scholarly journals Hydrophobic Biomimetic Nanoparticles drives Size-dependent Remodelling in Asymmetric Bilayers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Noh ◽  
Rebecca Notman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Membrane Fission ◽  
Micelle Structure ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Biomimetic Nanoparticles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mixed Bilayer

The interactions between heterogeneous components in a biomimetic bilayer can control its physical properties such as its rigidity, local and bulk curvature and propensity towards phenomena such as membrane fission and fusion. In particular, nanoparticles (NPs) have been subjects of intense interest due to their similar scale to the bilayer width and its ability to affect local membrane structure. Generally, it is understood that hydrophobic components are energetically favoured to adsorb within the hydrophobic interior of a biomimetic bilayer. However, how such NPs interact in the presence of heterogeneous aggregates in the bilayer has been the subject of much debate. To better understand the effects of the integration of nanoscale components on heterogeneous mixed bilayer, we have simulated a series of generic hydrophobic NPs interacting with a phase-separating two-component surfactant bilayer. We find that the hydrophobic NP tends to aggregate at the phase interface, acting as a line tension relaxant i.e. a lineactant on the phase separated interface, which results in a variety of demixing behavior. We demonstrate that depending on the size of the NP, the localized softening of surfactants and the formation of a mixing gradient of surfactants can drive the a cap/bud formation around the NP, as well as the formation of a NP-micelle structure<br>

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Biomimetic Nanoparticles drives Size-dependent Remodelling in Asymmetric Bilayers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Noh ◽  
Rebecca Notman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Membrane Fission ◽  
Micelle Structure ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Biomimetic Nanoparticles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mixed Bilayer

The interactions between heterogeneous components in a biomimetic bilayer can control its physical properties such as its rigidity, local and bulk curvature and propensity towards phenomena such as membrane fission and fusion. In particular, nanoparticles (NPs) have been subjects of intense interest due to their similar scale to the bilayer width and its ability to affect local membrane structure. Generally, it is understood that hydrophobic components are energetically favoured to adsorb within the hydrophobic interior of a biomimetic bilayer. However, how such NPs interact in the presence of heterogeneous aggregates in the bilayer has been the subject of much debate. To better understand the effects of the integration of nanoscale components on heterogeneous mixed bilayer, we have simulated a series of generic hydrophobic NPs interacting with a phase-separating two-component surfactant bilayer. We find that the hydrophobic NP tends to aggregate at the phase interface, acting as a line tension relaxant i.e. a lineactant on the phase separated interface, which results in a variety of demixing behavior. We demonstrate that depending on the size of the NP, the localized softening of surfactants and the formation of a mixing gradient of surfactants can drive the a cap/bud formation around the NP, as well as the formation of a NP-micelle structure<br>

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Drives Size-Dependent Remodelling in Asymmetric Bilayers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Noh ◽  
Rebecca Notman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Membrane Fission ◽  
Micelle Structure ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Subject

The interactions between heterogeneous components in a biomimetic bilayer controls its physical properties such as its rigidity, local and bulk curvature and propensity towards phenomena such as membrane fission and fusion. In particular, membrane proteins (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have been subjects of intense interest due to their similar scale to the bilayer width and because of their ability to affect local membrane structure. However, how such NPs interact in the presence of heterogeneous aggregates in the bilayer has been the subject of much debate, especially its effect on raft-like structures. To better understand the effects of hydrophobic integration of nanoscale components on such raft-like structures, we have simulated a series of generic hydrophobic NPs interacting with a phase-separating two-component surfactant bilayer. We find that the hydrophobic NP tends to aggregate at the phase interface, acting as a line tension relaxant i.e. a lineactant on the phase separated interface, which results in differing demixing behavior. In particular, we demonstrate that depending on the size of the NP, the effect of the line tension can drive the a cap/bud formation around the NP, ultimately resulting in the formation of a NP-micelle structure.<br><br>

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Drives Size-Dependent Remodelling in Asymmetric Bilayers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Noh ◽  
Rebecca Notman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Membrane Fission ◽  
Micelle Structure ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Subject

The interactions between heterogeneous components in a biomimetic bilayer controls its physical properties such as its rigidity, local and bulk curvature and propensity towards phenomena such as membrane fission and fusion. In particular, membrane proteins (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have been subjects of intense interest due to their similar scale to the bilayer width and because of their ability to affect local membrane structure. However, how such NPs interact in the presence of heterogeneous aggregates in the bilayer has been the subject of much debate, especially its effect on raft-like structures. To better understand the effects of hydrophobic integration of nanoscale components on such raft-like structures, we have simulated a series of generic hydrophobic NPs interacting with a phase-separating two-component surfactant bilayer. We find that the hydrophobic NP tends to aggregate at the phase interface, acting as a line tension relaxant i.e. a lineactant on the phase separated interface, which results in differing demixing behavior. In particular, we demonstrate that depending on the size of the NP, the effect of the line tension can drive the a cap/bud formation around the NP, ultimately resulting in the formation of a NP-micelle structure.<br><br>

scholarly journals Size-Dependent Submerging of Nanoparticles in Polymer Melts: Effect of Line Tension

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanqiu Liu ◽  
Anupam Pandey ◽  
Joost Duvigneau ◽  
Julius Vancso ◽  
Jacco H. Snoeijer
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Size Dependent

scholarly journals The production of artificial vowel sounds

1923 ◽  
Vol 102 (719) ◽  
pp. 752-765 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Subject

Observations by ear made by the writer indicated that each of the vowel sounds in his own voice consisted, when breathed ( i. e . without phonation), of two component notes due to resonances in the oral cavity. The resonances observed—which are given to the nearest semitone—are set out in the accompanying Table or Chart, and a description of the observa­tions which it summarises forms the subject of a separate communication to the ‘Journal of the International Phonetics Association.'

