scholarly journals The purposes of Islamic sharia politics: مقاصد السياسة الشرعية

Author(s):  
Ayman Mohammed Haroush Ayman Mohammed Haroush

In this research a study of the goals of Islamic politics. He talked about the concept of the objectives and their types, and concept of legal politics, then he separated the objectives sought by the street from the jurisprudence of Sharia policy, the researcher wanted to clarify the objectives of politics and highlight the purpose of its jurisprudence, and to show the beauty and merits of the law in this regard, and correct the course of political action to comply with the legitimate objectives. The research was conducted after extrapolating the texts of Sharia and the words of the jurists on the topic of Sharia policy, the legal policy was generally intended to preserve the worldly interests of the people, such as achieving security, services and civilized development, and eschatological interests, such as preserving religion and spreading moral values and science. The research recommended teaching the purposes of Sharia policy to researchers and those working in politics, and need to activate political jurisprudence in contemporary calamities according to the purposes of political law.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrinald Rizhan

 Abstract The law is always identified with justice, because the law must reflect justice and at the same time maintain justice. Law as a moral category is similar to justice. The word "justice" is of course also used in the legal sense, in terms of compatibility with positive law, especially in conformity with the Act. The only thing that is always demanded by the community is justice, not the law. Because justice is an irrational ideal, and justice is not the goal of knowledge, so what is learned in science is law, even though justice itself is indispensable to human will and action. Justice is something that is difficult to reach. Seeing the number of elements that affect or the parties related to justice itself. Justice that tends to be relatively large influenced by political elements. Legal politics is a legal policy or legal (policy) line of law that will be enforced either by the creation of a new law or by the replacement of the old law, in order to achieve the objectives of the State. In other words Political law is a series of concepts and principles that outline and basic plan in the implementation of a job, leadership, and how to act in the field of law. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison between the State of Democracy and Islamic State when viewed from Politics and Justice. Type of research conducted is normative legal research, namely research conducted on legal principles and legal synchronization level. The analysis conducted in this research is qualitative analysis by drawing deductive conclusions that is drawing conclusions from things that are general to things that are special. The result of this research is Democracy State and Islamic State both using politics. Because, in simple terms politics is a strategy, a technique of governing. Politics has also been used in Islam since the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW. He as a person who spread the religion of Islam and in the spread of religion is using the same strategy as with politics. Justice is a thing that has always been the basis of the ideals of each State, whatever form the State certainly has a vision and mission that did not escape the desire of achieving justice. So also with the State of Democracy and Islamic State. In addition to the equality of vision and mission of justice, another apparent equation concerns the thought of the political system of the relationship between the people and the rulers and the responsibilities of government. Keywords: state, politics, justice, democracy AbstrakHukum selalu diidentikkan dengan keadilan, karena hukum harus mencerminkan keadilan dan sekaligus dapat menjaga keadilan. Hukum sebagai kategori moral serupa dengan keadilan. Kata “keadilan” tentu saja juga digunakan dalam pengertian hukum, dari segi kecocokan dengan hukum positif, terutama kecocokan dengan Undang-Undang. Hanya saja yang selalu dituntut oleh masyarakat adalah keadilan, bukan hukum. Karena keadilan adalah suatu cita-cita yang irasional, dan keadilan bukan sasaran dari pengetahuan, maka yang dipelajari dalam suatu ilmu pengetahuan adalah hukum, meskipun keadilan itu sendiri sangat diperlukan bagi kemauan dan tindakan manusia. Keadilan adalah sesuatu hal yang sulit di gapai. Melihat banyaknya unsur-unsur yang mempengaruhi atau pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan keadilan itu sendiri. Keadilan yang cenderung bersifat relatif banyak di pengaruhi oleh unsur-unsur politik. Politik hukum adalah legal policy atau garis (kebijakan) resmi tentang hukum yang akan diberlakukan baik dengan pembuatan hukum baru maupun dengan penggantian hukum lama, dalam rangka mencapai tujuan Negara. Dengan kata lain Politik hukum adalah rangkaian konsep dan asas yang menjadi garis besar dan dasar rencana dalam pelaksanaan suatu pekerjaan, kepemimpinan, dan cara bertindak dalam bidang hukum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara Negara Demokrasi dan Negara Islam apabila di tinjau dari Politik dan Keadilan. Jenis Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap asas-asas hukum dan taraf sinkronisasi hukum. Analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif dengan menarik kesimpulan secara deduktif yaitu menarik kesimpulan dari hal-hal yang bersifat umum kepada hal-hal yang bersifat khusus. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah Negara Demokrasi maupun Negara Islam sama-sama menggunakan politik. Karena, dalam permaknaan yang sederhana politik adalah strategi, teknik mengatur. Politik juga sudah digunakan dalam islam sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW. Beliau selaku orang yang menyebarkan agama islam dan dalam penyebaran agama tersebut menggunakan strategi yang sama halnya dengan politik. Keadilan adalah suatu hal yang selalu menjadi dasar cita-cita setiap Negara, apapun bentuk Negara tersebut tentu mempunyai visi dan misi yang tak luput dari keinginan pencapaian keadilan. Begitu juga dengan Negara Demokrasi maupun Negara Islam. Selain persamaan terhadap visi dan misi keadilan tersebut, persamaan lain yang tampak adalah menyangkut pemikiran sistem politik tentang hubungan antara umat dan penguasa serta tanggung jawab pemerintahan. Kata Kunci: negara, politik, keadilan, demokrasi 



Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Muchtar Riva’i ◽  
Darwin Erhandy

The establishment of the KPPU is to control the implementation of the Act. No. 5/1999 on Concerning the Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition in Indonesia. Various duties and authority of the KPPU contained in Article 35 and Article 36 of the Act. But in reality, KPPU does not have executorial rights so that the various decisions of the commission often could not be implemented. Therefore internally strengthening of institutional existence by way of amending the Law Commission is very appropriate to be used by the government and parliament agenda. Externally, stakeholder participation is something very urgent and that the KPPU’s strategic optimally capable of performing their duties according to its motto: “Healthy competition Welfare of the people”.



2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Sarah French Russell

Under the First Step Act of 2018, federal prisoners may now petition courts directly for reduction of their sentences, and judges may grant such requests if “extraordinary and compelling reasons” support reduction. Judges are also in the process of imposing reduced sentences in thousands of cases where the First Step Act has retroactively reduced statutory penalties. Not only does the First Step Act offer prisoners new opportunities for sentence reduction, but the law also may change how federal judges understand the impact of their sentencing decisions. Before now, in federal cases, judges rarely had the chance to take a second look at the prison sentences they (or their colleagues) imposed. Encounters between judges and the people they sentenced typically occurred only if a person violated the terms of supervised release after leaving prison. Now, judges can reassess sentence length while someone is still in prison and evaluate whether a reduction in the sentence is warranted. This newfound power allows judges to see their sentencing decisions in a new light and may influence how they conceive of the prison time they impose in future cases.



2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Lina Aniqoh

This paper seeks to elaborate on the textual interpretation of Q.S Muhammad verse 4 and Q.S at Taubah verse 5. These two verses are often employed by the extremist Muslim groups to legitimize their destructive acts carried out on groups considered as being infidels and as such lawfully killed. The interpretation was conducted using the double movement hermeneutics methodology offered by Fazlur Rahman. After reinterpretation, the two verses contain moral values, namely the war ordered by God must be reactive, fulfill the ethics of "violence" and be the last solution. Broadly speaking, the warfare commanded in the Qur'an aims to establish a benefit for humanity on the face of the earth by eliminating every crime that exists. These two verses in the contemporary socio-historical context in Indonesia can be implemented as a basis for combating the issue of hoaxes and destructive acts of extremist Muslim groups. Because both are crimes and have negative implications for the people good and even able to threaten the unity of mankind.



2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Muh Risnain

Legal policy throught criminalization of judge by the law are abuse of judicial indpence and threat of rule of law principle while regulate by the constitution. And it is shown that quo vadis of criminalization policy when drafting the law. To solve this problem, there are two step, firstly, House of representative and President as state organs who have authority to arrange the law must pay attention principle of judicial indepence and rule of law, second, reorientation of criminal policy. Keywords: Criminalization, Judicial Independence and Rule of Law.



Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Hanafi Amrani

AbstrakArtikel ini membahas dua permasalahan pokok: pertama, kriteria yang digunakan oleh pembentuk undang-undang di bidang politik dalam menetapkan suatu perbuatan sebagai perbuatan pidana (kriminalisasi); dan kedua, fungsi sanksi pidana dalam undang-undang di bidang politik. Terkait dengan kriminalisasi, undang-undang di bidang politik yang termasuk ke dalam hukum administrasi, maka pertimbangan dari pembuat undang-undang tentu saja tidak sekedar kriminalisasi sebagaimana diatur dalam ketentuan hukum pidana dalam arti sebenarnya. Hal tersebut disebabkan adanya pertimbangan-pertimbangan tertentu. Pertama, perbuatan yang dilarang dalam hukum pidana administrasi lebih berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala prohibita, sedangkan dalam ketentuan hukum pidana yang sesungguhnya berorientasi pada perbuatan yang bersifat mala in se. Kedua, sebagai konsekuensi dari adanya penggolongan dua kategori kejahatan tersebut, maka pertimbangan yang dijadikan acuan juga akan berbeda. Untuk yang pertama (mala prohibita), sanksi pidana itu dibutuhkan untuk menjamin ditegakkannya hukum administrasi tersebut. Dalam hal ini sanksi pidana berfungsi sebagai pengendali dan pengontrol tingkah laku individu untuk mencapai suatu keadaan yang diinginkan. Sedangkan untuk yang kedua (mala in se), fungsi hukum pidana dan sanksi pidana lebih berorientasi pada melindungi dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai moral yang tertanam di masyarakat tempat di mana hukum itu diberlakukan atau ditegakkan. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Kriminalisasi, Undang-Undang PolitikThis article discusses two main problems: firstly, the criteria used by the legislators in the field of politics in determining an act as a criminal act (criminalization); secondly, the function of criminal sanctions in legislation in the field of politics. Associated with criminalization, legislation in the field of politics that is included in administrative law, the consideration of the legislators of course not just criminalization as stipulated in the provisions of criminal law in the true sense. This is due to certain considerations. Firstly, the act which is forbidden in the administration of criminal law is more oriented to act is malum prohibitum offences, whereas in actual criminal law provisions in the act are mala in se offences. Secondly, as a consequence of the existence of two categories of classification of the crime, then consideration will also vary as a reference. For the first (mala prohibita), criminal sanctions are needed to ensure the enforcement of the administrative law. In this case the criminal sanction serves as controller and controlling the behavior of individuals to achieve a desired state. As for the second (mala in se), the function of criminal law and criminal sanctions is more oriented to protect and maintain the moral values that are embedded in a society where the law was enacted or enforced.



