scholarly journals Responses of pregnant ewes and young lambs to ovalbumin immunization, antiovalbumin antibody transfer to lambs, and temporal changes in antiovalbumin antibody1,2

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
G. S. Lewis ◽  
S. Wang ◽  
J. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Injection Type ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Original Type

Abstract Factors affecting the decay of maternally derived IgG and ability of neonatal lambs to produce protective amounts of their own IgG are not well understood. Thus, we conducted 3 experiments to quantify the 1) response of pregnant ewes to ovalbumin immunization, 2) antiovalbumin antibody (OV-IgG) transfer to lambs, 3) changes over time in OV-IgG in lambs, and 4) response of young lambs to ovalbumin immunization. In Exp. 1, ewes (n = 10/group) either received control (adjuvant + saline) or ovalbumin (ovalbumin + adjuvant + saline) injections at ≈ 42 and 14 d prepartum. Ovalbumin increased (P < 0.001) ewe serum and colostrum OV-IgG. Serum OV-IgG was greater (P < 0.0001) in lambs from ovalbumin-treated than in lambs from control ewes. In Exp. 2, lambs (n = 20/group), which were from ewes that had received ovalbumin prepartum, were given either control or ovalbumin injections on d 1 and 15 of age. From d 1 to 15, maternally derived OV-IgG was less (P < 0.04) in ovalbumin-treated than in control lambs. After d 15, OV-IgG was greater (P < 0.001) in ovalbumin-treated than in control lambs. In Exp. 3, lambs (n = 20/group), which were from ewes naïve to ovalbumin, received 1 of 4 treatments: 1) d-1 + d-15 control injections; 2) d-1 + d-15 ovalbumin; 3) d-28 + d-42 control; and 4) d-28 + d-42 ovalbumin. In d-1 + d-15 ovalbumin lambs, OV-IgG increased (P < 0.001) from d 7 to 21 after treatment and then decreased (P < 0.004) after d 28. In d-28 + d-42 ovalbumin lambs, OV-IgG increased (P < 0.001) steadily until d 21 after treatment and then stabilized after d 21. At ≈ 159 d of age, lambs in each group received injections consistent with their original type. After the d-159 treatment, ovalbumin injection increased (P < 0.0001) OV-IgG, and the injection type × time interaction was significant (P < 0.0001). In d-28 + d-42 ovalbumin lambs, OV-IgG just before the d-159 injections was greater (P < 0.006) than that in the other groups. In this study, late pregnant ewes produced OV-IgG after ovalbumin injections and then transferred OV-IgG to lambs via colostrum. Ovalbumin treatment of young lambs reduced circulating maternally derived OV-IgG, but it also induced an immune response in the lambs. Overall, our results support recommendations to vaccinate ewes against common pathogens during late pregnancy and to ensure that lambs receive adequate colostrum soon after birth.

scholarly journals Anti-Memorials and the Art of Forgetting: Critical Reflections on a Memorial Design Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
SueAnne Ware
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heroin Overdose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Andreas Huyssen writes, ‘Remembrance as a vital human activity shapes our links to the past, and the ways we remember define us in the present. As individuals and societies, we need the past to construct and to anchor our identities and to nurture a vision of the future.’ Memory is continually affected by a complex spectrum of states such as forgetting, denial, repression, trauma, recounting and reconsidering, stimulated by equally complex changes in context and changes over time. The apprehension and reflective comprehension of landscape is similarly beset by such complexities. Just as the nature and qualities of memory comprise inherently fading, shifting and fleeting impressions of things which are themselves ever-changing, an understanding of a landscape, as well as the landscape itself, is a constantly evolving, emerging response to both immense and intimate influences. There is an incongruity between the inherent changeability of both landscapes and memories, and the conventional, formal strategies of commemoration that typify the constructed landscape memorial. The design work presented in this paper brings together such explorations of memory and landscape by examining the ‘memorial’. This article examines two projects. One concerns the fate of illegal refugees travelling to Australia: The SIEVX Memorial Project. The other, An Anti-Memorial to Heroin Overdose Victims, was designed by the author as part of the 2001 Melbourne Festival.

Monuments of the Hittite and Neo-Assyrian Empires During the Late Bronze and Iron Ages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Signaling Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Costly Signaling ◽  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Costly Signaling Theory ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 5 engages with the Hittite and Assyrian monuments that are some of our oldest as well as most spectacular evidence for communications. For his discussion, Osborne exploits two interpretative concepts, one that he terms “relationality,” and the other, known as “costly signaling theory,” imported from recent work in evolutionary anthropology. Relationality calls for reckoning with changes over time in how a monument communicates messages and how it is perceived; costly signaling theory serves to explain why some monuments communicate more effectively if they are large and expensive. Both concepts assist in analyzing the ideological content of the monumental royal sculptures that form Osborne’s focus.

scholarly journals THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIA'S EXPORT TO UNITED STATES, 1986-2003: A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ahmad Helmy Fuady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The objective of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports to the United States (US) market, compared to other Asian economies, namely Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Republic of Korea and India, over the period of 1986-2003. A shift-share method is applied to single digit SITC US imports data from those countries. It found that the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports changes over time. The Indonesia's exports reached its best performance in the period 1992-1997. However, after the 1997 economic crisis, Indonesia faces a serious problem, since none of its export has competitiveness in the US market, compared to the reference economy. The analysis also shows that China has consistently posed a serious pressure not only for Indonesia, but also for the other Asian economies.

