Dynamics of yield and soil chemistry under long-term cultivation of eastern goat’s rue (Galega orientalis Lam.)

Author(s):  
Н.Н. Лазарев ◽  
О.В. Кухаренкова ◽  
E.M. Куренкова ◽  
А.Ю. Бойцова

В шестнадцатилетних исследованиях на Полевой опытной станции РГАУ–МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева (2005–2020 годы) изучено продуктивное долголетие козлятника восточного сорта Гале и люцерны изменчивой сорта Находка. Установлено, что в первые 4 года использования травостоев урожайность агроценозов люцерны, созданных при различных способах обработки почвы, составляла 7,73–8,81 т/га сухой массы, что больше, чем давал козлятник восточный, в 1,8 раза. Урожайность сеяных травостоев люцерны при фрезерной обработке почвы была меньше на 1,08 т/га, чем при пахотной обработке, а на продуктивность козлятника способы основной обработки почвы не оказали существенного влияния. В последующие годы выращивания как козлятника, так и люцерны произошло выравнивание урожайности между вариантами с различными способами обработки почвы, и между ними не выявлено достоверных различий. В следующий четырёхлетний период (с 2009 по 2012 год) люцерна превосходила козлятник по урожайности на 46,8%. В среднем за 9–12-й годы жизни травостоев продуктивность уже козлятника была больше на 13,8%, а за 13–16-й годы — на 78,5%. В среднем за 16 лет травостои на основе люцерны дали больше кормов на 14,3%, но после 10-го года жизни они трансформировались в злаково-разнотравно-люцерновые фитоценозы, в то время как козлятник восточный остался доминирующим компонентом сеяного травостоя. Его доля в ботаническом составе травостоев на 16-й год жизни составляла 77,4–87,3%. За десятилетний период выращивания козлятника восточного pНKCl снизился с 5,75 до 5,46–5,60. Без внесения фосфорных удобрений почва перешла в разряд низкообеспеченной фосфором. Внесение калийных удобрений в течение первых 5 лет выращивания трав в дозе К180 позволило повысить обеспеченность почвы обменным калием с 38 до 71–72 мг/кг почвы. The productive longevities of eastern goat’s rue “Gale” and bastard alfalfa “Nakhodka” were analyzed at the Field Research Station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University for 16 years (2005–2020). For the first 4 years alfalfa productivity amounted to 7,73–8,81 t ha-1 of dry mass under different tillage practices exceeding the one of eastern goat’s rue by 1.8 times. Rototilling reduced alfalfa yield by 1.08 t ha-1 in comparison to plowing while eastern goat’s rue performance showed no significant variation. In subsequent years tillage practices had no significant impact both on two crops. From 2009 to 2012 alfalfa exceeded eastern goat’s rue in productivity by 46.8%. For 9–12th life cycles eastern goat’s rue exceeded alfalfa productivity by 13.8%, for 13–16th life cycles — by 78.5%. For 16 years alfalfa swards produced 14.3% more forage but after the 10th year alfalfa was not a predominant grass in a mixture unlike eastern goat’s rue ecosystems. Eastern goat’s rue proportion amounted to 77.4–87.3% in a sward in the 16th year. For 10 years of eastern goat’s rue cultivation pНKCl dropped from 5.75 to 5.46–5.60. Without phosphorus fertilizers soil suffered from phosphorus deficit. Application of К180 increased exchange potassium content from 38 to 71–72 mg/kg of soil in the first 5 years

Author(s):  
Chuck Collis ◽  
Jennifer Adams

The Field Research & Conservation class emphasizes long-term field research experiences, examines ecosystem processes, and investigates the evolution of American perspectives about nature. Our time spent at the UW-NPS research station was divided between pursuing behavioral ecology research and exploring Grand Teton National Park and the surrounding area to gain understanding of how the region was shaped, both by geological and biological process as well as political processes that have been shaped by America’s ever-changing conservation ethic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (44) ◽  
pp. 204-221
Author(s):  
Marijana Hameršak ◽  
Iva Pleše

