Quantitative Analysis of the Relationship between Maxillary Incisors and the Incisive Canal by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in an Adult Population of Mangaluru

Background: Maxillary anterior teeth play a crucial role in aesthetics, phonetics, and mastication. For successful orthodontic treatment evaluating the morphology of the alveolar bone and incisive canal would help in avoiding root resorption, dehiscence, and fenestration. This study is aimed to research the configurational relationships among maxillary incisors, alveolar bone, and incisive canal through Cone Beam Computerated Tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 35 orthodontic patients were evaluated for length of the canal (L); angles between the palatal plane and the maxillary alveolar border (01),the incisive canal (02), and maxillary incisor (03); distance from the right maxillary incisor to the incisive canal (D). All the measurements were performed on sagittal plane with the exception of (D) which was made on axial plane. Statistical analysis was performed on the above parameters using two sample test and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between males and females for all the variables although there were large interindividual variation. There was a positive moderate correlation between 01 and 02 (0.480), 01 and 03 (0.487), 02 and 03 (0.345). The mean value for L and D were 10.38mm and 4.14mm respectively. Conclusion: There exists a large interindividual variability for incisive canal, proximity of incisors with that of incisive canal which could not be precisely predicted by the conventional cephalograms. The results of the study could be helpful clinically in planning orthodontic treatment for significant intrusion and retraction of maxillary incisors

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Predisposing factors to severe external root resorption associated to orthodontic treatment

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000100022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 110-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Predisposing Factors ◽

Crown Root ◽

External Root Resorption ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposing factors among patients who developed moderate or severe external root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4), on the maxillary incisors, during fixed orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed edgewise appliances were selected. Patients were divided into two groups: G1 - 50 patients with no root resorption or presenting only apical irregularities (Malmgren's grades 0 and 1) at the end of the treatment, with mean initial age of 16.79 years and mean treatment time of 3.21 years; G2 - 49 patients presenting moderate or severe root resorption (Malmgren's grades 3 and 4) at the end of treatment on the maxillary incisors, with mean initial age of 19.92 years and mean treatment time of 3.98 years. Periapical radiographs and lateral cephalograms were evaluated. Factors that could influence the occurrence of severe root resorption were also recorded. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test and independent t tests. RESULTS: The results demonstrated significant difference between the groups for the variables: Extractions, initial degree of root resorption, root length and crown/root ratio at the beginning, and cortical thickness of the alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that: Presence of root resorption before the beginning of treatment, extractions, reduced root length, decreased crown/root ratio and thin alveolar bone represent risk factors for severe root resorption in maxillary incisors during orthodontic treatment.

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Outcome of periodontal–orthodontic treatment in subjects with periodontal disease. Part II: a CBCT study of alveolar bone level changes

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 565-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eglė Zasčiurinskienė ◽

Henrik Lund ◽

Rune Lindsten ◽

Henrik Jansson ◽

Krister Bjerklin

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bone Level ◽

Maxillary Incisors

Abstract Aim To examine alveolar bone level (ABL) changes before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment (OT) in subjects with periodontal disease. Methods The study included 50 subjects with periodontal disease. All patients received subgingival debridement following baseline examination. Control group patients received final periodontal treatment before the start of OT. For the test group patients final periodontal treatment was performed simultaneous to OT. OT was performed with a straight-wire appliance. Micro-implants or temporary crowns on implants were used for posterior anchorage when needed. ABL measurements of 3821 tooth surfaces were performed on cone beam computed tomography images. Results No difference was observed between mean ABL at T1 and T2. ABL remained unchanged on 69 per cent of surfaces. A mean of 15.6 (SD 7.4) per cent of surfaces experienced ABL gain, and a mean of 15.1 (SD 7.5) per cent was found with ABL loss. Small significant median ABL difference was observed on mesial and distal surfaces (P < 0.001). A significant difference was found between median ABL changes on mesial/distal in comparison to buccal/lingual surfaces (P < 0.01). Significantly more buccal (17.9 %) and lingual (18.5 %) surfaces experienced ABL loss when compared with mesial (11.3 %) and distal (12.0 %) surfaces (P < 0.001). Significant difference was found in the median ABL change of intruded (0.5 (IQR 0.94) mm) and non-intruded (−0.4 (IQR 1.07) mm) maxillary incisors (P = 0.04). Significant median ABL gain was found on the lingual surface of maxillary incisors, which were retroclined more than 8.6 degree and intruded more than 1.6 mm. Conclusions ABL changes after periodontal–orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease were small. ABL gain was more observed on mesial and distal surfaces and ABL loss on buccal and lingual surfaces. Larger orthodontic movements of maxillary incisors influenced ABL gain.