scholarly journals Changes over Time in Intracranial Air in Patients with Cerebral Air Embolism: Radiological Study in Two Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Kaichi ◽  
Shingo Kakeda ◽  
Yukunori Korogi ◽  
Tomohisa Nezu ◽  
Shiro Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Embolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Cerebral Infarcts ◽  
Cerebral Air Embolism ◽  
Radiological Study ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Cerebral air embolism can be easily identified on computed tomography (CT) scans. However, changes in the distribution and amount of intracranial air are not well known. We report two patients with cerebral air embolism and present imaging findings on the serial changes in the intracranial air. We thought that the embolic source was venous in one patient because CT showed air inflow in cortical veins in the bilateral frontal areas, reflecting air buoyancy. In the other patient, CT showed air inflow into not only the cortical veins but also the bilateral cerebral hemispheres and we thought this to be a paradoxical cerebral air embolism. We found that intracranial air can be promptly absorbed and while cerebral infarcts due to air are clearly visualized on diffusion-weighted images (DWI), the air may rapidly disappear from images. In patients with suspected cerebral air embolism whose CT findings show no intracranial air, DWI should be performed because it may reveal cerebral infarction due to cerebral air embolism.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Yoram Gorlizki ◽  
Oleg Khlevniuk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Joseph Stalin ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

This chapter suggests how a public discursive framework can help provide a benchmark for comparing the Soviet Union with other regimes, including that of contemporary post-communist Russia. It summarizes how substate leaders and their strategies can shed light on dictatorship and on how it changes over time. It also explains that the Soviet case falls into two broad categories, one empirical and historical, the other comparative and theoretical. The chapter draws attention to a parallel act of delegation at the regional level. It also recounts how Joseph Stalin handed over power on a provisional basis to regional leaders due to his inability to penetrate the inner recesses of local administration.

Seasonal Changes in Germination Responses of Seeds of the Winter Annual Weed Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris minor) to Light

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ohadi ◽  
Hamid R. Mashhadi ◽  
Reza Tavakol-Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Effect Of Light

Photocontrol of weeds requires knowledge about the response of weeds to light and its changes over time. Thus, littleseed canarygrass germination, as an important weed in winter crops, in response to the light environment was evaluated in seeds retrieved from different burial (10, 20, and 40 cm, under irrigated or nonirrigated conditions) or storage (room temperature 25 C and cold 3 C) conditions for 1 yr. Seeds buried in the soil showed a cyclical germination behavior when tested at 20 C, with high germination percentages (68%) occurring in August, October, and December and low percentages (12%) in February and April, with another late germination in June. Germination percentages were mostly higher for seeds incubated in light than in darkness and seeds were more likely to positively respond to light in June than at the other retrieval dates, with differences as great as 60% having been observed under irrigated conditions and at depths of 20 and 40 cm. The most outstanding effect of light as a germination stimulus was observed for seeds stored at room temperature where germination in light was always 20 to 35% higher than that in darkness. The viability of seeds did not change over time in seeds kept at room or cold temperature. However, the proportion of surviving seeds was reduced by 35 to 65% when buried in the soil. Littleseed canarygrass seeds tended to survive more when buried 40 cm deep and the differences between irrigated and nonirrigated conditions were only detectable at 10 cm deep, with higher seed mortalities under irrigated conditions. Information gained in this study would be useful in developing weed control programs for this species.

About diet therapy of rickets and accompanying anemia

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
M. Akchurina ◽  
E. Krever ◽  
G. Tyamina ◽  
G. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Diet Therapy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Dietary prescriptions have long occupied a prominent place in the treatment of rickets, undergoing changes over time depending on changes in views on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. As early as 250 years ago in Glissons, and later in Czerny and Kellera et al. It is noted that overfeeding, both naturally and artificially fed children leads to the development of the disease; on the other hand, malnourished children (due to malnutrition or illness) almost never suffer from rickets.

Economic History: One Field or Two?

1960 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter Goodrich
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Work ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Is Economic History one subject or two? The question has been posed twice during the present century, each time by the growth of a vigorous body of research concerned with economic changes over time but developed largely in isolation from conventional economic history. In each case the new work was quantitative in method, and the result was the phenomenon of two separate bodies of scholarship—the one written in prose and calling itself economic history, the other written mainly in figures and calling itself by another name.

scholarly journals Changes in the synthetic index of sustainable forest management at the level of regional directorates of the State Forests in 1993–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kożuch ◽  
Jan Banaś ◽  
Stanisław Zięba ◽  
Leszek Bujoczek
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Abstract The aim of our work was to assess the direction of change taking place in the forests of the regional directorates of State Forests (rdSF) based on measurable indicators used to assess sustainable development. Based on a synthetic index (Z), changes in the years 1993−2013 were evaluated for individual directorates. We identified the regions with the highest and lowest rates of change in terms of sustainable development dynamics. The analysis was performed using spatiotemporal variables and the main criterion for selecting the diagnostic variables was their availability and comparability over the analysed period. The rdSF variation was assessed with the synthetic index (Z), using the method of zero unitarisation. In 1993−2013, favourable changes over time were indeed recorded, reflecting the progress in implementing practices supporting sustainable development in forestry. However, large differences exist between the regional managements in this respect. For the analysed period, the most favourable conditions from the perspective of sustainable forest management were maintained in rdSF Kraków, rdSF Białystok and rdSF Toruń, while the least desirable conditions were found in rdSF Zielona Góra, rdSF Piła and rdSF Warsaw. The greatest rates of beneficial change, on the other hand, were found in rdSF Szczecin, rdSF Kraków and rdSF Wrocław. In turn, the lowest rates of change of the synthetic index (Z) were observed in the directorates of Katowice, Piła and Łódź. In summary, measurable indicators of sustainable development are a good instrument for measuring the pace of change in sustainable forestry. They are an effective tool for assessing and reporting progress over time and should also be used when planning and implementing development strategies.

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