scholarly journals Materials and technologies providing radical improvement of RW storage facility waterproofing capacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilyina ◽  
◽  
D. S. Lundin ◽  
D. V. Proskurin ◽  
M. V. Vedernikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Safety Barriers

The article explores the application of modern clay mineral-based materials and technologies for the development and restoration of engineered safety barriers at the facilities holding non-retrievable radioactive waste during their upgrading to a long-term safe storage configuration (term referred to as conservation in Russian literature) and to disposal facilities. It presents the fields of application, available experience of such applications and the main characteristics allowing to expand the practice of their application at nuclear facilities.

Conditioning of Plutonium Waste for Long-Term Interim Storage

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-W. Ledebrink ◽  
P. Faber
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Mox Fuel ◽  
Fuel Fabrication ◽  
Interim Storage ◽  
Waste Drums ◽  
Storage Facilities

Abstract In the period since Germany’s experimental final repository ASSE was closed in 1978, around 5000 drums of conditioned plutonium-bearing radioactive waste from mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication have accumulated in the interim storage facilities of Siemens AG’s MOX fuel fabrication plant in Hanau, Germany — formerly ALKEM GmbH, now Siemens Decommissioning Projects (Siemens DP). Another 5000 drums will arise in the course of decommissioning and dismantling the MOX plant which has now been underway for some months. Hopes that a final waste repository would soon be able to go into operation in Germany have remained unfulfilled over the last 20 years. Also, the agreements reached between Germany’s electric utilities and the Federal Government regarding the future of nuclear energy have not led to any further progress in connection with the issue of radwaste disposal. A concrete date for a final repository to start operation has still not been set. The German Federal Government estimates that a geologic repository will not be needed for at least another 30 years. Since the opening of a final storage facility is not foreseeable in the near term, Siemens is taking the necessary steps to enable radwaste to be safely stored in aboveground interim storage facilities for a prolonged period of time. Conditioning of radwaste from MOX fuel fabrication by cementing it in drums was started in 1984 in the belief — which was justified at that time — that final storage at the Konrad mine would be possible as of 1995. The quality requirements specified for the waste drums were therefore based on the Konrad acceptance criteria. The operating license for the storage facilities at Hanau at which these drums are presently in interim storage is limited to 20 years and will be expiring in 2004. The drums have not suffered any corrosion to date and, according to past experience, are not expected to do so in the future. However, permission to keep the drums in interim storage for a longer period of time in their current form would be extremely difficult to obtain as their corrosion resistance would have to be demonstrated for a further 30 years. The present goal is therefore to create a waste form suitable for interim storage which needs no maintenance over a long-term period, incorporates state-of-the-art technology and will probably not require any further treatment of the waste packages prior to emplacement in a final storage facility. At the same time, the highest possible degree of safety must be assured for the time during which the waste remains in interim storage. This goal can be attained by conditioning the drums such that they satisfy the requirements currently specified for final storage at the Konrad repository (1). In practice, this means immobilizing the cemented waste drums in concrete inside steel “Konrad Containers” (KCs). The KCs themselves and the concrete backfill represent two further barriers which not only serve as radiation shielding but also protect the drums against corrosion as well as any possible release of radioactive materials in the event of accidents occurring during interim storage. As the KCs are cuboid in shape, they can be stacked in space-saving configurations and are thus particularly suitable for interim storage. Also, due to their extremely heavy weight, theft of the waste packages can be practically ruled out. Despite the fact that the agreements with the German Federal Government have failed to bring opening of the Konrad repository within reach, it is nevertheless a good idea today to condition radwaste in a manner that renders it suitable for ultimate storage there. The agreements between the Government and the utilities are expected at least to result in a land use permit being issued for the Konrad mine before the end of 2001. At present there are no facts known that could cause the safety of this facility to be questioned. Only recently, Germany’s International Nuclear Technology Commission (ILK) confirmed Konrad’s suitability and demanded that it be placed in operation without further delay (2). Even if its operation should, in fact, be blocked by political lobbies, potential legal action or economic considerations, the alternative repository at Gorleben could possibly become operable in approximately 30 years’ time. Gorleben was planned right from the start to be able to accommodate waste packages based on the Konrad acceptance criteria. This means that any waste packages designed for storage at Konrad could likewise be handled and stored at Gorleben. The processes used by Siemens for conditioning of radwaste conform to the recommendations of the “Guidelines for the Control of radioactive Waste with negligible Heat Generation” issued by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) in 1989 (3).

scholarly journals Radioactive waste management in Austria

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Josef Neubauer
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Nuclear Engineering ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Radioactivity Level ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

At the Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf, there are several facilities in stalled for treatment of waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level (radwaste). A separate company within Centers, Nuclear Engineering Seibersdorf, has been formed recently, acting as a centralized facility for treatment, conditioning and storing of such waste within the country. The relevant treatment technology is applied depending on the waste category. In total about 6900 m3 of solid waste of low and intermediate radioactivity level originating from Austria was treated in the period between 1976 and 2002. Presently, there exists no final repository for radwaste in Austria. A study is under way to identify the structure for a long term storage facility.

Long-Term Storage and Radioactive Waste Retrieval from Historical Radon-Type Storage Facility

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Alexander Smetnik
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Term Storage

ABSTRACTWithin the framework of the IAEA project “CRAFT” (2011-2014), specialists of JSC “VO “Safety” participated in working group “Safety assessment of the Radon-type facilities”. The IAEA GSG-3 methodology was used in order to address the issue of safety assessment of radioactive waste removal from historical near-surface storage facility of the Radon type. SAFRAN tool (Sweden) was used for safety assessment of a historical Radon type storage facility. Practical experience of SAFRAN application has shown that it can play a significant role in managing records and knowledge on radioactive waste, nuclear facility site, characteristics of geological environment and safety barriers. It can provide reliable long-term storage and effective management of safety related records for the purposes of safety reassessments, review and supervision.

