Issues and prospects of alfalfa cultivation in the Far East

Author(s):  
Е.П. Иванова

Многолетними исследованиями с люцерной (1997–2020 годы) показано, что в перспективе эта культура может занять достойное место среди кормовых культур, возделываемых в хозяйствах Дальнего Востока. В связи с приоритетным развитием животноводства актуально внедрение люцерны в научно обоснованные кормовые севообороты, что стабилизирует посевные площади кормовых культур, покроет дефицит белка, снизит себестоимость животноводческой продукции. Люцерна — универсальная культура, имеющая огромное значение в системе устойчивого сельского хозяйства, в решении проблемы производства энергонасыщенных высокобелковых кормов и восстановления почвенного плодородия Дальневосточного региона. Агромелиоративная роль люцерны заключается в обогащении почвы питательными веществами, увеличении количества ценных водопрочных агрегатов, увеличении коэффициента структурности почвы. Это обеспечивается хорошо развитой подземной массой, способствующей снижению водной и ветровой эрозии. Для обеспечения высокой продуктивности люцерны в условиях Приморского края наряду с агроприёмами большое значение имеют правильно подобранные участки и организованная система использования травостоев в строгом соответствии с биологией культуры. Современные сорта люцерны более продуктивны, зимостойки, менее требовательны к термическим и эдафическим факторам окружающей среды, устойчивы к повышенной кислотности почвы, т.е. вполне реально подобрать сорта люцерны для почвенно-климатических условий Дальневосточного региона. При соблюдении технологических приёмов возделывания, таких как известкование, внесение минеральных и органических удобрений (птичьего помёта), инокуляция семян перед посевом, подбор травосмесей, оптимальный способ и срок посева и т.д., можно создать высокопродуктивный травостой длительного пользования, обеспечивающий сельскохозяйственных животных сбалансированными кормами отличного качества. Long-term experiments on alfalfa (1997–2020) have shown that it is a promising crop for the farms of the Far East. Due to the active development of animal husbandry, it is important to introduce alfalfa into optimized feed crop rotations. This will stabilize the stands of feed crops, cover the protein deficit, and reduce the cost of livestock products. Alfalfa is a universal crop for sustainable agriculture, producing energy-rich high-protein feed and restoring soil fertility in the Far East. Alfalfa is a meliorative crop: it enriches the soil with nutrients, increases the number of valuable water-resistant aggregates and the coefficient of soil structure. This is obtained by a well-developed underground mass, which helps to reduce water and wind erosion. To obtain high productivity of alfalfa in the Primorsk Territory, besides cultural practices, effective field and sward usage is of great importance. Modern alfalfa varieties are more productive and resistant to frost, soil stresses and increased soil acidity, i.e. it is possible to choose alfalfa varieties for the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East. Developing a long-term highly productive swards, providing farm animals with balanced feed of excellent quality, is directly dependent on cultural practices, such as liming, application of mineral and organic fertilizers (bird droppings), seeds inoculation, selection of grass mixtures, optimal method and time of sowing, etc.

10.12737/6012 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Анисимова ◽  
T. Anisimova ◽  
Ефимова ◽  
E. Efimova

The outcomes of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were analyzed in 55 patients who were under the supervision of a physician – infectious within one year after the disease. This issue has been studied in more detail by the example of Hantaan virus infection in the Far East, the effects of Puumala infection aren’t well understood, vigilance among physicians concerning the formation of chronic kidney disease in patients is lacking. However, it is proved that the peculiarities of the clinical course of HFRS are caused by a specific serotype of the virus. It is revealed that the leading clinical manifestation in patients in early reconvalescence period of HFRS was astheno vegetative syndrome. Long-term prognosis of patients with HFRS, isn’t always favorable, it may be associated with prolonged disorders of the kidneys. Renal pathology includes lumbar – pain, eyelid swelling, dysuric phenomena, polyuria, nycturia, proteinuria, hematuria, cylindruria, reposotory. It is established that the disease is accompanied by a prolonged dysfunction of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, hepato-biliary system, this suggests the possibility of development of chronic pathology of different organs and the need for surveillance of HFRS patients, not only the infectious, but the nephrologist, cardiologist, neurologist.


1987 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
N.G ‘Dmitriev

SUMMARYMany valuable local breeds of farm animals in the USSR have either been lost or are in an endangered state. Concern about this loss of gene resources has led to the inclusion of a genetic resources programme in the overall state plan for the genetic improvement of livestock. It includes programmes for live animal conservation and setting up of gene banks. The former activity is carried out in special state gene pool farms, one for each geographical zone, where 500 purebred cows are maintained under a rotational outbred system of mating. Semen banks of most local breeds of livestock have also been established at animal husbandry institutes. Current research emphasis is on long term embryo storage and establishment of banks of somatic cells of local breeds.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
T. M. Gurevich ◽  
A. A. Voytsekhovich

The paper outlines the functioning of cultural practices concerning numbers in Chinese and Japanese mundanity. The formation and use of such symbolic non-mathematical meaning of numbers is a distinctive aspect of linguistic, cultural and axiological systems in the countries of the Far East. The topic seems to be of particular interest due to high attention drawn by number-containing words and idioms in Chinese and Japanese linguistic studies in combination with cultural studies. Such an analysis seeks to develop the approaches to clarifying nation-specific mental representations and cultural aspects of using numeral vocabulary. Non-mathematical meaning of numeral vocabulary should be considered in a differentiated manner depending on factors that shape particular meanings. Religious and cosmogonic mythology as well as oriental philosophy serves as major origins of number-related meanings. Graphic interpretations also produce new associated meanings. The paper mostly delves into the effects of how the phonetics of number-containing words influences their meaning. Homonymy and homophony that are typical of the Chinese language considerably facilitate the process of mounting additional meanings. The axiological and cultural perspective embraces numbers as classifying factors that can be used to stratify the objects. The study of non-traditional meanings in number vocabulary not only allows to reveal the link between culture and language but highlights how cognitive processes operate in linguistics.


Author(s):  
N. F. Klyuchnikova ◽  
М. T. Klyuchnikov ◽  
Е. M. Klyuchnikova

The article presents data on long-term observations about the occurrence of infertility of cows on dairy farms of Primorye and Priamurya, which indicate the presence of errors in the selection of cows for insemination, which leads to unjustified losses from temporary infertility of healthy animals. The problem of selecting cows for insemination exists on dairy farms all over the world, and each farmer solves it based on his own experience, finances and traditions. Currently, a large number of methods are proposed to improve the accuracy of the definition of cows in "hunting", but as practice has shown, none of them gives 100% reliability. For 50 years of work on the biology of animal reproduction, the authors have tested many of them on dairy farms in the south of the Far East. Our experiments on large farms with free-range cattle loose housing in the Ussuriysk and Khorolsk districts of the Primorsky Territory and the Khabarovsk district of the Khabarovsk Territory confirmed the recommendations on a higher efficiency of three-time detection of cows in heat. At the "Blagodatnoye" farm in the Khabarovsk Territory, with a loose-box keeping of cows 50 cows per box, an experiment was conducted with round-the-clock observation of the animals behavior. Symptoms of sexual excitation, immobility reflex, severity of estrus were recorded continuously for 13 days. The room housed 384 cows of different ages and productivity, which came from the calving pen after calving.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document