scholarly journals Inhalation therapy for bronchial obstruction in children: traditional approaches and new opportunities

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Kamaev ◽  
Olga V. Trusova ◽  
Irina V. Makarova ◽  
Dmitrii S. Korostovtsev
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Asthma Attack

Acute respiratory infections are widespread in the pediatric population and represent a significant burden to the health care system and families of patients. Anatomic ans physiological features of preschool children and individual predisposition, especially atopic phenotype, determine high risk of complicated course of acute respiratory infections with bronchial obstruction syndrome. The etiological factors of recurrent AR are quite diverse from chronic infections to foreign bodies of the bronchi or genetically determined diseases, but the most common cause of recurrent AR in children remains bronchial asthma. Therapy of acute obstructive episode in real clinical practice is most often similar to therapy of bronchial asthma attack and includes effects on the main components of pathogenesis: contraction of smooth muscles, mucus hypersecretion and inflammatory edema of the bronchial wall. There has been accumulated a great practical experience of using combined preparation of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide, which currently exists also in the form of domestic medicinal product Astmasol-SOLOpharm. In addition to standard bronchodilator and mucoconstrictor therapy, hypertonic solutions, in particular Ingasalin 3%, are an important component of therapy of prolonged obstruction and relapse prevention. The possibilities of this remedy in shortening of terms of obstructive disorders and decrease of risk of antibiotic therapy are demonstrated by clinical example.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of acute respiratory infections and malnutrition in urban and rural population of central India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Pranav G. Jawade ◽  
Neelam D. Sukhsohale ◽  
Gayatri G. Jawade ◽  
Binish Z. A. Khan ◽  
Pratik K. Kakani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Central India ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) and Malnutrition in children have tremendous burden on the health care sector of developing nations including India. The intensity with which these conditions are holding grip in the community is indeed a matter of concern and hence developing nations should develop an insight to assess the severity of it has become a necessity.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-14 years. Children were clinically assessed and diagnosis was made as URTI or LRTI Also anthropometry was performed and accordingly children were divided into categories of no malnutrition (NM), severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in ‘under 5’ years age children according to WHO guidelines, whereas children aged ‘above 5’ years were categorized as per the IAP guidelines.Results: It was observed that most of the mothers of children were illiterate with inadequate or absent ventilation and use of biomass fuels (chulha) for cooking purpose in households of rural children. The proportion of malnutrition was found to be equal in Under 5 children. In ‘above 5 years’ age study subjects, 52.4% of urban study subjects were normal as compared to 16.7% of rural study subjects.Conclusions: Our study implies that ARI and Malnutrition definitely is more prevalent in the pediatric population. Prevalence of URTI was found to be on a higher side in the rural population and LRTI prevalence was found to be higher in the urban population. Similarly, the prevalence of malnutrition was almost similar in ‘Under 5’ aged children, whereas the prevalence of malnutrition in ‘Above 5’ aged children was higher in the rural population than urban population.

Identification of adenovirus species in Iranian pediatric population with severe acute respiratory infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
Nazanin-Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ◽  
Jila Yavarian ◽  
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ◽  
Maryam Naseri ◽  
Azadeh Shadab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections

Aim: In this study we aimed to find the rate of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections and identify HAdVs molecular epidemiology in children younger than 5 years old with clinical diagnosis of severe acute respiratory infections in Iran. Patients & methods: A semi-nested PCR with in-house designed primers for HAdV was performed on 200 oropharyngeal swabs collected within 5 days from the onset of symptoms. The positive samples were subjected to sequencing and a phylogenetic tree was drawn. Results: Out of 200 specimens, 71 (35.5%) cases were positive for HAdVs. Detected strains matched with HAdV species B (80.3%), C (15.5%), D (2.8%) and E (1.8%). HAdV- B14/55 and HAdV-B3 were the most prevalent types, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that infections with HAdV species B, were common in children, who were clinically diagnosed as severe acute respiratory infection cases in Iran. The results could be useful for future epidemiological researches.