Hidden migrant routes through Croatia lead through forest areas (among other types of terrain) which include those along state borders, but also forests in the interior of the territory. Those forests can variously be seen as shelters for migrants, albeit harsh, or as green tunnels leading to desired destinations, and as scenes of suffering and violence. This article approaches the forests in question as landscapes that have been transformed from a neutral natural environment into active factors for creating and maintaining border control regimes and deterring and expelling unwanted migrants. Based on our long-term field research and publicly available (archival, media and other) sources, we seek to document, interpret, and interconnect the objects and practices involved in constructing the forest as a hostile terrain and perilous environment for migrants, and as an important element in controlling unwanted migrations. These are, on the one hand, objects and practices that intervene into forests, such as setting up cameras or cutting down trees, and, on the other, interventions that take place in forests, such as police interception or expulsion. Apart from these external interventions, in this context of remodeling forests into dangerous environments, one can also discuss the role of nature itself and its characteristics, as well as the causes of why migrants find themselves in nature in the first place. Although, at first glance, it seems that people on the move choose the forest as the place and route of their movement of their own volition, they are pushed and expelled into these forests by exclusionary policies (visa regimes, asylum systems, etc.). This, ultimately, classifies forests in Croatia as weaponized landscapes of exclusion and death, such as the desert (e.g., De León 2015), mountain (Del Biaggio et al. 2020), maritime (e.g., Albahari 2015) or archipelago (Mountz 2017) landscapes


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Viganò ◽  
Christian Arnsperger ◽  
Elena Cogato Lanza ◽  
Martina Barcelloni Corte ◽  
Chiara Cavalieri

In light of the rapid population growth forecast for the coming years and the powerful transformations already occurring throughout its whole territory, today’s Switzerland stands in urgent need of critical reflection on its urban future. A novel set of concepts and actions is needed in order to produce new visions and operational tools capable of critically reconsidering mainstream debates about Switzerland’s future urban growth. On the one hand, national policies and narratives tend de facto towards lending increasing support to a dynamic of “metropolization,” which usually leads to stronger territorial hierarchization strategies and processes aiming at a spatial condensation of urban services and functions in specific, selected locations. On the other hand, however, the Swiss territory—with its deep rootedness in federalism and its unique aggregative structure—still embodies key features of what, at different times, has been named a single “Grande Ville,” a “dezentralisierte Großstadt,” a “Ville-Territoire” or, more recently, “Stadtland Schweiz.” The country as a whole is still characterized by extended and layered conditions of inhabitability, where the dispersion of the urban fabric, enmeshed within the agricultural and forested landscape, is articulated through horizontal rather that vertical relationships. This paper offers a novel reflection on how the ongoing metropolization process could be seen as a positive force if a markedly different idea of metropolitan space is introduced—the “Horizontal Metropolis.” Its key idea is to distribute and enlarge the benefits which metropolization, if conducted in line with the tradition of decentralization and horizontality, could bring to the Swiss territory and its population. The “Horizontal Metropolis” concept recovers and leverages the various forms of inhabitability and their relation with the infrastructural support. It considers the long-term construction of the Swiss “City-Territory” as a renewable resource, which means reflecting on new life cycles, capitalizing on the urban and territorial embodied energy, and therefore rethinking, without denying it, Switzerland’s extensive and diffused fixed capital. This could be a precious resource to accommodate future urban growth and reorient the form it takes, keeping at bay indiscriminate sprawl as well as its currently predominant ideological counterpart, indiscriminate densification and polarization.


Author(s):  
Chuck Collis

Field Research & Conservation emphasizes long-term field research experiences, examines ecosystem processes, and investigates the evolution of American perspectives about nature. Our time spent at the UW-NPS research station is divided between pursuing behavioral ecology research and exploring Grand Teton National Park and the surrounding area. These experiences help students gain understanding of how the region was shaped by geological, biological, and political processes that have been influenced by America’s evolving conservation ethic. After the summer field experience, my students assist in data analysis and the development of a poster project. We present our findings at the Phi Sigma Research Symposium at Illinois State University and the St. Louis Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Retreat at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.


