Phosphoryl- and Phosphonium-Bridged Viologens as Stable Two- and Three-Electron Acceptors for Organic Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bridges ◽  
Andryj M. Borys ◽  
Vanessa Béland ◽  
Joshua R. Gaffen ◽  
Thomas Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Organic Electrode ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
High Specific Energy

Low molecular weight organic molecules that can accept multiple electrons at high<br>reduction potentials are sought after as electrode materials for high-energy sustainable batteries. To date their synthesis has been difficult, and organic scaffolds for electron donors significantly outnumber electron acceptors. Herein, we report two highly electron deficient phosphaviologen derivatives from a phosphorus-bridged 4,4-bipyridine and characterize their electrochemical properties. Phosphaviologen sulfide (PVS) and P-methyl phosphaviologen (PVM) accept two and three electrons at high reduction potentials, respectively. PVM can reversibly accept 3 electrons between 3-3.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with an equivalent molecular weight of 102 g/(mol e-) (262 mAh/g), making it a promising scaffold for sustainable organic electrode materials having high specific energy densities.

Phosphoryl- and Phosphonium-Bridged Viologens as Stable Two- and Three-Electron Acceptors for Organic Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Bridges ◽  
Andryj M. Borys ◽  
Vanessa Béland ◽  
Joshua R. Gaffen ◽  
Thomas Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Organic Electrode ◽  
High Reduction ◽  
High Specific Energy

Low molecular weight organic molecules that can accept multiple electrons at high<br>reduction potentials are sought after as electrode materials for high-energy sustainable batteries. To date their synthesis has been difficult, and organic scaffolds for electron donors significantly outnumber electron acceptors. Herein, we report two highly electron deficient phosphaviologen derivatives from a phosphorus-bridged 4,4-bipyridine and characterize their electrochemical properties. Phosphaviologen sulfide (PVS) and P-methyl phosphaviologen (PVM) accept two and three electrons at high reduction potentials, respectively. PVM can reversibly accept 3 electrons between 3-3.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with an equivalent molecular weight of 102 g/(mol e-) (262 mAh/g), making it a promising scaffold for sustainable organic electrode materials having high specific energy densities.

Low Molecular Weight Hydrogel for Super Efficient Separation of Small Organic Molecules Based on Size Effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 11062-11068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjiang Jian ◽  
Ning Tao ◽  
Long Xu ◽  
Miaochang Liu ◽  
Xiaobo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Efficient Separation

The Effect of Exchangeable Cations on the Permeability of a Bentonite to Be Used in a Stabilization Pond Liner

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Büchler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Bentonite ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Cations ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Determining Factor

The organophilic nature of bentonites exchanged with quaternary ammonium cations is used in sanitary engineering for the adsorption of organic pollutants. This paper deals with five different quaternary ammonium cations: tetramethylammonium, trimethylstearylammonium (C18), dimethylbenzyllaurylammonium (C12), trimethylpalmitylammonium (C16) and dimethyldistearylammonium. A Brazilian bentonite was treated with the above cations and the adsorption of vinasse organics was measured through the total organic carbon present in solution. The results show that tetramethylammonium cation is the most effective of those tested to make sodium bentonite more organophilic and the behaviour follows a Freundlich isotherm. If the isotherms are plotted in milliequivalents of the cation over the weight of the sodium bentonite the present experiments did not show an appreciable difference in the quantity adsorbed. Therefore, if cost is a determining factor, low molecular weight cations should be chosen. The modified bentonites were characterized by the X-ray diffraction patterns. For high molecular weight cations the interlamelar spacing is close to 18 Å but for tetramethylammonium it is 13.5 Å. In any case the replacement of sodium by a quaternary ammonium cation increases the capacity of the clay to adsorb organic molecules.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites in Edible Species: Looking beyond Nutritional Value

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Ana M. L. Seca ◽  
Antoaneta Trendafilova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Being

Secondary metabolites are organic molecules of low molecular weight, biosynthesized by any living being using a wide range of biosynthetic pathways, known as secondary metabolism [...]

scholarly journals PLANT AND FOOD METABOLOMICS IN THE POST-GENOMIC ERA: CONCEPTS, METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Metabolite Pool ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Metabolite Target Analysis

The metabolome (by analogy to genome, transcriptome, proteome) represents generally the total metabolite pool of a living organism, the entire complement of all the low molecular weight metabolites (small organic molecules, i.e. sugars, amino acids, flavours, acids, pigments, hormones) in biological samples such as a leaf, fruit, food, blood, etc. Metabolomics refers either to plants, microorganisms, food or animal and human organisms. Different specific aspects of fingerprinting, metabolic profile and metabolite target analysis are presented. A critical discussion of methodologies used in metabolomics is presented. Finally, there are mentioned the advantages offered by metabolomics versus genomics and their applications, i.e. a tremendous number of measurements to be done in short time and with high resolution and sensitivity, to realize “maps” of plants and their derived products.

Nitrogen-doped heterostructure carbon functionalized by electroactive organic molecules for asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 40602-40614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingshu Guo ◽  
Zhongai Hu ◽  
Yufeng An ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Pengfei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Noncovalent Interaction ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitors ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Redox Center

The organic molecules (TCBQ, AQ) with multi-electron redox center are selected to modify nitrogen-doped heterostructure carbon (NHC) by noncovalent interaction and the electrode materials show good performances and potential self-matching behaviors.

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