Changes in Hepatic Metabolism of Rattus norvegicus Infected to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda) and Exposed to Glyphosate-Based Herbicide

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Braga BV ◽  
◽  
Garcia JS ◽  
Simões RO ◽  
Silva JSP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
On Farm

Helminth infection associated with exposure to pesticides has received little attention regarding its effect on the human population and on farm and wild animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects a glyphosate-based herbicide on the hepatic and glycemic metabolism of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Experimental groups were orally infected with 50 L3 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposed to the herbicide after and before the infection. Biochemical serum analyses were carried out to determine the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin (TB), total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and hepatic glycogen. All exposed groups showed an increase in the concentration of glycogen, AST, ALT and TB, the last ones suggesting liver tissue damage. Exposure to the herbicide caused hyperalbuminemia as an antioxidant response to the herbicide. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how glyphosate-based herbicides can change the hepatic metabolism the vertebrate and to influence the parasite-host relationship.

scholarly journals Glycogen synthesis in the perfused liver of adrenalectomized rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Whitton ◽  
D A Hems
Keyword(s):  
Intact Animal ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

1. A total loss of capacity for net glycogen synthesis was observed in experiments with the perfused liver of starved adrenalectomized rats. 2. This lesion was corrected by insulin or cortisol in vivo (over 2-5h), but not by any agent tested in perfusion. 3. The activity of glycogen synthetase a, and its increase during perfusion, in the presence of glucose plus glucogenic substrates, were proportional to the rate of net glycogen accumulation. 4. This complete inherent loss of capacity for glycogen synthesis after adrenalectomy is greater than any defect in hepatic metabolism yet reported in this situation, and is not explicable by a decrease in the rate of gluconegenesis (which supports glycogen synthesis in the liver of starved rats). The short-term (2-5h) stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids in the intact animal, on hepatic glycogen deposition, may be mediated partly through insulin action, although neither insulin or cortisol appear to act directly on the liver to stimulate glycogen synthesis.

scholarly journals Enzootic Hepatic Capillariasis (Calodium hepaticum) in Street Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from Marseille City, France

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Cédric Roqueplo ◽  
Hubert Lepidi ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Jean-Lou Marié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Human Population ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Public Health Risks ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Calodium Hepaticum ◽  
The City ◽  
Hepatic Capillariasis

Hepatic capillariasis is a rare and neglected zoonosis affecting wild and synanthropic small rodents. It is caused by infection with Calodium hepaticum in liver. Despite the worldwide distribution of the host Rattus norvegicus (brown or street rats) in the urban area, the epidemiological status of this parasitosis remains unknown. In the present study, we examined a total of 27 brown rats from the city centre and a garden (four km from the city centre) of Marseille, France. All rats were autopsied and 52% showed the presence of C. hepaticum eggs in the liver. This result draws general attention to public health risks, since street rats are living near the human population.

scholarly journals Conservation in Malawi—Old and New

Oryx ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Fivefold Increase

When the white man came to Nyasaland—now Malawi—the country teemed with wildlife. The next hundred years saw a fivefold increase in the human population and an immense depletion of the wild animals. Today, although protected only in the five national parks and three game sanctuaries, the wildlife is again increasing, and the main tasks are to develop the reserves and educate the young especially to value them.

scholarly journals Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Wild Birds and Rodents in Close Proximity to Farms

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 6944-6947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M�ller Nielsen ◽  
Marianne N. Skov ◽  
Jesper J. Madsen ◽  
Jens Lodal ◽  
J�rgen Br�chner Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Norway Rat ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Close Proximity

ABSTRACT Wild animals living close to cattle and pig farms (four each) were examined for verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC; also known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli). The prevalence of VTEC among the 260 samples from wild animals was generally low. However, VTEC isolates from a starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and a Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) were identical to cattle isolates from the corresponding farms with respect to serotype, virulence profile, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type. This study shows that wild birds and rodents may become infected from farm animals or vice versa, suggesting a possible role in VTEC transmission.

scholarly journals Physical training reverses changes in hepatic mitochondrial diameter of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Keine Kuga ◽  
Rafael Calais Gaspar ◽  
Vitor Rosetto Muñoz ◽  
Susana Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari ◽  
Leonardo Breda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Training Protocol

