scholarly journals Fundamental Design Rules for Turning on Fluorescence in Ionic Molecular Crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Benson ◽  
Laura Kacenauskaite ◽  
Katherine L. VanDenburgh ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Bo Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Spectral Shifts ◽  
Materials By Design ◽  
Homo And Lumo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Bright Emission

<p>Fluorescence is critical to many advanced materials including OLEDs and bioimaging. While molecular fluorophores that show bright emission in solution are potential sources of these materials, their emission is frequently lost in the solid state preventing their direct translation to optical applications. Unpredictable packing and coupling of dyes leads to uncontrolled spectral shifts and quenched emission. No universal solution has been found since Perkin made the first synthetic dye 150 years ago. We report the serendipitous discovery of a new type of material that we call <i>small-molecule ionic isolation lattices</i>(SMILES) tackling this long-standing problem. SMILES are easily prepared by adding two equivalents of the anion receptor cyanostar to cationic dyes binding the counter anions and inducing alternating packing of dyes and cyanostar-anion complexes. SMILES materials reinstate solution-like spectral properties and bright fluorescence to thin films and crystals. These positive outcomes derive from the cyanostar. Its wide 3.45-eV band gap allows the HOMO and LUMO levels of the dye to nest inside those of the complex as verified by electrochemistry. This feature simultaneously enables spatial and electronic isolation to decouple the fluorophores from each other and from the cyanostar-anion lattice. Representative dyes from major families of fluorophores, viz, xanthenes, oxazines, styryls, cyanines, and trianguleniums, all crystalize in the characteristic structure and regain their attractive fluorescence. SMILES crystals of rhodamine and cyanine display unsurpassed brightness per volume pointing to uses in demanding applications such as bioimaging. SMILES materials enable predictable fluorophore crystallization to fulfil the promise of optical materials by design.</p>

scholarly journals Fundamental Design Rules for Turning on Fluorescence in Ionic Molecular Crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Benson ◽  
Laura Kacenauskaite ◽  
Katherine L. VanDenburgh ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Bo Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Spectral Shifts ◽  
Materials By Design ◽  
Homo And Lumo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Bright Emission

<p>Fluorescence is critical to many advanced materials including OLEDs and bioimaging. While molecular fluorophores that show bright emission in solution are potential sources of these materials, their emission is frequently lost in the solid state preventing their direct translation to optical applications. Unpredictable packing and coupling of dyes leads to uncontrolled spectral shifts and quenched emission. No universal solution has been found since Perkin made the first synthetic dye 150 years ago. We report the serendipitous discovery of a new type of material that we call <i>small-molecule ionic isolation lattices</i>(SMILES) tackling this long-standing problem. SMILES are easily prepared by adding two equivalents of the anion receptor cyanostar to cationic dyes binding the counter anions and inducing alternating packing of dyes and cyanostar-anion complexes. SMILES materials reinstate solution-like spectral properties and bright fluorescence to thin films and crystals. These positive outcomes derive from the cyanostar. Its wide 3.45-eV band gap allows the HOMO and LUMO levels of the dye to nest inside those of the complex as verified by electrochemistry. This feature simultaneously enables spatial and electronic isolation to decouple the fluorophores from each other and from the cyanostar-anion lattice. Representative dyes from major families of fluorophores, viz, xanthenes, oxazines, styryls, cyanines, and trianguleniums, all crystalize in the characteristic structure and regain their attractive fluorescence. SMILES crystals of rhodamine and cyanine display unsurpassed brightness per volume pointing to uses in demanding applications such as bioimaging. SMILES materials enable predictable fluorophore crystallization to fulfil the promise of optical materials by design.</p>

scholarly journals Development of the Morphology and the Band Gap Energy of Co–Si Nanofibers by Inserting Zirconium and Titanium with Dual Anions Intercalation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Saber ◽  
Nagih M. Shaalan ◽  
Aya Osama ◽  
Adil Alshoaibi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Intercalation Process ◽  
Trivalent Cations ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
First Time