1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
HJ Elliott ◽  
FJD McDonald

The embryology of A. craccivora is described. Ovarian growth of apterous and alate morphs was compared. At maximum ovarian development, apterae contained significantly more oocytes and embryos than alatae, they achieved this maximum 1-2 days earlier, and their fully developed embryos were always larger than those in alatae. There was no significant variation in oocyte and embryo number between individuals of the same stage and morph, but considerable variation between corresponding embryos from different ovarioles in the one ovary. Total fecundity of individual apterous aphids (96 : 32) was significantly greater than that of alatae (84 : 08), although alatae had a much longer reproductive life (29.02 days) than apterae (21.52 days). The results are discussed in relation to the different life cycles and physiological requirements of the two morphs.


2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.


2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mamonov

Our analysis documents that the existence of hidden “holes” in the capital of not yet failed banks - while creating intertemporal pressure on the actual level of capital - leads to changing of maturity of loans supplied rather than to contracting of their volume. Long-term loans decrease, whereas short-term loans rise - and, what is most remarkably, by approximately the same amounts. Standardly, the higher the maturity of loans the higher the credit risk and, thus, the more loan loss reserves (LLP) banks are forced to create, increasing the pressure on capital. Banks that already hide “holes” in the capital, but have not yet faced with license withdrawal, must possess strong incentives to shorten the maturity of supplied loans. On the one hand, it raises the turnovers of LLP and facilitates the flexibility of capital management; on the other hand, it allows increasing the speed of shifting of attracted deposits to loans to related parties in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. This enlarges the potential size of ex post revealed “hole” in the capital and, therefore, allows us to assume that not every loan might be viewed as a good for the economy: excessive short-term and insufficient long-term loans can produce the source for future losses.


2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nikorowicz-Zatorska

Abstract The present paper focuses on spatial management regulations in order to carry out investment in the field of airport facilities. The construction, upgrades, and maintenance of airports falls within the area of responsibility of local authorities. This task poses a great challenge in terms of organisation and finances. On the one hand, an active airport is a municipal landmark and drives local economic, social and cultural development, and on the other, the scale of investment often exceeds the capabilities of local authorities. The immediate environment of the airport determines its final use and prosperity. The objective of the paper is to review legislation that affects airports and the surrounding communities. The process of urban planning in Lodz and surrounding areas will be presented as a background to the problem of land use management in the vicinity of the airport. This paper seeks to address the following questions: if and how airports have affected urban planning in Lodz, does the land use around the airport prevent the development of Lodz Airport, and how has the situation changed over the time? It can be assumed that as a result of lack of experience, land resources and size of investments on one hand and legislative dissonance and peculiar practices on the other, aviation infrastructure in Lodz is designed to meet temporary needs and is characterised by achieving short-term goals. Cyclical problems are solved in an intermittent manner and involve all the municipal resources, so there’s little left to secure long-term investments.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Aniela Bălăcescu ◽  
Radu Șerban Zaharia

Abstract Tourist services represent a category of services in which the inseparability of production and consumption, the inability to be storable, the immateriality, and last but not least non-durability, induces in tourism management a number of peculiarities and difficulties. Under these circumstances the development of medium-term strategies involves long-term studies regarding on the one hand the developments and characteristics of the demand, and on the other hand the tourist potential analysis at regional and local level. Although in the past 20 years there has been tremendous growth of on-line booking made by household users, the tour operators agencies as well as those with sales activity continue to offer the specific services for a large number of tourists, that number, in the case of domestic tourism, increased by 1.6 times in case of the tour operators and by 4.44 times in case of the agencies with sales activity. At the same time, there have been changes in the preferences of tourists regarding their holiday destinations in Romania. Started on these considerations, paper based on a logistic model, examines the evolution of the probabilities and scores corresponding to the way the Romanian tourists spend their holidays on the types of tourism agencies, actions and tourist areas in Romania.


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