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the effects of physical training on metabolic and morphological parameters of diabetic rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into four groups: sedentary control, trained control, sedentary diabetic and trained diabetic. Diabetes mellitus was induced by Alloxan (35mg/kg) administration for sedentary diabetic and Trained Diabetic Groups. The exercise protocol consisted of swimming with a load of 2.5% of body weight for 60 minutes per day (5 days per week) for the trained control and Trained Diabetic Groups, during 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood was collected for determinations of serum glucose, insulin, albumin and total protein. Liver samples were extracted for measurements of glycogen, protein, DNA and mitochondrial diameter determination. Results The sedentary diabetic animals presented decreased body weight, blood insulin, and hepatic glycogen, as well as increased glycemia and mitochondrial diameter. The physical training protocol in diabetic animals was efficient to recovery body weight and liver glycogen, and to decrease the hepatic mitochondrial diameter. Conclusion Physical training ameliorated hepatic metabolism and promoted important morphologic adaptations as mitochondrial diameter in liver of the diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Micronuclei in Bone Marrow and Liver in relation to Hepatic Metabolism and Antioxidant Response due to Coexposure to Chloroform, Dichloromethane, and Toluene in the Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Belmont-Díaz ◽  
Ana Paulina López-Gordillo ◽  
Eunice Molina Garduño ◽  
Luis Serrano-García ◽  
Elvia Coballase-Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Metabolism Enzymes ◽  
Electrophilic Metabolites

Genotoxicity in cells may occur in different ways, direct interaction, production of electrophilic metabolites, and secondary genotoxicity via oxidative stress. Chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene are primarily metabolized in liver by CYP2E1, producing reactive electrophilic metabolites, and may also produce oxidative stress via the uncoupled CYP2E1 catalytic cycle. Additionally, GSTT1 also participates in dichloromethane activation. Despite the oxidative metabolism of these compounds and the production of oxidative adducts, their genotoxicity in the bone marrow micronucleus test is unclear. The objective of this work was to analyze whether the oxidative metabolism induced by the coexposure to these compounds would account for increased micronucleus frequency. We used an approach including the analysis of phase I, phase II, and antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, and micronuclei in bone marrow (MNPCE) and hepatocytes (MNHEP). Rats were administered different doses of an artificial mixture of CLF/DCM/TOL, under two regimes. After one administration MNPCE frequency increased in correlation with induced GSTT1 activity and no oxidative stress occurred. Conversely, after three-day treatments oxidative stress was observed, without genotoxicity. The effects observed indicate that MNPCE by the coexposure to these VOCs could be increased via inducing the activity of metabolism enzymes.

scholarly journals Metabolic and histopathological profile of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) experimentally infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935)

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juberlan Silva Garcia ◽  
Camila dos Santos Lúcio ◽  
Tatiane Cristina dos Santos Bonfim ◽  
Arnaldo Maldonado Junior ◽  
Victor Menezes Tunholi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis

scholarly journals FINDINGS OF THE ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPILUM GENOME IN TICKS FROM VOJVODINA AREA, SERBIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
Sara Savić ◽  
Živoslav Grgić ◽  
Branislav Lako ◽  
Vuk Vračar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Autonomous Province

Ticks are vectors for many infectious diseases and represent a constant threat to human population and other animals, especially with respect to zoonoses. Th e cause of granulocyte anaplasmosis Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium that infects people as well as various domestic and wild animals. Th e agent is spread worldwide, persisting in the natural environment through an enzootic circle between ticks and their hosting vertebrae. Th e aim of this paper is to demonstrate the distribution of ticks’ infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Ticks were collected at ten locations in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, which are a rural habitat for ticks. By applying the nested PCR method, the ticks were examined for the presence of specifi c DNA p44/msp2 Anaplasma phagocytphilum. Of the ten examined pools of ticks collected in the area of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, the presence of genome of the agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum was confi rmed in six pools applying the PCR method. In five pools of ticks of the species Ixodes ricinus, presence of agent Anaplasma phagocytophilum was confi rmed. Th ese ticks were found at the following locations: Poplar Research Institute (2 locations), Fruška gora (2 locations) Poloj-forest Bačka Palanka (1 location). In one pool of ticks of the species Dermacentor reticulatus from the location Poloj-forest Bačka Palanka, we confi rmed the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum genome. This infection can be a problem for public health, so further and more comprehensive acharological and epidemiological research is necessary in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Outbreak and the Mathematical Growth Map of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Md. Kamrujjaman ◽  
Md. Shahriar Mahmud ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Growth Functions ◽  
The World

In the last two decades the world had faced three respiratory syndrome outbreaks incurred by Coronavirus. Though the wild animals are the primary carriers of the virus, the human population managed to survive sacrificing more than 1,600 lives from 2002 to 2012. But the current virus outbreak has already taken more than 2,462 lives since 22 February 2020. In the first few days, when the cases were being introduced under light, there were no treatment for the infection and the unleashed spread demands to be analyzed to see the pattern of the outbreak. This manuscript aims to look into the growth map of the COVID-19 outbreak under mathematical growth functions and tries to understand which growth pattern assembles the scenario for the cases.

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