FOCAL CEREBRAL ARTERIOPATHY: A WELL-CHARACTERIZED CAUSE OF STROKE IN PEDIATRIC AGE

Introduction: Disk Battery Ingestion (DBI) is a cause of access to the emergency department (ED), especially in pediatric age. This problem, if not well managed, may lead to serious injuries, with several complications involving the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. Objective: Aim of this review is to analyze the literature of the last 25 years to make a decisional flow-chart that may help the emergency physician. Methods: For this review 36 articles have been analyzed (8 articles and 28 case reports), from 1995 to 2019. Data considered from each study were: year of publication, type of study, population studied, type of battery, timing of ingestion, treatment, outcomes, complications. Results: A decisional flow-chart has been configured. X-ray should be performed as a first step in every stable patient, meanwhile CT scan should be performed in unstable patients. When the battery is still localized in the esophagus, endoscopy should be performed as soon as possible, meanwhile, when the battery is beyond the esophagus, it should be noted its diameter before taking a decision. Conclusion: The use of the flow-chart proposed may reduce the risk of consequences and severe injuries for the patients, helping the emergency physician in his decisional process.

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Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo in Children

Audiology Research ◽

10.3390/audiolres11010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Cristiano Balzanelli ◽

Daniele Spataro ◽

Luca Oscar Redaelli de Zinis

Keyword(s):

Daily Activities ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Balance Disorders ◽

Horizontal Canal ◽

Posterior Canal ◽

Benign Positional Paroxysmal Vertigo ◽

Vestibular Assessment ◽

Anxiety And Fear ◽

Anterior Canal

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and analyze clinical parameters of benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) in a pediatric age. A cohort of 423 children under the age of 15 (median age 11. interquartile range 9–13) was submitted to vestibular assessment for balance disorders. Dix-Hallpike and Roll-Supine tests were performed to look for positioning nystagmus using video-infrared goggles. BPPV was found in 43 of 423 children evaluated for balance disorders (10.2%). There were 28 females (65.1%) and 15 (34.9%) males. The posterior canal was involved in 79% of cases and the horizontal canal in 21% of cases. No apogeotropic bilateral or anterior canal form were seen. Thus, BPPV is not an infrequent type of vertigo in children and must be evaluated as soon as possible in order to plan the most appropriate maneuver and restore daily activities as soon as possible, avoiding anxiety and fear.

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Congenital Lumbar Hernia in an 8-Month-Old Boy

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000511006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 431-435

Author(s):

Mohamed Mansy ◽

Mostafa Kotb ◽

Mohamed Abouheba

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Lumbar Hernia ◽

The Body ◽

Age Group ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Operative Repair ◽

Pediatric Age Group ◽

Organ Systems

Congenital lumbar hernias are uncommonly seen in the pediatric age group, with only about 60 cases reported in the literature. It is usually accompanied by a multitude of congenital anomalies involving different organ systems of the body. For instance, it may involve the ribs, spine, muscles, and the kidneys. Herein, we report a case of congenital lumbar hernia in an 8-month-old boy who underwent an operative repair using a mesh with an uneventful outcome.

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Renal leiomyoma: An uncommon differential diagnosis of renal masses in pediatric age

Urology Case Reports ◽

10.1016/j.eucr.2021.101567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 101567

Author(s):

Derya Karabulut ◽

Aykut Alkan ◽

Cihan Ozgur ◽

Burak Gunay ◽

Gulsah Burgazdere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Renal Masses

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Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections: Global Emerging Threats, Predicting the Near Future

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Alessandra Romandini ◽

Arianna Pani ◽

Paolo Andrea Schenardi ◽

Giulia Angela Carla Pattarino ◽

Costantino De Giacomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Pediatric Infections ◽

Surgical Treatments ◽

Developing System ◽

Near Future

Antibiotic resistance is a public health threat of the utmost importance, especially when it comes to children: according to WHO data, infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria produce 700,000 deaths across all ages, of which around 200,000 are newborns. This surging issue has multipronged roots that are specific to the pediatric age. For instance, the problematic overuse and misuse of antibiotics (for wrong diagnoses and indications, or at wrong dosage) is also fueled by the lack of pediatric-specific data and trials. The ever-evolving nature of this age group also poses another issue: the partly age-dependent changes of a developing system of cytochromes determine a rather diverse population in terms of biochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics profiles, hard to easily codify in an age- or weight-dependent dosage. The pediatric population is also penalized by the contraindications of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, and by congenital malformations which often require repeated hospitalizations and pharmacological and surgical treatments from a very young age. Emerging threats for the pediatric age are MRSA, VRSA, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the alarming colistin resistance. Urgent actions need to be taken in order to step back from a now likely post-antibiotic era, where simple infections might cause infant death once again.

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