The ways of expressing attributive possession in Ket: possessive syntactic constructions

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-251
Author(s):  
S. S. Butorin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Models ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Possessive Constructions ◽  
Two Component ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Multiple Component ◽  
Semantic Scope ◽  
Derivation Process

The paper analyzes the structural models of Ket possessive constructions. The means of ex-pressing possessive construction components and the ways of marking possessive relations between the first possessive construction component denoting the subject of possession (a possessor) and the second component indicating the object of possession (a possessum) are considered. The study is based on the conception proposed by E. Vajda, according to which the possessive markers are possessive pronominal clitics, used as either clitics or proclitics, depending on the context. Two-component and multiple-component constructions are identi-fied. The two-component constructions contain a possessor, a possessum, and a linking mark-er, the semantic scope of which is a possessum. The non-expanded and expanded possessive constructions are analyzed. Both the first and the second substantive component of the two-component construction may be expanded by an attribute. The two-component constructions having a possessor expanded by an attribute are characterized by a distant ordering of a pos-sessor noun and a possessum noun, including distant positions of a possessive proclitic and a possessum noun. The derivative processes of transforming possessive constructions are con-sidered. The rising derivation process consists of embedding one more possessor into the con-struction with an original possessor. Both possessors are marked by appropriate possessive pronominal clitics. It is found that in Ket, the recessive derivation of omitting a possessor noun expressed by a personal pronoun stem is available as well, resulting in a construction with a non-expressed (omitted) possessor. The corresponding possessive pronominal clitic attaching proclitically to possessum noun is overtly retained at the surface morphosyntactic level.

scholarly journals Size-Dependent Expression of the Mitotic Activator Cdc25 as a Mechanism of Size Control in Fission Yeast

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Keifenheim ◽  
Xi-Ming Sun ◽  
Edridge D'Souza ◽  
Makoto J. Ohira ◽  
Mira Magner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Population Average ◽  
The Subject

SummaryProper cell size is essential for cellular function (Hall et al., 2004). Nonetheless, despite more than 100 years of work on the subject, the mechanisms that maintain cell size homeostasis are largely mysterious (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells in growing populations maintain cell size within a narrow range by coordinating growth and division. Bacterial and eukaryotic cells both demonstrate homeostatic size control, which maintains population-level variation in cell size within a certain range, and returns the population average to that range if it is perturbed (Marshall et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2012; Amodeo and Skotheim, 2015). Recent work has proposed two different strategies for size control: budding yeast has been proposed to use an inhibitor-dilution strategy to regulate size at the G1/S transition (Schmoller et al., 2015), while bacteria appear to use an adder strategy, in which a fixed amount of growth each generation causes cell size to converge on a stable average, a mechanism also suggested for budding yeast (Campos et al., 2014; Jun and Taheri-Araghi, 2015; Taheri-Araghi et al., 2015; Tanouchi et al., 2015; Soifer et al., 2016). Here we present evidence that cell size in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is regulated by a third strategy: the size dependent expression of the mitotic activator Cdc25. The cdc25 transcript levels are regulated such that smaller cells express less Cdc25 and larger cells express more Cdc25, creating an increasing concentration of Cdc25 as cell grow and providing a mechanism for cell to trigger cell division when they reach a threshold concentration of Cdc25. Since regulation of mitotic entry by Cdc25 is well conserved, this mechanism may provide a wide spread solution to the problem of size control in eukaryotes.

Size-dependent behavior and failure of young’s equation for wetting of two-component nanodroplets

2020 ◽  
Vol 578 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ting Cheng ◽  
Kang-Ching Chu ◽  
Heng-Kwong Tsao ◽  
Yu-Jane Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Size Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Young's Equation

scholarly journals Compact nanoscale textures reduce contact time of bouncing droplets

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. eabb2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Ruoxi Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Tak-Sing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fraction ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Line Tension ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
High Solid ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
High Solid Fraction ◽  
Texture Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nanoscale Textures

Many natural surfaces are capable of rapidly shedding water droplets—a phenomenon that has been attributed to the presence of low solid fraction textures (Φs ~ 0.01). However, recent observations revealed the presence of unusually high solid fraction nanoscale textures (Φs ~ 0.25 to 0.64) on water-repellent insect surfaces, which cannot be explained by existing wetting theories. Here, we show that the contact time of bouncing droplets on high solid fraction surfaces can be reduced by reducing the texture size to ~100 nm. We demonstrated that the texture size–dependent contact time reduction could be attributed to the dominance of line tension on nanotextures and that compact arrangement of nanotextures is essential to withstand the impact pressure of raindrops. Our findings illustrate a potential survival strategy of insects to rapidly shed impacting raindrops, and suggest a previously unidentified design principle to engineering robust water-repellent materials for applications including miniaturized drones.

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