The plate-like structure is the most familiar morphology for conventional layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in case their structures consist of divalent and trivalent cations in their layers. In this study, nanofibers and nanoneedles of Co–Si LDHs were prepared for the first time. By the inclusion of zirconium inside the nanolayers of LDH structures, their plates were formed and transformed to nanofibers. These nanofibers were modified by the insertion of titanium to build again plate-like morphology for the LDH structure. This morphology controlling was studied and explained by a dual anions intercalation process. The optical properties of Co–Si LDHs indicated that the incorporation of zirconium within their nanolayers decreased the band gap energy from 4.4 eV to 2.9 eV. Following the same behavior, the insertion of titanium besides zirconium within the nanolayers of Co–Si LDHs caused a further reduction in the band gap energy, which became 2.85 eV. Although there is no data for the optical properties of Co–Si LDHs in the literature, it is interesting to observe the low band gap energy for Co–Si LDHs to become more suitable for optical applications. These results concluded that the reduction of the band gap energy and the formation of nanofibers introduce new optical materials for developing and designing optical nanodevices.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Quality ELISA Method for Dinotefuran Based on a Novel and Newly-Designed Antigen

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Zhao ◽  
Jingkun Liu ◽  
Jinhui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Spatial Simulation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Spatial Configurations ◽  
New Type

The structure of hapten determines the performance of the antibody and the corresponding detection method. A new type of antigen was designed and synthesized to expose the spatial and characteristic structure of dinotefuran molecule, and a type of high-quality antibody was obtained. The IC50 value of the monoclonal antibody was 5.30 ng/mL and its cross-reactivity (CRs) was less than 2% when reacting with other structurally related analytes. The effects of spatial configurations of hapten on the antibody were visually analyzed while using the appropriate software according to the quality of the antibodies, which showed that the specificity of the antibody is closely related with the exposed structure of hapten. An ELISA assay with an IC50 of 5.66 ng/mL and a linear range of 1.95 to 16.29 ng/mL was developed. The results that were obtained from the ELISA and HPLC methods were equivalent. The results showed that spatial simulation is a crucial method that is used in the designing of hapten to obtain a sensitive and specific antibody. The application of this method will highlight the potential aim and improve the detection efficiency of ELISA.

Development of a New Glass for both Visible and Near-Infrared Optical Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Hytham Abdelghany El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Materials ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Nd:Yag Lasers ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Electric Susceptibility

A glass system of composition 40P2O5-40ZnO-(20-x)Na2O-xCdO (where, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mol%) was prepared using the conventional melt quenching technique. The glass formability of the prepared samples was inspected using XRD technique. Archimedes’ method was used to determine the density of the prepared glass samples then the molar volume was calculated. The optical spectroscopic investigations of the prepared glass samples were carried out over the spectral range (190-2500 nm). The proposed glass showed a successive transparency in both visible and near-IR ranges of spectrum till 2500 nm with considerably high transmission of about 78%. The refractive index of the glass samples with some other useful parameters such as dielectric constant, electric susceptibility and electronic polarizability of the prepared glass were evaluated. The results suggest the practicality of utilizing such new glass in the fabrication of optical supplies such as lenses and optical windows used for Nd:YAG lasers. The metallization criteria data of the prepared glass propose a good basis for predicting new nonlinear optical materials.

New type of nanocomposite material for optical applications: organic nanocrystals in sol-gel glasses

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wang ◽  
Nathalie Sanz ◽  
Alain Ibanez ◽  
J. F. Nicoud ◽  
Patrice L. Baldeck
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nanocomposite Material ◽  
Organic Nanocrystals ◽  
New Type ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Gel Glasses

Advanced Thermo-Optical Materials for Micro-Optical Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guntis Liberts ◽  
Girts Ivanovs ◽  
Vilnis Dimza ◽  
Andrejs Firsovs ◽  
Edmunds Tamanis
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Optical Applications

Precision Mould Making – From Macro to Micro

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkard Brinksmeier ◽  
Jen Osmer
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Hot Embossing ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Diamond Machining ◽  
Optical Glasses ◽  
Optical Applications

Nowadays several qualified technologies have been established for the manufacturing of precision moulds. The fields of application can mainly be divided into moulds for non-optical and optical components. For optical moulding inserts the development goes from basic rotational symmetric geometries to complex surfaces like steep aspheres and freeforms which can additionally be overlaid with microstructures. The moulded components require a figure accuracy in the (sub-) micrometer and surface roughness in the nanometer range while moulds for replication also need advanced materials with high surface integrity. Here, diamond machining processes, e.g. diamond turning and milling as well as precision grinding and polishing are necessary for the manufacturing of precision moulding inserts from various materials. Depending on the material and application of the applied part to be replicated different replication techniques are used like injection moulding of plastics, hot embossing and precision moulding of optical glasses. For non-optical applications the current technical progress is driven by miniaturized products which are typically produced in mass production by replication techniques like hot embossing or metal forming. Each of these processes requires specific properties of the mould. Therefore, the surface topography and tribological conditions are of particular importance.

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