scholarly journals The role of human β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) and cathelicidin (LL-37) in the local protection of the upper respiratory tract in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Yu.K. Bolbot ◽  
T.A. Bordiі ◽  
Ya.V. Vilenskyi
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Allergic diseases of the respiratory system seriously affect the psychological, physical and social aspects of the live of sick children, morally and financially exhausting members of their families as well. It is known that exacerbations of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract occur due to interaction with numerous triggers, one of which is a respiratory viral infection. At the same time, it is widely known that patients with allergic respiratory diseases are more prone to to acute respiratory infections. One of the reasons for this tendency often is an insufficient activity of non-specific factors of local immunity of the respiratory system – endogenous amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides, in particular the most studied their representatives - the family of defensins and human cathelicidin. Current research proves that these antimicrobial peptides are characterized by broad antiviral, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study was to study the concentrations of local immune factors - human HbD-2 and LL-37 - in the secretion of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis and to clarify their role in protection against respiratory viral infections in this contingent of patients. We performed laboratory and clinical examinations of 76 children aged 7 to 18 years, of whom 24 were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, 28 children - bronchial asthma, and 24 - bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The control group consisted of 20 healthy children of the appropriate sex and age. In addition to general clinical methods, patterns of respiratory morbidity were analyzed and concentrations of antimicrobial peptides were determined: by ELISA human cathelicidin (LL-37), β-defensin 2 (HbD-2) in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract, statistical analysis was performed. It was found that children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized by a higher frequency of acute respiratory infections with more frequent involvement of the lower respiratory tract, which led to an increase in the duration of the disease compared to their healthy peers. In children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, there was revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in the secretion of the upper respiratory tract compared with the control group.

Preventive anti-inflammatory therapy during the acute respiratory infections in children with mild and moderate bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
V.A. Revyakina ◽  
◽  
I.A. Larkova ◽  
E.D. Kuvshinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using anti-inflammatory drugs based on ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG) (Reglisam, CJSC “VIFITECH”, Russia) in children with BA in the acute period of ARI. Patients and methods. Under observation there were 42 children (from 6 to 10 years old) with a diagnosis of BA in the acute period of ARI (1–2 days from the beginning of clinical manifestations). Patients were randomized into the main group – 20 patients who were prescribed the drug ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Reglisam) in addition to symptomatic ARI therapy, and the control group – 22 children who were prescribed only symptomatic ARI therapy. The observation period was 14 days with 2 checkpoints (1st and 14th days), when the following parameters were evaluated: general clinical examination; asthma symptoms; PCR diagnostics of acute respiratory viral infection and influenza pathogens; external respiration and BA control test (C-ACT), administration of additional medications and development of adverse events. Results. There was a decrease in the average scores of daily and night symptoms of BA in the study group, both in dynamics and in comparison with the control group at visit 2 (p < 0.05). The average duration of ARI in the main group was 6.34 ± ± 1.15 days and was less than that in the control group of patients (10.95 ± 1.45 days) (p < 0.05). The average duration of the use of short-acting β2-agonists in the main group was 3.37 ± 1.05 days and was less in comparison with the control group (6.75 ± 1.6) (p < 0.05). On the 14th day of observation in the main group, the median of C-ACT parameters increased and corresponded to good control of BA, and the level of blood eosinophils decreased to normal values; in the control group, no such dynamics was found. In 78% of patients in the main group, on the 14th day of observation, the persistence of previously detected respiratory viruses and influenza was not determined, the proportion of such patients in the control group was more than 2 times less. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the inclusion of the drug AG as a preventive therapy for children with asthma in the acute period of ARI to improve control over the course of the disease. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, therapy, ammonium glycyrrhizinate, acute respiratory infections

scholarly journals Influence of Steroid Inhalation Therapy on Microorganism of Respiratory Infections in Patients with Bronchial Asthma

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niro OKIMOTO ◽  
Naoko SUNAGAWA ◽  
Naoko ASAOKA ◽  
Hideo OHBA ◽  
Hirohide YONEYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Inhalation Therapy

scholarly journals The efficacy of the symptomatic therapy of the non-atopic bronchial asthma attack in schoolchildren

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1 (69)) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Sazhyn
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Asthma Phenotype ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Asthma Attack ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Comparison Groups

The effectiveness of symptomatic treatment of bronchial asthma in children has been studied. It has been found that patients with non-atopic asthma phenotype were characterized by more severe bronchial obstruction during exacerbations compared with atopic patients. Children afflicted with nonatopic phenotype of the disease were characterized by more pronounced signs of airway obstruction during the whole hospitalization period despite the identical standard regimens in the comparison groups.

