ALIMENTARY OUTBREAKS OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC

Author(s):  
Mária Avdičová
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Dorko ◽  
Kvetoslava Rimárová ◽  
Peter Kizek ◽  
Milan Stebnický ◽  
Ľubica Zákutná

Author(s):  
Scott McNabb ◽  
Eva Reichrtova ◽  
Peter Ciznar ◽  
Lubica Palkovicova ◽  
Andrea Adamcakova ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Kuulo Kutsar

The first cases of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Estonia were identified in 1949. Today, Estonia is a TBE-endemic country. A TBE-endemic area in Estonia is defined as an area with circulation between ticks and vertebrate hosts as determined by detection of TBEV or the demonstration of autochthonous infections in humans or animals within the last 20 years.


Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.


Even though tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Croatia since 2007, there are no or only limited data available on the occurring tick species in the endemic areas, on the prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks, its distribution in Croatia, and its genetic characteristics. Reporting of human cases also is very scarce. The Central European subtype of virus (TBEV-EU) appears to be present in Croatia


Author(s):  
Joon Young Song

Although no human case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been documented in South Korea to date, surveillance studies have been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in wild ticks.


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