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Study on the Cure Rate of Invisible Headgear Orthodontic Opening Deep Occlusion of Anterior Teeth

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v5i3.1985 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Longfeng Wang

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Objective: To explore the cure rate of bracketless invisible headgear orthodontic for opening deep occlusion of anterior teeth. Methods: 10 cases with deep occlusion of anterior teeth were selected. All of the patients were admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. All selected patients received bracketless invisible headgear orthodontic treatment. We took CBCT (cone beam CT) before and after orthodontics) lateral cranial radiographs and curved tomographic radiographs to analyze the effect of orthodontic treatment in 10 patients. Results: The changes of 10 patients before and after the orthodontic treatment were not significant in U1-SN, U6-SN, MP-FH (P>0.05); the U1-PP of the patients all decreased by 3~5mm. Compared with the effect before orthodontic treatment, the difference is significance(P<0.05); The tooth loosening didn’t occur obviously in 10 patients. And 2 patients (20.00%) had mild root resorption in the anterior teeth. Conclusion: The effect of invisible headgear orthodontic treatment without brackets is significant in orthodontic treatment of patients with deep occlusion of anterior teeth. The pressure of the upper anterior teeth can reach as low as 3~5mm. The cure rate of deep occlusion of open anterior teeth is high. The orthodontic method is comfortable, with beautiful appearance, which is easier to be accepted by patients.

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Root resorption in orthodontic treatment with application of aligners. A retrospective study using cone-beam computed tomography

Стоматология для всех ◽

10.35556/idr-2019-4(89)46-50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 46-50

Author(s):

N.D. Pilipenko ◽

S.Yu. Maksyukov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cortical Plate ◽

Average Value ◽

Absolute Reduction ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Maxillary Incisors ◽

The Difference

he aim of this work is to study the coverage and severity of the inflammatory resorption of the root of the maxillary incisors caused by orthodontic treatment with aligners using CBCT to determine possible risk factors. Measurement of the length of the root of the maxillary incisors was carried out on orthodontic images of CBCT in the pre- and post-therapeutic periods in 80 patients who received complex orthodontic treatment with aligners The average value of the absolute reduction of the root length varied between 0.47±.061 mm and 0.55±0.70 mm, and the difference between the central and lateral upper incisors was not significant. The defeat of the root reduction of more than 25%, amounted to 1.25% of cases. Potential risk factors included gender, malocclusion, crowding of teeth, and the approach of the tops of the roots of the teeth to the cortical plate in the post-therapeutic period. Complex treatment with aligners gives minimal root resorption. Sex, malocclusion, crowding of teeth, and the approach of the tops of the roots of the teeth to the cortical plate in the post-therapeutic period significantly affect the likelihood of changes in the length of the root.

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Morphometric evaluation of changes in the alveolar bone and roots of the maxillary anterior teeth before and after en masse retraction using cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/041812-325.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 212-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Hyo-Won Ahn ◽