Optimization of therapy in children with mild bronchial asthma to improve the disease control during seasonal acute respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
A.V. Kamaev ◽  
◽  
O.V. Trusova ◽  
I.A. Kamaeva ◽  
N.L. Lyashenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Mild Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Feno Level

Background. Children with mild bronchial asthma (BA) are prone to poor control of symptoms during seasonal acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Objective. To optimize therapy in children with mild BA to improve disease control during seasonal ARIs. Patients and methods. This single-blind placebo-controlled prospective single-center trial evaluating the efficacy of ammonium glycyrrhizinate (Reglisam, ‘VIFITECH,’ Russia) and lasting 4 months included 63 children with mild BA (21 in the placebo group) aged 5 to 10 years with a disease duration of at least 3 months. We assessed respiratory function, FeNO level, results of the asthma control test, characteristics of BA exacerbations, and the need for betamimetics and budesonide via a nebulizer. We used the Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test to evaluate the differences in mean and median values; the differences were considered significant at р < 0.05. Results. The frequency and mean duration of ARIs were lower in the group of active therapy (1.06 ± 0.35 episodes and 6.52 ± 2.19 days) than in the placebo group (1.77 ± 0.26 episodes and 10.83 ± 3.07 days). The differences were statistically significant (р = 0.036 and р = 0.019, respectively). Patients receiving placebo required longer budesonide administration per one BA exacerbation: 11.72 ± 1.98 days vs 8.65 ± 2.17 days in patients receiving active therapy (р = 0.026). Significant differences in the respiratory function and FeNO level were observed only in the subgroup of patients who had incomplete asthma control upon enrollment. We observed no new adverse events that had not been reported earlier. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy of ammonium glycyrrhizinate used to enhance basic therapy for mild BA in children, in whom respiratory infections are the most common triggers of BA exacerbations. Key words: ammonium glycyrrhizinate, basic therapy, children, mild bronchial asthma, acute respiratory infections (ARIs)

The Use of Dry Carbon Dioxide Baths in the Medical Rehabilitation of Children with Various Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Y.V. Nikityuk ◽  
M.A. Khan ◽  
N.A. Mikitchenko ◽  
I.I. Ivanova ◽  
A.V. Dedurina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

The purpose of this article is systematization and analysis of the results of studies on the effectiveness of using dry carbon dioxide baths in the medical rehabilitation of children with various diseases. Dry carbon dioxide baths allow to dose carbon dioxide during the procedure. The method eliminates the hydrostatic component and excludes the penetration of carbon dioxide into the respiratory tract during the procedure. The article presents the main aspects of the formation of the mechanism of the therapeutic action of dry carbon dioxide baths in bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, vegetative dystonia syndrome, health improvement of children who often suffer from acute respiratory diseases. The use of dry carbon dioxide bath in medical rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma helps to reduce the intensity of allergic inflammation, bronchial obstruction, the frequency of exacerbations of the disease. The use of SUV in atopic dermatitis in children allows you to stop or reduce the manifestations of the main clinical symptoms of the disease, improves the psycho-emotional state of the child. The effectiveness of dry carbonic bath in the vegetative dystonia is shown (mainly in the sympathicotonic type). The improvement of autonomic regulation and the reduction of tension in the work of the sympathetic department of the autonomic nervous system have been established. The application of dry carbon dioxide bath in sickly children helps to reduce clinical symptoms of acute respiratory infections, improves mucosal immunity, and reduces the frequency of recurrent infections throughout the year.

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