scholarly journals Measurement of Natural and Artificial Radioactive Elements in Soil  at the Southern Al-Dora Region, Baghdad Governorate, Iraq: حساب تركيز النظائر المشعة الطبيعية والصناعية لنماذج تربة جنوب منطقة الدورة  في محافظة بغداد، العراق

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basim Khalaf Rejah, Afrah Hassoon Oraibi, Abdalrahman Al-Sal
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Detector ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

The specific activity of natural and artificial radioactive elements in nine soil samples at different locations of southern Al-Dora region, Baghdad governorate, Iraq were measured and analysed by using a gamma ray detector NaI (Tl). The average activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs are found to be 38.22 Bq/Kg, 42.99 Bq/Kg, 16.64 Bq/Kg and 2.92 Bq/Kg, respectively. Several radiological hazard indices including radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), internal (Hin) and external (Hex) hazard indices, internal (AEDEin) and external (AEDEex) annual effective dose equivalent and gamma ray index (Iγr) are calculated. The findings of all radiological hazard indices are lower than their international values. This study discloses that most locations in study area are safe from any radiological risks.

scholarly journals Suitability of rocks and sediments from Brzeszcze and Silesia coal mines as building materials in terms of radiological hazard

Nukleonika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Monika Śleziak ◽  
Marek Duliński
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract The isotope activity concentration of rocks and bottom sediments was evaluated based on the samples collected from sedimentation ponds and gangue repositories. Radium 226Ra, thorium 228Th and potassium 40K activities were measured by gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium detector – HPGe 4020. The radiation effect resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides was estimated by radiological hazard indices such as f1 and f2 coefficients, radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices and absorbed dose rate. Performed measurements and calculations have shown that the bottom sediments are most contaminated. They may pose a serious radiological hazard for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Assessment of nuclear radiation pollution in uranium mining-impacted soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Raad Obid Hussein Houmady
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity

Activities associated with mining of uranium have generated significant quantities of waste materials containing uranium and other toxic metals. A qualitative and quantitative study was performed to assess the situation of nuclear pollution resulting from waste of drilling and exploration left on the surface layer of soil surrounding the abandoned uranium mine hole located in the southern of Najaf province in Iraq state. To measure the specific activity, twenty five surface soil samples were collected, prepared and analyzed by using gamma- ray spectrometer based on high counting efficiency NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The results showed that the specific activities in Bq/kg are 37.31 to 1112.47 with mean of 268.16, 0.28 to 18.57 with mean of 6.68 and 132.25 to 678.33 with mean of 277.49 for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Based on these values, radium equivalent activity in Bq/kg and absorbed dose rate one meter above the ground surface nGy/h were calculated and found to be vary 52.72 to 1189.84 and from 25.02 to 553.01. The indoor and outdoor annual effective dose rate in mSv/y ranged from 0.12 to 2.71 and from 0.03 to 0.67 respectively. To evaluate the dangerous of the study area, the external (Hex) and internal (Hin) hazard indexes are calculated and found to be ranged 0.14 to 3.21 and from 0.24 to 6.22. For the purpose of assessing the seriousness of the study area, results were compared with the world wide average. This comparison indicated that the study area is not safe from the radiological protection point view.

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and assessment of the associated radiation hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Ema Hankić ◽  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Feriz Adrović
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Specific Activities