Sung Chul Moon ◽

Seung-Hak Baek

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Labial Side ◽

En Masse Retraction ◽

Total P

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the morphometric changes in the alveolar bone and roots of the maxillary anterior teeth (MXAT) after en masse retraction with maximum anchorage (EMR-MA). Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of 37 female adult patients who had Class I dentoalveolar protrusion (CI-DAP) and were treated by extraction of the first premolars and EMR-MA. Using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography taken before treatment and after space closure, the maxillary central incisors (MXCI, N = 66), lateral incisors (MXLI, N = 69), and canines (MXC, N = 69) were superimposed using individual reference planes. After alveolar bone area (ABA), vertical bone level (VBL), root length (RL), root area (RA), and prevalence of dehiscence (PD) were measured at the cervical, middle, and apical levels, statistical analyses were performed. Results: On the palatal side, ABA significantly decreased in all levels of MXAT (P < .001; middle of MXC, P < .01). MXCI and MXLI exhibited a greater decrease in the ratio of change in palatal ABA than did MXC (cervical, P < .01; middle and apical, P < .05; total, P < .001). Palatal/labial ABA ratios decreased in MXCI (cervical, middle, total, P < .001; apical, P < .05) and MXLI (cervical, P < .001; apical, P < .05). They showed greater amounts and ratios of change in VBL on the palatal side compared to the labial side (all P < .001). The palatal side showed more PD in the cervical area than did the labial side (MXCI and MXLI, P < .001; MXC, P < .01). Significant root resorption occurred in MXAT (RL and RA, all P < .001). Conclusions: During EMR-MA in cases with CI-DAP, ABA and VBL on the palatal side and RL and RA of MXCI and MXLI were significantly decreased.

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Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months and at the end of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/042012-332.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dimitrios Makedonas ◽

Henrik Lund ◽

Ken Hansen

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Fixed Appliances

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of orthodontically induced root resorption after treatment and the correlation with resorption found after 6 months of treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-six patients (11–18 years) treated with fixed appliances and extraction of four premolars were examined with cone beam computed tomography before treatment, after 6 months of treatment (n = 97), and at the end of active treatment. The Malmgren Index was used to describe the degree of root resorption. Results: Severe root resorption (>2 mm, score 3) was found in 25.6% of the patients at the end of treatment. Extreme root resorption was found in one patient. Root resorption was seen more frequently in the maxillary incisor region. There was no correlation between the severity of root resorption after 6 months and the amount observed at the end of treatment. Furthermore, no correlation was seen between treatment duration and the severity of root resorption. Conclusions: Clinically significant resorption was diagnosed in 25.6% of the patients, but no correlations, either with the resorption seen after 6 months or with the length of treatment, were found. Radiographic examination after 3 to 6 months of orthodontic treatment is too early and will not reduce the number of patients who will have teeth with severe root resorption.

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Comparison of the changes of alveolar bone thickness in maxillary incisor area in extraction and non-extraction cases: computerized tomography evaluation

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/s2176-94512013000500016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paulo Roberto Barroso Picanço ◽

Fabricio Pinelli Valarelli ◽

Rodrigo Hermont Cançado ◽

Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ◽

Gracemia Vasconcelos Picanço

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Treatment Length ◽

Space Closure ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Maxillary Incisors

OBJECTIVE: To compare, through computed tomography, alveolar bone thickness changes at the maxillary incisors area during orthodontic treatment with and without tooth extraction. METHODS: Twelve patients were evaluated. They were divided into 2 groups: G1 - 6 patients treated with extraction of right and left maxillary first premolars, with mean initial age of 15.83 years and mean treatment length of 2.53 years; G2 - 6 patients treated without extraction, with mean initial age of 18.26 years and mean treatment length of 2.39 years. Computed tomographies, lateral cephalograms and periapical radiographs were used at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and 18 months after the treatment had started (T2). Extraction space closure occurred in the extraction cases. Intragroup and intergroup comparisons were performed by dependent and independent t test, respectively. RESULTS: In G1, the central incisor was retracted and uprighted, while in G2 this tooth showed vestibularization. Additionally, G1 presented a higher increase of labial alveolar bone thickness at the cervical third in comparison with G2. The incidence of root resorption did not present significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: There were no changes in alveolar bone thickness when extraction and nonextraction cases were compared, except for the labial alveolar bone thickness at the cervical third of maxillary incisors.

