scholarly journals A 16th CENTURY TRADING BOOK AS A SOURCE OF MINERALOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-326
Author(s):  
А. В. Окулов
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Home Remedies ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Separate Source ◽  
Precious Stones

Торговая книга XVI в. рассмотрена в качестве самостоятельного источника с целью изучения характера минералогических познаний, существовавших у наших предков в XVI-XVII вв. Выполнено сопоставление камней, упоминаемых в книге, с реальными минералами, в т. ч. на основе анализа упоминаемых минералогических характеристик. Отмечено, что в памятнике описываются, прежде всего, реальные минералогические свойства, в отличие от современных ему «лечебников» и «травников», а также памятников официальной и отреченной книжности. В качестве основного приема для отличия наиболее дорогих камней от менее ценных использовалось такое свойство как твердость. Это свойство минералов и сейчас широко применяется для их диагностики на основе 10-балльной шкалы твердости Мооса. Автор Торговой книги предлагает использовать для определения наиболее дорогих минералов своеобразные «эталоны» - обломки достоверных драгоценных камней (яхонт, лал, изумруд). Весьма важно упоминание наждака как материала для обработки ювелирных камней. В совокупности с находками необработанных ювелирных камней в слоях XVI-XVII вв. это подтверждает наличие собственных мастерских по их обработке. A trading book of the 16th century was analyzed as a separate source with a view of exploring the nature of mineralogical knowledge that our ancestors living in the 16th-17th centuries had. The analysis included comparison of the stones mentioned in the book with genuine minerals including review of the listed mineralogical characteristics. The paper notes that the book describes primarily true mineralogical properties in contrast to books of home remedies and books of herbal cures as well as books of official and prohibited booklore. The main method to distinguish between the most precious stones and less valuable ones is based on analysis of stone hardness. This mineral property is still widely used for their diagnostics based on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, with scale number from 1 to 10. The author of the trading book suggests to use special “standards” for determining the most precious minerals such as fragments of true gemstones (jachont, lal, and emerald). It is rather important that he mentions emery as material for processing precious stones. Along with the finds of unprocessed gemstones in the layers of the 16th<-17th centuries it is an evidence of existence of jewelry workshops.

The place of the plant world in the worldview system of transoxiana sufism in 16th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
Lutfullo Eshonovich Ismoilov ◽  
Ramil Tagirovich Yuzmukhametov ◽  
Markhabo Tukhtasunovna Rajabova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Lives Of The Saints

The article considers the topic of the Plant World in the Sufi writings of the 16th century Transoxiana, based on the material of manakibs, i. e. the so-called Lives of the Saints. The significance and relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the issues of semantic interpretation of the concept of plant and plant world in Sufi writings. Hence, the purpose of this article is to disclose the diverse meanings of the concept of the “World of Plants” contained in the 16th-century Transoxiana manakibs of such authors as Abdurakhman Jami, Abu-l Baka b. Khodzha Bakha-ud-din, Khusein Serakhsi. The main method in the study of this issue is the historical and comparative method, and the method of literary analysis, which allows you to create a holistic understanding of the symbolism of the Plant World in Sufi writings of Transoxiana of the 16th century.      

Halloysite Formation Through In Situ Weathering of Volcanic Glass from Trachytic Pumices, Vico's Volcano, Italy

Clay Minerals ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Quantin ◽  
J. Gautheyrou ◽  
P. Lorenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Tetrahedral Substitution ◽  
In Situ Weathering

AbstractThe weathering of a trachytic pumice within a pyroclastic flow underlying an andic-brown soil on the volcano Vico has been studied. The main mineral formed is a spherical 10 Å halloysite which has been shown by SEM and in situ microprobe analysis to have formed directly from the glass. The major mineralogical characteristics as determined by XRD, IR, DTA, TEM and microdiffraction are typical of 10 Å halloysite. However, some minor mineralogical properties and the high Fe and K contents, suggest that it is an interstratification of 74% halloysite and 26% illite-smectite. The calculated formula of the hypothetical 2:1 minerals reveals an Fe- and K-rich clay, with high tetrahedral substitution, like an Fe-rich vermiculite, but the detailed structure of this mineral remains uncertain.

scholarly journals The concept of travel in the late medieval transoxiana sufism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Lotfullo Eshonovich Ismoilov ◽  
Alfiya Marselevna Khabibullina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Lives Of Saints

The article is devoted to the topic of the concept of safar (“travel”) in the Sufi sources of Transoxiana of the 16th century, on the example of manakibs, or the Lives of Saints. The importance of research on this topic lies in determining the place of traveling in religious traditions of Sufism. In addition, the relevance of the topic is due to insufficient study of the issues of semantic interpretation of the concept safar (“travel”) in Sufi writings. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to disclose the various meanings of the concept of traveling, contained in Sufi writings. The main method in the study of this issue is the historical and comparative method, and the method of literary analysis, which allow creating a holistic view of the traveling-related themes in the Sufi writings of Transoxiana of the 16th century.    

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

Home Remedies for the Common Cough

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
LEE SAVIO BEERS
Keyword(s):  
Home Remedies ◽  
The Common

How to Identify Precious Stones

1899 ◽  
Vol 47 (1204supp) ◽  
pp. 19297-19298
Author(s):  
Leopold Claremont
Keyword(s):  
Precious Stones

How to Measure and Control Corruption

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Satarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Knowledge ◽  
External Control ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Business Corruption ◽  
And Control

Two aspects of the problem of corruption are discussed in the article. The first one concerns the evaluation of the level of corruption. The method of measuring the size of business corruption market is described. The specifics of its estimation as well as its relation with the main macroeconomic indexes are discussed. The second aspect regards the strategies of corruption reduction. The importance of establishing external control over the bureaucracy is noted. The failure of institutions transplantation as the main method of economic transformations is pointed out. The gaps in social knowledge are discussed, which decrease effectiveness of institutional borrowings.

Zones of major ethical tension for the students’ dealing with information: The case analysis based on the «academic fraud triangle» AT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremenko ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Fulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
State University ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Academic Fraud ◽  
Ethical Tension

The findings of the study revealed the heightened tension zones for the students’ dealing with information based on checking graduation theses texts for matching content at Ryazan S. Yesenin State University. The case analysis was applied as the main method of investigation. Generalized data, obtained as the result of four cases analysis, demonstrate that the highest tension is observed in the area of the academic ethos values like honesty, respect and responsibility.

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