scholarly journals The issues of old and new lexicography. Applied study: (S A F) material as a case study: إشكالاتُ الصِّناعة ا­لمعجميَّة قديمًا وحديثًا- مادَّةُ (ص ف ح) أنموذجًا- دراسةٌ تطبيقيَّةٌ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Akram Kheder
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Lexical Entry ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Internal Arrangement

A variety of approaches were adopted by authors of Arabic dictionaries in which they paid attention to defining, labelling and ordering the lexical units. However, the confusion is evident in much of what they presented. This study aims at clarifying the aspects of confusion in the approach used in lexical authoring, and the standard adopted in examining the lexical units through studying (S A F) material in three dictionaries, namely: al- Qamus al- Muheet for al- Fayruzabadi (817 AH), Mujam Lesan al- Arab for Ibn Manzur (1311 AH) and al- Mujam al- Waseet, published in (1860 CE) by the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo. To this end, the paper adopted the descriptive and analytical method by tracking the material chosen in the previous dictionaries to show the standard adopted by authors of the dictionary in defining, ordering and labelling the lexical units, and to indicate the effectiveness of what they have provided in the field of lexicography. The study focuses on four main sections during the process of examination: the lexical definition, the internal arrangement under the lexical entry, the methodology of abbreviation appearance and the supporting definition elements; pattern, example and photo.

scholarly journals The projectilic image: Islamic State’s digital visual warfare and global networked affect

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1194-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan M Kraidy
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Video Production ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Study Approach

Islamic State’s (IS) image-warfare presents an auspicious opportunity to grasp the growing role of digital images in emerging configurations of global conflict. To understand IS’ image-warfare, this article explores the central role of digital images in the group’s war spectacle and identifies a key modality of this new kind of warfare: global networked affect. To this end, the analysis focuses on three primary sources: two Arabic-language IS books, Management of Savagery (2004) and O’ Media Worker, You Are a Mujahid!, 2nd Edition (2016), and a video, Healing the Believers’ Chests (2015), featuring the spectacular burning of a Jordanian air force pilot captured by IS. It uses the method of ‘iconology’ within a case-study approach. I analyze IS’ doctrine of image-warfare explained in the two books and, in turn, examine how this doctrine is executed in IS video production, conceptualizing digital video as a specific permutation of moving digital images uniquely able to enact, and via repetition, to maintain, visual and narrative tension between movement and stillness, speed and slowness, that diffuses global network affect. Using a theoretical framework combining spectacle, new media phenomenology, and affect theory, the article concludes that global networked affect is projectilic, mimicking fast, lethal, penetrative objects. IS visual warfare, I argue, is best understood through the notion of the ‘projectilic image’.

Muslim Notables, French Colonial Officials, and the Washers of the Dead

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Augustin Jomier
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
The Road ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Dead

For many decades, scholars of gender and women’s history in the Middle East and North Africa have challenged prevailing visions of an unchanged patriarchy, showing how patriarchy was transformed in relation to colonialism, and how some women struggled against it. To the contrary, this article aims to challenge our understanding of women’s agency, taking Mzab as a case study. It explores the ways in which women of this Berber speaking region, inhabited by Ibadi Muslims and conquered by the French in 1882, contributed to the colonial reinforcement of male domination. Reading together works of ethnography, colonial administrative files, legal disputes, and Arabic-language newspapers, this article shows that, together with the colonial legal framework, other informal legal discourses and institutions shaped women’s condition. Down the road, forms of patriarchy and notions of gender shifted.

Value of Bootstrapping Staged Deployment of Infrastructure: Case Study in Space Infrastructure Deployment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koki Ho ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Harrison Kim
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Uncertain Environment ◽  
Infrastructure System ◽  
Space Infrastructure

This paper analyzes the value of staged deployment for complex infrastructure system and propose a concept of bootstrapping staged deployment. Staged deployment has been well known for its advantage of providing flexibility in an uncertain environment. In contrast, this paper demonstrates that the proposed bootstrapping staged deployment can even add values in a deterministic environment. The key idea of bootstrapping staged deployment is to have the previously deployed stages support the subsequent deployment. We develop an analytical model to demonstrate the effects of bootstrapping staged deployment with a case study in space exploration. Our analysis results show that with a well-coordinated deployment plan, staged deployment can overperform single-stage deployment even in a deterministic environment, and that there is an optimal number of stages in terms of lifecycle cost under certain conditions. Our method can find the analytical expression for the optimal number of stages and its deployment strategies. The general findings from the proposed concept and analytical method can advance our knowledge about systems staged deployment, and make operational planning of resource generation infrastructure more efficient.

scholarly journals Mother Tongue Use in Beginner EFL Grammar Classes in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Khulud Ali Tubayqi ◽  
Mazeegha Ahmed Al Tale’
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Thematic Content Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Actual Interaction

