concentrations of nucleotide intermediates, which may be an alternative strategy to reduce the incidence of diarrhea in early-weaned piglets, were further detected. These findings broaden our understanding of the relationships between the gut microbiota and nutrient metabolism in the early-weaned piglets.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs and their regulatory networks in Chinese Gushi chicken abdominal adipose tissue during postnatal late development

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Yinli Zhao ◽  
Wenjiao Jin ◽  
Yuanfang Li ◽  
Yanhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Development

Abstract Background Abdominal fat is the major adipose tissue in chickens. The growth status of abdominal fat during postnatal late development ultimately affects meat yield and quality in chickens. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the biological processes involved in adipose tissue development. However, few studies have investigated miRNA expression profiles and their interaction networks associated with the postnatal late development of abdominal adipose tissue in chickens. Results We constructed four small RNA libraries from abdominal adipose tissue obtained from Chinese domestic Gushi chickens at 6, 14, 22, and 30 weeks. A total of 507 known miRNAs and 53 novel miRNAs were identified based on the four small RNA libraries. Fifty-one significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs were identified from six combinations by comparative analysis, and the expression patterns of these SDE miRNAs were divided into six subclusters by cluster analysis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the SDE miRNAs were primarily involved in the regulation of fat cell differentiation, regulation of lipid metabolism, regulation of fatty acid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the lipid metabolism- or deposition-related biological process categories. In addition, we constructed differentially expressed miRNA–mRNA interaction networks related to abdominal adipose development. The results showed that miRNA families, such as mir-30, mir-34, mir-199, mir-8, and mir-146, may have key roles in lipid metabolism, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and cell junctions during abdominal adipose tissue development in chickens. Conclusions This study determined the dynamic miRNA transcriptome and characterized the miRNA–mRNA interaction networks in Gushi chicken abdominal adipose tissue for the first time. The results expanded the number of known miRNAs in abdominal adipose tissue and provide novel insights and a valuable resource to elucidate post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during postnatal late development of abdominal adipose tissue in chicken.

scholarly journals Impaired amino acid metabolism contributes to fasting-induced hypoglycemia in fatty acid oxidation defects

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (25) ◽  
pp. 5249-5261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander M. Houten ◽  
Hilde Herrema ◽  
Heleen te Brinke ◽  
Simone Denis ◽  
Jos P.N. Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Oxidation

Regional muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism in lean and obese women

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. E931-E936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Patterson ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Guoyao Wu ◽  
Malcolm Watford ◽  
Simon W. Coppack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Isotope Tracer

The effect of obesity on regional skeletal muscle and adipose tissue amino acid metabolism is not known. We evaluated systemic and regional (forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue) amino acid metabolism, by use of a combination of stable isotope tracer and arteriovenous balance methods, in five lean women [body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2] and five women with abdominal obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2; waist circumference >100 cm) who were matched on fat-free mass (FFM). All subjects were studied at 22 h of fasting to ensure that the subjects were in net protein breakdown during this early phase of starvation. Leucine rate of appearance in plasma (an index of whole body proteolysis), expressed per unit of FFM, was not significantly different between lean and obese groups (2.05 ± 0.18 and 2.34 ± 0.04 μmol · kg FFM−1 · min−1, respectively). However, the rate of leucine release from forearm and adipose tissues in obese women (24.0 ± 4.8 and 16.6 ± 6.5 nmol · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively) was lower than in lean women (66.8 ± 10.6 and 38.6 ± 7.0 nmol · 100 g−1 · min−1, respectively; P < 0.05). Approximately 5–10% of total whole body leucine release into plasma was derived from adipose tissue in lean and obese women. The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of release of amino acids per unit of forearm and adipose tissue at 22 h of fasting is lower in women with abdominal obesity than in lean women, which may help obese women decrease body protein losses during fasting. In addition, adipose tissue is a quantitatively important site for proteolysis in both lean and obese subjects.

scholarly journals Rates of protein synthesis in skin and bone, and their importance in the assessment of protein degradation in the perfused rat hemicorpus

1981 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
V R Preedy ◽  
P J Garlick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein Degradation

The perfused rat hemicorpus preparation, which has frequently been used to study muscle metabolism, contains 39% by weight of non-muscle tissue such as skin and bone. Both the concentration of RNA and the incorporation of [U-14C]tyrosine into protein indicate that the non-muscle components are more active in protein synthesis than is muscle. These observations have important implications for studies of amino acid metabolism, and in particular for the measurement of muscle protein degradation in the hemicorpus.

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