Author(s):  
مها بنت منصور الصائغ

شهد تاريخ الأمة الإسلامية حضارة ونهضة عالمية في جميع مجالات الحياة الإنسانية، ومما كان له كبير الأثر في ذلك هو الأوقاف التي بدأت مع سيد البشرية محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم واستمرت بتنوع وشمولية إلى عصرنا الحالي؛ ولكن ما تعرضت إليه الأوقاف من إهمال وإقصاء وضياع يرجع لأسباب عديدة من أهمها غياب التوثيق الوقفي. تقوم الدراسة على تتبع مفهوم الوقف والتوثيق، والوقف في الإمارات العربية المتحدة ول سيما في إمارة الشارقة. توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج منها: أن الأوقاف قائمة منذ زمن بعيد، وأن رغبة الواقف بالوقف وإقدامه عليها لم ينقصها سوى وثيقة، وأنه لا وثائق لها ولا مستندات، كما أن العرض الموجز لنشأة دائرة الأوقاف بالشارقة وسعيها لإحياء سنة الوقف ونشر ثقافته نراه يتضح شيئاً فشيئاً من خلال تفعيل مواد القانون والبحث حول الأنسب والأصح لحماية الأوقاف، ولم يكن هذا الاهتمام بالوقف إلا انعكاساً لتوجه الواقفين وتماشياً لرؤية الحكام وامتثالاً لنهج خير الأنام ورغبة في تكافل الأرواح وحباً للسلام. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الوقف، التوثيق، المقارنة، الشارقة. Abstract The history of Islamic nation has witnessed a global civilization and it has had a great impact in all areas of human life, including the endowments that began with the master of humankind; Muhammad S.A.W. and it was continuing in diversity and comprehensively until our epoch. However, there are some problems related to endowment management such as negligence, exclusion and loss that due to many reasons. Among the most important reasons is the absence of endowment documentations. Therefore, the study aims to discuss the concept of endowment and documentation, as well as the endowment in United Arabic Emirates, especially in the Emirate of Sharjah. The study concluded that the practice of endowment has been existed for a long time, yet there are in need of endowment documentations. This study also found that the information related to the establishment of institution of endowment in Sharjah and its role has   spread widely to the people through the enforcement of the law and the implementation of the research related to the practice of endowment in order to sustain them in a good way. This documentation system was only a reflection of what has  stated in Shariah laws regarding the practice of endowment among the donors, so that it will be in line with the approach of good intentions and love of peace. Keywords: Endowment, Documentation, Comparison, Sharjah.   



1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Oliver Aylmerton

The author describes the main characteristics of the English judicial system and its methodology. A central topic is the so-called judicial legislation, as is illustrated by the developing case lawwith respect to the tort of negligence. The method has the twin advantages of flexibility and pragmatism and it also has the advantages of speed. But there is a minus side also. First, the development of the law in this way can only be achieved at the expense of certainty. Secondly, it involves the alteration of the law, sometimes a quite radical alteration, without any extensive consideration of the practical and economic results such as would take place in the course of parliamentary scrutiny and debate. Judges are not the elected representatives of the people and the methodology of English Judges which results in the development and alteration of the law without the benefit of parliamentary debate may not perhaps be altogether a satisfactory democratic process to a constitutional purist.



Letonica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergejs Kruks

Keywords: discourse analysis, general will, Latvian politics, political representation, Saeima Latvian citizens are characterised by a very low level of political activism. How can this be explained through an understanding of politics? Prior to the 2018 Saeima (Latvian parliament) election, voters were interviewed on Latvian television discussing the pronouncements of various members of parliament. The researcher explores the relationship between the comments of these voters and the way they feel their interests are being represented by the state’s law makers. Throughout the interviews, voters are critical of Saeima, yet they fail to clearly explain their interests. The generally agreed upon duty of MPs is to discover the general will of the people, and attempt to fulfil this will through law making. In Latvia, the concept of forming interest groups representing the desires of various groups of citizens to create public expressions of their opinions is not considered a viable resource for political action. The citizens being interviewed believe that they cannot expect to have their interests represented by Saeima and prefer individual strategies focused on non-political action.



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