STATE-OF-ART IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF CLAY MATERIALS AS ENGINEERED SAFETY BARRIERS AT RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONSERVATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Krupskaya ◽  
S. E. Vinokurov ◽  
S. N. Kalmykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Safety Barriers ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
State Of Art

«Благочестивые путешествия» в Иерусалим: российские паломники-писатели XVIII столетия

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Kirillina
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Ottoman History ◽  
Holy Places

Abstract The culmination of long-term development of the traditional pilgrimage genre in Russian literature falls on the eighteenth century. Reports of Russian pilgrims to the Christian Holy Places of the Middle East produced during this period, not only precede the nineteenth century the Golden age of travel literature in Russia, but also retain their great historical and cultural significance and still remain a subject of research for scholars dwelling on the Arab-Ottoman history. The authors attention is focused on 12 pilgrims accounts written by Ivan Lukjanov (dates of travel: 17011703), Makariy and Seliverst (17041707), Andrey Ignatiev (17071708), Ippolit Vishenskiy (17071709), Varlaam (17121714), Matvey Nechaev (17211722), Sylvester and Nicodim (1722), Vasiliy Grigorowich-Barskiy (17231747), Serapion (17491751), Ignatiy Denshin (17661776), Leontiy (17631765) and Meletiy (17931794). The research focus of the article is on the personalities of the pilgrimagewriters, their biographical data and social background as well as the fates of their writings after their completion. Some of the pilgrims accounts received due credit long after they had been produced, others gained great popularity at the time of writing and some of them were almost forgotten and mostly neglected by scholars of the following generations. The article also deals with the religious affiliation of the pilgrimage-writers, which predetermined their perception of the Arab-Ottoman world through the prism of Russian Orthodoxy and the values preached by this particular brand of Christianity.Аннотация В XVIII в. традиционный паломнический жанр в русской словесности достиг подлинного расцвета и подошел к своему логическому завершению. Паломнические описания Святой Земли, составленные в XVIII в., не только предваряют XIX столетие золотой век путешествий в русской литературе, но и сохраняют свою самостоятельную историко-культурную значимость, а их содержательная сторона продолжает оставаться объектом исследований ученых, в том числе арабистов и османистов. Внимание автора сосредоточено на 12 паломнических описаниях, авторство которых принадлежит Ивану Лукьянову (даты путешествия: 17011703 гг.), Макарию и Селиверсту (17041707 гг.), Андрею Игнатьеву (17071708 гг.), Ипполиту Вишенскому (17071709 гг.), Варлааму (17121714 гг.), Матвею Нечаеву (17211722 гг.), Сильвестру и Никодиму (1722 г.), Василию Григоровичу-Барскому (17231747 гг.), Серапиону (17491751 гг.), Игнатию Деншину (17661776 гг.), Леонтию (17631765 гг.) и Мелетию (17931794 гг.). В исследовательском фокусе статьи находятся личности паломников и дошедшие до нас сведения об их биографиях, их социальное происхождение, а также последующая судьба их произведений. Одни письменные свидетельства богомольцев о хождениях к святым местам Ближнего Востока завоевали признание современников, другие были по достоинству оценены значительно позднее, а некоторые практически выпали из поля зрения последующих поколений исследователей. В статье также отдельно рассмотрена конфессиональная принадлежность паломников-писателей, которая предопределила их восприятие арабо-османского мира сквозь призму Русского Православия.

An Assessment of the Long-Term Durability of Concrete in Radioactive Waste Repositories

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Atkinson ◽  
D. J. Goult ◽  
J. A. Hearne
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
Waste Repositories ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

AbstractA preliminary assessment of the long-term durability of concrete in a repository sited in clay is presented. The assessment is based on recorded experience of concrete structures and both field and laboratory studies. It is also supported by results of the examination of a concrete sample which had been buried in clay for 43 years.The enoineering lifetime of a 1 m thick reinforced concrete slab, with one face in contact with clay, and the way in which pH in the repository as a whole is likely to vary with time have both been estimated from available data. The estimates indicate that engineering lifetimes of about 103 years are expected (providing that sulphate resisting cement is used) and that pH is likely to remain above 10.5 for about 106 years.

An Overview of the Draft of ‘Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act’

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Lin ◽  
Tai-Wei Lan ◽  
Min-Tsang Chang ◽  
Wuu-Kune Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Impact

The “Nuclear Materials and Radioactive Waste Management Act” (NMRWMA) in Taiwan has been in use since 2002. To promote further administrative efficiency and improve regulatory capacity, an amendment of the act has been initiated by the Atomic Energy Council (AEC). It is now being reviewed by outside experts and related communities so as to include the best understanding of risk management factors. For the future decommissioning challenges of nuclear facilities, the act is also being amended to comply with the regulatory requirements of the decommissioning mandates. Currently the Taiwan government is conducting government reorganization, and AEC will be reformed but will remain as an independent regulatory body. AEC will then be capable of improving the regulatory capacity for facilitating licensing and inspection, ensuring operational safety, environmental protection and public involvement, and giving a more flexible administrative discretion, such as expending the margin of penalty. The amendment is also required to provide a formal legal basis for the Nuclear Backend Fund, and to mandate the waste producers to take responsibility for any final debt repayment. In addition, this amendment promotes measures to prevent accidents or emergencies concerning radioactive materials and facilities and procedures to reduce the impact and effect of any unexpected events. Furthermore, this amendment intends to implement the concept of information transparency and public participation so as to meet the public needs. Finally, radioactive waste final disposal tasks have to be completed by waste producers under the supervision of the AEC.

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