scholarly journals Development of a New and Improved Guanidine-based Rac1 Inhibitor with in Vivo Activity against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias S Ciarlantini ◽  
Andrea Barquero ◽  
diana wetzler ◽  
Juan Bayo ◽  
Martín M. Dodes Traian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
New Family

<p>Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), is a member of the family of Rho GTPases involved in the dynamic control of cytoskeleton reorganization and other fundamental cellular functions including growth, motility and survival. Aberrant activity of Rac1 and its regulators is common in human cancer. In particular, deregulated expression/activity of Rac Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs), responsible for Rac activation, has been largely associated to a metastatic phenotype and drug resistance. Thus, the development of novel Rac1-GEF interaction inhibitors is a promising strategy for finding new preclinical candidates. In this work, we have studied structure-activity relationships within a new family of N,N’-disubstituted guanidine as Rac1-GEF protein-protein interaction inhibitors, starting from our first developed member 1A-116. We found that new analogue 1D-142, bearing a pyridine ring instead of benzene ring, presents improved antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines and higher potency as Rac1-GEF interaction inhibitor in vitro. In addition, 1D-142 reduces TNFα-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, a mechanisms mediated by Rac1 during cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC. Notably, 1D-142 was used to show for the first time the application of a Rac1 inhibitor in a lung cancer animal model.<br></p>

scholarly journals Development of a New and Improved Guanidine-based Rac1 Inhibitor with in Vivo Activity against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias S Ciarlantini ◽  
Andrea Barquero ◽  
diana wetzler ◽  
Juan Bayo ◽  
Martín M. Dodes Traian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
New Family

<p>Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), is a member of the family of Rho GTPases involved in the dynamic control of cytoskeleton reorganization and other fundamental cellular functions including growth, motility and survival. Aberrant activity of Rac1 and its regulators is common in human cancer. In particular, deregulated expression/activity of Rac Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs), responsible for Rac activation, has been largely associated to a metastatic phenotype and drug resistance. Thus, the development of novel Rac1-GEF interaction inhibitors is a promising strategy for finding new preclinical candidates. In this work, we have studied structure-activity relationships within a new family of N,N’-disubstituted guanidine as Rac1-GEF protein-protein interaction inhibitors, starting from our first developed member 1A-116. We found that new analogue 1D-142, bearing a pyridine ring instead of benzene ring, presents improved antiproliferative activity in human cancer cell lines and higher potency as Rac1-GEF interaction inhibitor in vitro. In addition, 1D-142 reduces TNFα-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, a mechanisms mediated by Rac1 during cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC. Notably, 1D-142 was used to show for the first time the application of a Rac1 inhibitor in a lung cancer animal model.<br></p>

scholarly journals Importin 13 promotes NSCLC progression by mediating RFPL3 nuclear translocation and hTERT expression upregulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisan Abdalfatah Zohud ◽  
Ping Guo ◽  
Batoul Abdalfatah Zohud ◽  
Fengzhou Li ◽  
Jiao J. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Egfr Mutations ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Htert Promoter ◽  
Htert Expression ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Functional Nuclear Localization Signal

Abstract Our previous studies have reported that RFPL3 protein exerts its unique function as a transcriptional factor of hTERT promoter after being transported into the lung cancer cell nucleus. However, the detailed mechanism by which RFPL3 undergoes nuclear transport has not been reported yet. Here, we identified RFPL3 as a potential import cargo for IPO13, which was found to be overexpressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. IPO13 interacted with RFPL3 in lung cancer cells, and the knockdown of IPO13 led to the cytoplasmic accumulation of RFPL3, the decreased anchoring of RFPL3 at hTERT promoter, and the downregulation of hTERT expression. Moreover, IPO13 silencing suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. IHC analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the expression levels of IPO13 and hTERT in the tumor tissues from patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, the mechanistic study revealed that IPO13 recognized RFPL3 via a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS), which is located in the B30.2 domain at the C-terminal region of RFPL3. Of note, the presence of EGFR mutations was significantly related to the increased IPO13 expression. The EGFR-TKI Osimertinib downregulated IPO13 expression level in NSCLC cell lines with EGFR mutations, but not in EGFR wild-type ones. In summary, our data suggest that inhibition of IPO13 transport activity itself might be an alternative and potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.

scholarly journals A newfangled coordinated ruthenium phloretin complex reprogramming breast cancer microenvironment interceded by modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway and modifying the antioxidant status correlated with intensified apoptotic events.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang He ◽  
Guo Yu ◽  
Anil Kumar Mondru ◽  
Tania Chakraborty ◽  
Souvik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Background: Our recent investigation directed to synthesize and characterize a novel ruthenium– phloretin complex accompanied by the study of antioxidant in addition to DNA binding capabilities, and to determine the chemotherapeutic activity against breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo approach.Methods: Ruthenium–phloretin complex was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The complex was further investigated to determine its efficacy in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines and finally in an in vivo model of DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis in ratsResults: Our studies confirm that the chelation of the metal and ligand was materialize by the 3-OH and 9-OH functional groups of the ligand and the complex is found crystalline and was capable of intercalating with CT-DNA. The complex was capable of reducing cellular propagation and initiate apoptotic events in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, ruthenium-phloretin complex could modulate p53 intervene apoptosis in the breast carcinoma, initiated by the intrinsic apoptotic trail facilitated by the Bcl2 and Bax and at the same time down regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway coupled with MMP9 regulated tumor invasive pathways.Conclusions: Ruthenium-phloretin chemotherapy could interrupt, revoke or suspend the succession of breast carcinoma by altering intrinsic apoptosis along with the antiangiogenic pathway, hence fulfilling the role of a prospective candidate in cancer chemotherapeutics in the in the near future.