Using the mother tongue (MT) in English as a foreign or second language (EFL/ESL) classrooms is indispensable, especially in beginner classes. This paper aims to add to the present literature on this issue by highlighting the attitudes of both students and teachers towards MT use in English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom, the justifications for its use, and some of the actual interaction practices in grammar classes. It investigates the attitudes of 110 Saudi EFL female beginners and their two teachers toward using the Arabic language in EFL grammar classes at Jazan University. It also investigates the students’ reasons for using or avoiding their MT. Moreover, it presents some of the functions that MT serves in EFL grammar classes. To collect the data, the researchers used two questionnaires and classroom observations. For data analysis, they used Microsoft Excel and thematic content analysis. The results indicated that, although both students and teachers generally have positive attitudes toward using the MT in EFL classes, they are also aware of the adverse effects of its overuse. The results also revealed that the teachers and students use MT in EFL classes to serve different classroom functions that ease the teaching and learning processes. Based on these findings, the study provided recommendations for teachers, curriculum designers, and future researchers.

scholarly journals ARABIC TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE: A CASE OF MADRASAH SCHOOLS IN MALUKU

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummu Saidah ◽  
Saidna Zulfiqar Bin-Tahir ◽  
Nuril Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Pedagogical Competence ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Subject

In reality, not a few teachers who have been certified as educators are less competent in teaching the field of study. Many teachers are also able to master the subject matter, but they have difficult to present the material. This research applied a qualitative method using a case study design. It was carried out in the State Madrasah schools of Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency. This research was conducted from August to 02 November 2017. The subjects of this study were 3 Arabic teachers, two principals and 6 class students totaling 12 informants. Based on the results, it was found that the pedagogic competence of Arabic language teachers was still relatively low due to the several indicators that were not implemented during the learning process. The personality’s competence of Arabic language teachers is relatively good compared to their pedagogical competence. The lacks of training, facilities, and rewards have caused the low educational competence of teachers. Their personal competence is due to strict supervision and their commitment to building the ummah as followers of religion and not because of their profession as teachers. Students are motivated to learn Arabic due to the motivation is given by the teacher, the mu'amalah is good between teachers and students, and there is a continuous and rigorous evaluation.

scholarly journals Understanding Multiculturalism in Saudi Education: A Case Study of Two Schools in Mecca

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mohammed Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Western World ◽  
Equity In Education ◽  
Different Levels

Problem This research investigated the understanding and perceptions of Saudi educators toward multiculturalism and multicultural education in Saudi Arabia. The research had three broad questions. The first question was, "What are Saudi educators’ conceptions of culture and multicultural education?" The second research question was, "What practices do educators employ concerning multicultural education?” The third research question was, "How do educators implement multicultural education for their students at schools with different levels of cultural diversity?" Method In this study, I used the qualitative multiple case study research design to explore the understanding and the attitudes of Saudi educators regarding multiculturalism and multicultural education. The study was applied in the Holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, which is one of the most highly diverse cities in the whole country. The participants of this study were selected from two elementary schools with different levels of cultural diversity. The participants were varied in their school positions, teaching subjects, and levels of education. To collect the data of the study, I developed the interview protocol and conducted semi-structured interviews for teachers and administrators to understand Saudi educators' attitudes and perceptions regarding multicultural education. Interpretations The findings of the study were categorized into four themes. First, culture was defended into three different ways: a gained knowledge, customs and traditions, and an integrated life system. Second, the relationship between culture and education was seen from three different perspectives: the cultural background influences students' learning, the family's background influences students’ learning, and the school’s culture influences students’ learning. Third, participants' perspectives regarding multiculturalism and multicultural education were divided into three viewpoints: multiculturalism empowers the community and it improves students’ achievements at schools, multiculturalism empowers the teacher's performance in the classroom, and multiculturalism and multicultural education participate in losing the Islamic and Arabic identities for Saudi students. The fourth theme was related to teachers’ professional development. All participants agreed that training programs provided form the Educational Training Department did not reach their desired needs. Implications of the Study The findings of this research have implications regarding multiculturalism and multicultural education in Saudi Arabia. First, the meaning of multicultural education used in the western world was not compatible with the culture of Islamic societies, including Saudi people. Therefore, there is a need for developing a multicultural education philosophy for Arab and Muslim societies that take into account the Arabic and Islamic identities. Second, equity in education is the backbone of the education system in Saudi Arabia. However, Saudi teachers need to be informed about equity in education and students' rights to empower all students to succeed. Third, there is a need for developing an Arabic language learning program for non-Arabic speakers. The fourth implication is that teacher professional development programs need to be developed to prepare teachers to participate in building the future of the country.

Muslim Notables, French Colonial Officials, and the Washers of the Dead

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-33
Author(s):  
Augustin Jomier
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
The Road ◽  
Legal Discourses ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Dead

Abstract For many decades, scholars of gender and women's history in the Middle East and North Africa have challenged prevailing visions of an unchanged patriarchy, showing how patriarchy was transformed in relation to colonialism, and how some women struggled against it. To the contrary, this article aims to challenge our understanding of women's agency, taking Mzab as a case study. It explores the ways in which women of this Berber speaking region, inhabited by Ibadi Muslims and conquered by the French in 1882, contributed to the colonial reinforcement of male domination. Reading together works of ethnography, colonial administrative files, legal disputes, and Arabic-language newspapers, this article shows that, together with the colonial legal framework, other informal legal discourses and institutions shaped women's condition. Down the road, forms of patriarchy and notions of gender shifted.

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