AbstractThe results of the specific activities of232Th,226Ra and40K measured in samples of commonly used building materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. Measurements were performed by gamma-ray spectrometer with coaxial HPGe detector. The surface radon exhalation and mass exhalation rates for selected building materials were also measured. The determined values of specific activities were in range from 3.16±0.81 Bq kg−1to 64.79±6.16 Bq kg−1for232Th, from 2.46±0.95 Bq kg−1to 53.89 ±3.67 Bq kg−1for226Ra and from 28.44±7.28 Bq kg−1to 557.30±93.38 Bq kg−1for40K. The radium equivalent activity, the activity concentration index, the external and internal hazard indices as well as the absorbed dose rate in indoor air and the corresponding annual effective dose, due to gamma-ray emission from the radioactive nuclides in the building material, were evaluated in order to assess the radiation hazards for people. The measured specific activities of the natural radioactive nuclides in all investigated building materials were compared with the published results for building materials from other European countries. It can be noted that the results from this study are similar to the data for building materials from neighbouring countries and for building materials used in the EU Member States. The radiological hazard parameters of the building materials were all within the recommended limits for safety use.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Abstract Radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in a total of 92 samples, including eight commonly used types of building materials that were obtained from local manufacturers and suppliers in Beijing. Concentrations were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in all samples varied from 10.1 to 661, 3.3 to 555 and 3.2 to 2945 Bq per kg with an average of 127.8, 114.8, and 701.5 Bq per kg, respectively. The potential radiological hazards were estimated by calculating the absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard (Hex), and internal hazard (Hin) indices. The investigated building materials were classified into different types according to the radioactivity levels. Results from this research will provide a reference for the acquisition, sales, and use of building materials. Attention should be paid to the use of coal cinder brick, ceramic, and granite in the construction of dwellings.

Assessment of Natural Radionuclides in Local and Imported Cements in Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region- Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

A total of 10 cement samples were collected from the manufactures and markets. Spectrometry analysis of Sodium Iodide NaI (Tl) detector was used for measuring the samples' specific activity. The obtained specific activities of (226Ra, 232Th and40 K) were (35, 30 and 400) Bq/kg, respectively, which are below the critical values suggested by UNSCEAR2000. The radiological hazard indices of radium equivalent activities (Raeq), the indoor absorbed dose , the internal annual effective dose equivalent (Ein) and the internal index (Hin) were calculated. All of the obtained values were below the world wide recommendation values. Fortunately, from the analyzed results, it was concluded that the local and imported cements in Erbil governorate will make no risk when used in building constructions.

scholarly journals Distribution of Radionuclides in Surface Soil and Bottom Sediment in the District of Jessore, Bangladesh and Evaluation of Radiation Hazard

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Kabir ◽  
SMA Islam ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
World Average ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The World ◽  
Soil And Sediment

This paper presents the first reports on the natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in soil and sediment of Jessore, a south-western district of Bangladesh. Surface soil and freshwater sediment were collected from in and around some major water-bodies of this district. To assess the radiological hazard of the natural radioactivity, the radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate, and the external and internal hazard indices were calculated. In the soil and sediment in general, the activity concentration of 232Th was found to be higher than that of  226Ra, while that of 40K markedly exceeds the values of both 226Ra and 232Th. The average activities of 226Ra and 232Th in this area were found to be higher than the world average. There was no activity due to fallout (137Cs) in this area. The radium equivalent activity and the absorbed dose rate due to the natural radionuclides were found to be respectively lower and higher than the world average. The external and internal hazard indices were found to be well below the hazard limit of unity. Our results compare fairly well with other published results.  Key words: Soil, Sediment, Natural lake, Radioactivity, Dose rate DOI: 10.3329/jbas.v33i1.2956 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 1, 117-130, 2009

scholarly journals ESTIMATION ON THE RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN FLOODED SOIL SAMPLES IN KADUNA NORTH, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
P.M. Gyuk ◽  
J.O. Anaegbu ◽  
H.O. Aboh ◽  
R. Daniel ◽  
A. Aruwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The background radiation of the areas was collected at random for each point using a rados survey meter. The detectors (two rados survey meter were used) were placed 1 meter above the ground with the operator positioned a few meters away. Three (3) readings were taking from each detector in other to reduce error or reach accuracy in obtaining the background readings from each randomly selected point where soil samples were later collected. In the current study, the concentration levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) of 40K, 232Th, and 238U in the surface soil samples of selected areas in kigo road new extension Kaduna north, Kaduna in Nigeria were studied. The collected soil samples were analyzed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of the natural occurring radionuclides of  226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were estimated to be 62, 78.35, 227.17 Bq/kg respectively for kigo road new extension respectively. Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent were also calculated for assessment of radiological risk. External hazard value (Hex) is between 0.3163 and 0.9557 and Internal hazard value is between 0.4462 and 1.1618. The worldwide average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from various studies around the world have values of 37, 30 and 400 Bq/kg respectively [UNSCEAR, 2000]. The values compared well with published data from UNSCEAR shows Ra-226, Th-232 from the location are well above the standards while K-40 below the risk value.