scholarly journals A Newfangled Coordinated Ruthenium Phloretin Complex Reprogramming Breast Cancer Microenvironment Interceded by Modulation of PI3K/Akt/Mtor/VEGF Pathway and Modifying The Antioxidant Status Correlated With Intensified Apoptotic Events.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyang He ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
Tania Chakraborty ◽  
Souvik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Breast Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract Background: Our recent investigation directed to synthesize and characterize a novel ruthenium– phloretin complex accompanied by the study of antioxidant in addition to DNA binding capabilities, and to determine the chemotherapeutic activity against breast carcinoma in vitro and in vivo approach.Methods: Ruthenium–phloretin complex was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The complex was further investigated to determine its efficacy in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines and finally in an in vivo model of DMBA induced mammary carcinogenesis in ratsResults: Our studies confirm that the chelation of the metal and ligand was materialize by the 3-OH and 9-OH functional groups of the ligand and the complex is found crystalline and was capable of intercalating with CT-DNA. The complex was capable of reducing cellular propagation and initiate apoptotic events in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, ruthenium-phloretin complex could modulate p53 intervene apoptosis in the breast carcinoma, initiated by the intrinsic apoptotic trail facilitated by the Bcl2 and Bax and at the same time down regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway coupled with MMP9 regulated tumor invasive pathways.Conclusions: Ruthenium-phloretin chemotherapy could interrupt, revoke or suspend the succession of breast carcinoma by altering intrinsic apoptosis along with the antiangiogenic pathway, hence fulfilling the role of a prospective candidate in cancer chemotherapeutics in the in the near future.

scholarly journals Full Structural Characterization of Homoleptic Complexes of Diacetylcurcumin with Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mn: Cisplatin-level Cytotoxicity in Vitro with Minimal Acute Toxicity in Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Meza-Morales ◽  
M. Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽  
Yair Alvarez-Ricardo ◽  
Marco A. Obregón-Mendoza ◽  
Julia Cassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Human Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

At the present time, scientists place a great deal of effort worldwide trying to improve the therapeutic potential of metal complexes of curcumin and curcuminoids. Herein, the synthesis of four homoleptic metal complexes with diacetylcurcumin (DAC), using a ligand designed to prevent the interaction of phenolic groups, rendering metal complexes through the β-diketone functionality, is reported. Due to their physiological relevance, we used bivalent magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese for complexation with DAC. The resulting products were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), liquid and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic moment, mass spectrometry (MS), single crystal, and powder X-ray diffraction (SCXRD and PXRD). Crystallization was achieved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as triclinic systems with space group P-1, showing the metal bound to the β-diketone function, while the 1H-NMR confirmed the preference of the enolic form of the ligand. Single crystal data demonstrated a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance assay (TBARS). All four metal complexes (Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mn) exhibited good antioxidant effect (IC50 = 2.03 ± 0.27, 1.58 ± 0.07, 1.58 ± 0.15 and 1.24 ± 0.10 μM respectively) compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol. The cytotoxic activity in human cancer cell lines against colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), mammary adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and lung adenocarcinoma (SKLU-1) was found comparable ((DAC)2Mg), or ca. 2-fold higher ((DAC)2Zn) than cisplatin. The acute toxicity assays indicate class 5 toxicity, according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines at doses of 3 g/kg for all complexes. No mortality or changes in the behavior of animals in any of the treated groups was observed. A therapeutic potential can be envisaged from the relevant cytotoxic activity upon human cancer cell lines in vitro and the undetected in vivo acute toxicity of these compounds.

Prothymosin α and Its C-Terminal Immunoreactive Decapeptide Show no Evidence of Acute Toxicity: A Preliminary in Silico, in Vitro and in Vivo Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios I. Birmpilis ◽  
Panagiotis Vitsos ◽  
Ioannis V. Kostopoulos ◽  
Lillian Williams ◽  
Kyriaki Ioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Prothymosin Α ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