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Volumetric evaluation of root resorption on the upper incisors using cone beam computed tomography after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with marginal bone loss

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/121717-868.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 710-718 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pornputthi Puttaravuttiporn ◽

Mutita Wongsuwanlert ◽

Chairat Charoemratrote ◽

Chidchanok Leethanakul

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Volume Loss ◽

Root Volume

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine upper incisor root resorption, volume loss, and the relationship between root volume loss and tooth movement after 1 year of orthodontic treatment in patients with marginal bone loss.Materials and Methods:A total of 30 women (46.3 ± 5.4 years old) with moderate upper incisor bone loss who required intrusion during orthodontic treatment were recruited. Pre- and post-treatment cone beam computed tomography images were reconstructed. Upper incisors at pre- and post-treatment were superimposed; labio- and palato-apical, middle, and coronal third root volumes were assessed. Tooth movement and alveolar bone height were measured from lateral cephalometric radiographs and cone beam computed tomography. Changes in root volume/alveolar bone height were compared using paired-sample t-tests, percentage root volume loss for each tooth/segment was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance, and the relationship between percentage root loss and degree of tooth movement was assessed by linear regression.Results:Mean root volume significantly decreased on the labio- and palato-apical aspects of 12 and labio-apical aspects of 21 and 22 (P ≤ .024). Palato-apical segment volume loss was greater on lateral than central incisors (P ≤ .016). Two-dimensional root length and cementoenamel junction-bone crest distance did not change between T0 and T1, with no significant relationship between tooth movement amount and percentage root volume loss.Conclusions:Delivery of 40 g intrusive force to the four upper incisors using a T-loop and the leveling phase lead to more apical root volume loss on lateral than central incisors. There was no relationship between extent of tooth movement and upper incisor root volume loss.

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Comparison of Root Resorption in Endodontically and Non-Endodontically Treated Teeth in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Treatment during 2009-2018

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v27i9.2311 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehri Esfandiar ◽

Maryam Sadat Seidaie ◽

Mahdi Tabrizizade ◽

Hossein Aghili ◽

Narjes Hoshyari

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Dental Offices

Introduction: Apical root Resorption is a common occurrence during fixed orthodontic treatment. This study used panoramic radiographs to compare the rate of root resorption in endodontically-treated and non-endodontically-treated roots. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, panoramic radiographs of 20 patients aged 11-18 years with Class I Crowding and Class II Mild Skeletal malocclusions and with one or more endodontically-treated maxillary anterior teeth in one side and corresponding non-endodontically-treated teeth on the other side of the jaw were selected. They had presented to Dental School of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and private dental offices in Yazd. All panoramic radiographs of central and lateral maxillary incisors obtained before and after treatment were scanned and displayed on a large monitor with X2 magnification. In this way, the real magnitude of root degeneration was estimated by comparing the root heights in the pre- and post-treatment radiographs. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 and T-test. Results: The findings showed that the greatest rate of root resorption was observed in the upper maxillary lateral incisors of endodontically-treated teeth by 1 mm and in maxillary lateral incisors of the non-endodontically-treated teeth by 1.5 mm. The mean root resorption was 0.325 mm in the endodontically-treated teeth and 1.025 mm in the non-endodontically treated teeth with a statistically significant difference (P>0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that root resorption was smaller after treatment in endodontically-treated teeth than non-endodontically-treated teeth.

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Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1261 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽

Alvaro Henrique Borges ◽

Matheus Coelho Bandéca ◽

Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato ◽

Thais Marchini Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Development Stage ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Impacted Canines ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Maxillary Incisors ◽

One Year

ABSTRACT When root resorption of incisors occurs due to impaction of maxillary canines, several factors interfere in the treatment plan, such as the location and severity of root resorption, canine position, lack of space and dental development stage. The case of severe root resorption of permanent maxillary incisors caused by bilaterally impacted permanent maxillary canines and its multidisciplinary therapeutic approach in a 12-year-old girl is presented. After clinical and imaging examination, a treatment plan was outlined including preservation of primary canines, extraction of the permanent maxillary right canine and permanent maxillary left lateral incisor followed by its replacement with the orthodontically tractioned permanent canine and esthetic restoration of the permanent maxillary anterior teeth. One year after treatment, the result was satisfactory and the remaining teeth were still asymptomatic. The risk of root resorption in children with impacted permanent maxillary canines should not be neglected thus reducing subsequent complications. How to cite this article de Campos Neves ATS, Volpato LER, Oliveira TM, Palma VC, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC, Borges AH. Root Resorption of Maxillary Incisors caused by Bilaterally Impacted Canines: An Evaluation by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2014;5(1):67-71.

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