Comparing of the Natural Radioactivity in Soil Samples of University at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen Sites of Kerbala, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract: Radioactivity must be studied in soil to see the changes in the doses of human exposure. In this study, natural radioactivity and radiological hazard indices in soil samples of the Faculty of Agriculture (Al-Husseineya site) and the Faculty of Medicine (Al-Mothafeen site) in Kerbala Governorate were determined using gamma-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the mean values of specific activity (in units of Bq/kg) and standard errors of: 238U, 232Th and 40K at Al-Husseineya site was 21.7±7.2, 9.43±3.2 and 335.8±82.2, respectively, while at Al-Mothafeen site, the mean values and standard errors were 22.4±8.8, 11.2±3.3 and 333.1±70.7, respectively. Radiation maps of natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) at Al-Husseineya and Al-Mothafeen sites were mapped using geographic information system (GIS) technology. Moreover, most results in the present study fall within the acceptable levels, as defined by OCDE, UNSCEAR and ICRP. Therefore, there is no significant radiological hazard at the sites which were studied. Keywords: Radiological hazard, Natural radioactivity, Soil, NaI (Tl), Gamma-ray, Karbela University.

scholarly journals Assessment of Natural Radioactivity for Some Secondary Ceilings Samples in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Ali Saeed Al Rmahi ◽  
Ali Abid Abojassim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract This research focuses on measuring of specific activity of natural radioactive sources (238U, 232Th and 40K) in some types of secondary ceilings that used as a decorate material and available in Iraqi markets. The measurements were done using gamma ray spectroscopy system that based on NaI(Tl) Detector. Also, the radiological hazard indices have been assessed for all samples in present study. The results show that the specific activity vary from 8.7±0.6 to 32.9±2.3 Bq/kg for 238U, 2.9±0.2 to 40.3±1.5 Bq/kg for 232Th, and 117.4±2.6 to 649.1±7.9Bq/kg for 40K. The latter levels were compared with the world mean values that reported by the UNSCEAR 2008. It was found that all values of 238U and 232Th were below the world wide published values, while the values of only two samples of 40K were above the upper range of the world wide published values. Regarding the average values of radiological hazard risk were found to be within the permissible limit according to the OECD, UNSCEAR 2000, and ICRP. It can be concluded that natural radioactivity levels together with radiological hazard risk studied from the most of the secondary ceilings samples available in local markets of Iraq within natural rates of permissible limits and may not cause any danger to the human when being used.

scholarly journals Radioactivity, Metals Pollution and Mineralogy Assessment of a Beach Stretch from the Ionian Coast of Calabria (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12147
Author(s):  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Giuseppe Paladini ◽  
Valentina Venuti ◽  
Vincenza Crupi ◽  
Salvatore Procopio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metals Pollution

In the present article, a case study is reported regarding an investigation carried out in order to assess radioactivity concentration, heavy metals pollution and mineralogy of a beach stretch extending from Soverato to Squillace municipalities of the Ionian coast of Calabria, South of Italy, a popular tourist destination, especially in summer. The analysis of radionuclides contents was performed by using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector, in order to quantify the average specific activity of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K natural radionuclides and 137Cs anthropogenic radioisotope. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose equivalent radiological hazard indices were also estimated. Furthermore, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry measurements were carried out for the quantitative elemental analysis of the sand, in order to investigate any possible chemical pollution by heavy metals. For this aim, different indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were applied to estimate the level of toxicity imposed on the ecosystem by the detected heavy metals. Finally, in order to identify the crystalline mineral components of the investigated sand samples, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Micro-Raman Scattering (MRS) measurements were carried out.

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