Background: Members of the α-thymosin family have long been studied for their immunostimulating properties. Among them, the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) prothymosin α (proTα) and its C-terminal decapeptide proTα(100–109) have been shown to act as immunomodulators in vitro, due to their ability to promote T helper type 1 (Th1) responses. Recently, we verified these findings in vivo, showing that both proTα and proTα(100-109) enhance antitumor-reactive T cell-mediated responses. Methods: In view of the eventual use of proTα and proTα(100-109) in humans, we investigated their safety profile in silico, in human leukocytes and cancer cells lines in vitro, and in immunocompetent mice in vivo, in comparison to the proTα derivative thymosin alpha 1 (Τα1), a 28-mer peptide extensively studied for its safety in clinical trials. Results: In silico prediction via computational tools showed that all three peptide sequences likely are non-toxic or do not induce allergic regions. In vitro, proTα, proTα(100-109) and Tα1 did not affect the viability of human cancer cell lines and healthy donor-derived leukocytes, did not promote apoptosis or alter cell cycle distribution. Furthermore, mice injected with proTα, proTα(100-109) and Tα1 at doses equivalent to the suggested dose regimen of Tα1 in humans, did not show signs of acute toxicity, whereas proTα and proTα(100-109) increased the levels of proinflammatory and Th1-type cytokines in their peripheral blood. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings suggest that proTα and proTα(100-109), even at high concentrations, are non-toxic in vitro and in an acute toxicity model in vivo; moreover, we show that the two peptides retain their immunomodulatory properties in vivo and, eventually, could be considered for therapeutic use in humans.

scholarly journals Eleucine indicaPossesses Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel S. Al-Zubairi ◽  
Ahmad Bustamam Abdul ◽  
Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ◽  
Chew Yuan Peng ◽  
Syam Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines

The use of evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine is increasing rapidly.Eleucine indica(EI) is traditionally used in ailments associated with liver and kidneys. The therapeutic benefit of the medicinal plants is often attributed to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the hexane, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol extracts (MeTH) of EI for their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-cancer effects using total phenolic contents (TPCs) and DPPH, disc diffusion method and MTT cytotoxicity assays, respectively. The MeTH was showed to have the highest TPC and scavenging activity (77.7%) on DPPH assay, followed by EA (64.5%), hexane (47.19%) and DCM (40.83%) extracts, whereas the MeTH showed no inhibitory effect on all tested bacteria strains. However, the EA extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria exceptBacillus subtilis, in which this bacterium was found to be resistant to all EI extracts. Meanwhile, hexane extract was demonstrated to have a remarkable antibacterial activity against methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) andPseudomonas aeruginosa, while the dicholoromethane extract did not exhibit significant activity againstP. aeruginosa. None of the extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity towards MCF-7, HT-29 and CEM-SS human cancer cell lines after 72 h incubation time (IC50> 30 μg/ml). These results demonstrate that the extract prepared from the EI possesses antioxidant activityin vitroin addition to antibacterial properties. Further investigations are needed to verify the antioxidant effectsin vitroandin vivo.

scholarly journals Phase separation of EML4–ALK in firing downstream signaling and promoting lung tumorigenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Qin ◽  
Honghua Sun ◽  
Meiting Yue ◽  
Xinwen Pan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Lung Tumorigenesis ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation

AbstractEML4–ALK fusion, observed in about 3%–7% of human lung adenocarcinoma, is one of the most important oncogenic drivers in initiating lung tumorigenesis. However, it still remains largely unknown about how EML4–ALK fusion exactly fires downstream signaling and drives lung cancer formation. We here find that EML4–ALK variant 1 (exon 1–13 of EML4 fused to exon 20–29 of ALK) forms condensates via phase separation in the cytoplasm of various human cancer cell lines. Using two genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), we find that EML4–ALK variant 1 can drive lung tumorigenesis and these murine tumors, as well as primary tumor-derived organoids, clearly show the condensates of EML4–ALK protein, further supporting the findings from in vitro study. Mutation of multiple aromatic residues in EML4 region significantly impairs the phase separation of EML4–ALK and dampens the activation of the downstream signaling pathways, especially the STAT3 phosphorylation. Importantly, it also significantly decreases cancer malignant transformation and tumor formation. These data together highlight an important role of phase separation in orchestrating EML4–ALK signaling and promoting tumorigenesis, which might provide new clues for the development of clinical therapeutic strategies in treating lung cancer patients with the EML4–ALK fusion.

scholarly journals The role of Rac in tumor susceptibility and disease progression: from biochemistry to the clinic

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Casado-Medrano ◽  
Martin J. Baker ◽  
Cynthia Lopez-Haber ◽  
Mariana Cooke ◽  
Shaofei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange ◽  
Nucleotide Exchange Factors ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization

The family of Rho GTPases are involved in the dynamic control of cytoskeleton reorganization and other fundamental cellular functions, including growth, motility, and survival. Rac1, one of the best characterized Rho GTPases, is an established effector of receptors and an important node in signaling networks crucial for tumorigenesis and metastasis. Rac1 hyperactivation is common in human cancer and could be the consequence of overexpression, abnormal upstream inputs, deregulated degradation, and/or anomalous intracellular localization. More recently, cancer-associated gain-of-function mutations in Rac1 have been identified which contribute to tumor phenotypes and confer resistance to targeted therapies. Deregulated expression/activity of Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors responsible for Rac activation has been largely associated with a metastatic phenotype and drug resistance. Translating our extensive knowledge in Rac pathway biochemistry into a clinical setting still remains a major challenge; nonetheless, remarkable opportunities for cancer therapeutics arise from promising lead compounds targeting Rac and its effectors.

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